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HUMAN EYE AND VISION

Geethika MuralidharanB10 ISP

CUSAT

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Eye

Eye is a living camera

Essential cntri!utin t "aciale#$ressin

Brain $rcesses the in"rmatin

INTERACTION OF LIGHT WITH

TISSUES Thrugh a!sr$tin

Scattering

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%ight induced $rcess intissues

Aut &urescence

Phtchemical $rcesses

Thermal e'ects Pht a!latin

Plasma(induced a!latin

Phtdisru$tin

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Pht$rcesses in !i$lymers

)ighly e*cient

Series " cm$le# ste$s +ith num!er" intermediates

Intermediates "rmed in the dark,-ark reactin.

Pht$rcesses is cyclic ,$htcycle.

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ST/UCTU/E )UMA2 E3E

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/ETI2A

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/MATI2 /)-PSI2

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P)3SICA% A2- C)EMICA%

P/CESSES

Stimulus$erce$tin

/ece$tin Transductin

Cding

/etinal ismeri4atin under light $ressu

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P)3SICA% C)A2GES I2/ETI2A%

rmatin " all(trans(retinal activates its $sin5

Activated rhd$sin6 activates many mlecules "a $rtein cm$le# called transducin5

Transducin activates an en4yme that !reaksd+n cyclic GMP

The dr$ in the cyclic GMP cncentratin clses2a7 and Ca87 channels in the $lasma mem!rane" the rd5

The electrical signal thrugh a series " cm$le#$rcesses is 9nally

Transmitted !y the $tical nerve5

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P)T I2-UCE-I2TE/ME-IATES

/hd$sin ,:;0nm.

Bathrhd$sin ,=:?nm.

%umirhd$sin ,:;>nm.

Metarhd$sin I ,:>

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Disual Cycle

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Eye -e"ects

My$ia

)y$er$ia

Astigmatism Cataracts

Glaucma

Clur !lindness Pres!y$ia

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M3PIA

2ear(sightedness

Pr!lem seeing!ects "ar a+ay

-istance !et+een lensand retina t large

%ight "cused in "rnt

" retina Crrect +ith diverging

lenses

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My$ia

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)3PE/PIA

ar(sightedness

Pr!lem seeing clse!ects

-istance !et+een lensand retina t small

%ight "cused !ehind

retina Crrected +ith

cnverging lenses

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ASTIGMATISM

Eye cannt "cusan !ectFs imagen a single $int

n retina

Crnea is valinstead "

s$herical Causes !lurred

visin

Sme ty$es can

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P/ESB3PIA

rm " "ar(sightedness

)arder "r $e$le tread as they age

%ens lses elasticity

Crrected !y

glasses +ithcnverging lenses

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CATA/ACTS

Cluding "rms in lensdue t denaturing "lens $rtein

!structs $assage "light

Caused !y age6

chrnic e#$sure tUD6 r due t trauma

/emved !y surgery

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Clur !lindness

Una!le t "ullysee red6 green r!lue light5

The mstcmmn "rm(red green clur

!lindness

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/EE/E2CES

Bi$htnics H Paras 2 $rasad

)and!k " a$$lied $htmetry( C-ecusatis

+++5Chm5!ris5ac5uk htt$+++5meritnatin5cmaskans+erJu

estine#$lainstructure"humaneyehuman

eyeandclur"ul+rld

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