Download - Bus Reservation System

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SUBMITED BY

MAHAJAN MADHURI VIKAS

ADVANCE DEPLOMA IN SOFTWERE TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2004-2005

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project entitled “Travel Reservation

System” has satisfactory

completed in academic year 2004-2005 by towards partial

fulfillment of ADSTM

Guide Anupama chaudhari

Head Of Department

Of Computer Software

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I.M.R.College, Jalgaon.

Examiner External Examiner

Acknowledgement

I take this opportunity to express our sincere thank to the

management of the TRAVEL RESERVATION SYSTEM for

“SANGITAM TRAVEL’S” Jalgaon. for their kind permission for

allowing me to under go project work and for giving me whole hearted

co-operation for completing the project work. We are thankful to all

members of the organization help us guide Prof. Anupama Chaudhari.

for her valuable co-operation. very greatful Prof. Vilas Pawar. Finally

we express our gratitude to all those who directly or indirectly helped me

in completion of our project.

Miss. Madhuri V. Mahajan.

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INDEX

Sr. No.

Name Page No.

1 Introduction.a) Introduction To Project.b) Introduction To Organization.

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2 System Requirement Analysis.a) Study Of Existing System.b) Drawbacks And Limitations.c) Need For Computerization.

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3 Feasibility Study.a) Introduction.b) Technical Feasibility.c) Operational Feasibility.d) Behavioral Feasibility.

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4 System Analysis.a) Introduction.b) Entity Relationship Diagram.c) Data Flow Diagram.

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5 System Design.a) Introduction.b) Database Normalization.c) Table Structure.d) Menu And Forms Design.

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6 Testing.a) Introduction.b) White Box Testing.c) Black Box Testing.d) GUI Testing.

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7 Conclusion.a) Strengths And Limitations Of Software.b) Future Enhancement.

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8 Hardware And Software Requirements. 379 References. 38

10 Appendices. 39

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Introduction To Project: - Travel Reservation can be

maintained.This application is helpful for keeping track of

reservation & maintain availability of the seats.In case of

reservation,everytime travel agent have to maintain the list how

many seats are vacant for each city.When person will come for

reservation,first check on require date the seats are free or

not.Again check whether the seats are arranged in proper manner

like the neighboure of the ladies should be ladies.This task is

maintained in this project.By using this application just by seeing all

list travel agent can book the ticket for customer.process

Thus this application is useful to reserve the seats for

particular city & on require date.

Introduction To Organization: - Mr. Vinod Deshmukh is the

owner of Travel agency named as “Sangitam Travels”. He is the

progressive person in his field. This Travel agency was by him about

9-10 years ago in Jalgaon.

Now a days computer are used for working it.And all data or

information entered in accurate manner.This system is very fastly

done work rather than manual working system.In this system all

works are done in only in computer & also noted down in a

notebook,like cashbook,reservation information book.But all data or

information about it is automatically entered in this book which

appears in computer.

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In this system they are issued tickets with printer &

when this system is used,the working speed is increased.

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Chapter 2

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

About The Existing System: - In this section we are going to study

the existing system and analyze its manual working to find out the

requirements of the system. Analysis includes the studying the manual

working, listing and limitations, need of computerization and scope of

project.

1) Study Of Existing System: - Manual working of the petrol

pump comprises the following main modules that are handled

completely manually.

As per the analysis the detail working can be described as: -

a) Stock Remaining.

b) Employee Details.

a) Stock Remaining: -There are the special persons who checks

the stock and stores the record as stock remaining, and

calculates the total sales by total stock minus remaining stock.

This process is very lengthy and time consuming. There is also

need of calculating daily sail of oil. For this there is also a lengthy

method used by workers.

b) Employee Details: - In this storage process there is record

about employee. This is another important storage structure. In

this structure the overall detail of employee are consider such as

name, address, city, date of joining, monthly payment, their

borrowing amount, employees remaining balance etc are the

record about employee which is another remember able fact.

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Need For Computerization: -

The need for computerized system in our 21st century. A

computer is needed in every field in every where and it is the fact that

the computerized system is much better than existing system. (Manual

system) In this system less time required. There is no risk of lost of

details. Also the data feeding and updating is easy. Previously it was

the job of more people at different departments. But by using this

system all above problems are overcome. Only few persons are

required to operate computerized system.

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERIZATION: -

The computerized system is very useful because of following points

1) Economy: -

These systems can analysis the data at the lower cost than the

manual system.

2) Speed: -

Computers work at a very high speed.

3) Accuracy: -

Accurate result can achieve. Result of report generation is very

accurate.

4) Security: -

As the data stores in magnetic device such as hard disc and

floppy disc.

5) Reliability: -

As the data is saved one can add, modify and delete when

required. Machine is always reliable the human.

DRAWBACKS OF PREVIOUS SYSTEM: -

1) In the travel employee has to handle large number of entries

everyday.As the number of peoples journet from one place to

another place,it increases the burdan of clerical work.

2) The recording of the particulars of resevation,its availability &

the details of the members is a time consuming job.

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3) For handling all the transactions such as booking,changing &

canceling is a need of more clerical staff.

4) The past data has to be kept carefully for the future reference,if

unfortunately accidents are there,then this information is used.

5) The major problem of existing system is, there is no security, an

anyone is able to see, change or delete existing data.

6) Finally the conclusion for existing system is it is completely

manual.

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Chapter 3

FEASIBILITY STUDY

INTRODUCTION:

This is always essential to evaluate the various aspects before

we develop the system. Evaluation should always. Justify the cost and

benefit ratio. It is found that benefits are less as compared to the cost

of avoided going in for computerization.

Feasibility project is justify by: -

1. Economical feasibility.

2. Technical Feasibility.

3. Social and Operational feasibility.

4. Behavioral feasibility.

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY: -

This also called as COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS. Cost and benefit

analysis gives us for computerization, the cost will reduce in some

aspects and respective increase in not as much as compared to

reduction computerization will reduce the requirement staff. It will also

reduce the cost of non-reusable stationary; the computer stationary

will replace the various types of bills and registers.

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TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY: -

In this type of feasibility we have to see that whatever existing

system in the organization supports the computerized systems or not.

In other words, is the computerized system working same as that of

the existing system?

The computerized system may not create any problem, if any

problem regarding to the system occurs, then the manner can contact

to the software consultancy firm, so that they can remove the

problems or bugs.

The system can also be expanded it the need arises. There are

technical guaranties of accuracy reliability and easy to access of data

and data security.

SOCIAL AND OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY: -

As the new system involve less persons the confusion arising in

the process, the time lagged, the labor and other cost are reduced.

Operating with records in both situations in quite different.

Manual system was also disliked, because of completion and other

hassles involve maintaining records. After computerization it becomes

the job of single operator with no risk involved on posting and report

generation. Speed of the operator is also increased substantial.

BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY: -

As computer do the job of many people, less number of peoples

required. Replacing the existing system with the computerized system

will not affect the job employment of the existing employee as the

employee can be shifted to other departments. For this reason the

current staff does not oppose the computerized system. Users should

be trained through courses, so they will become familiar to the system

and operate the system easily.

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Chapter 4

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Data Objects: - A data object of almost any composite information

that can be understood by software. Composite information means

something that has a different number of different properties or

attributes.

A data object can be external entity defines in terms of set of

attributes. The data object description incorporates the data object and

all its attributes. Data objects are related to one another and

encapsulate data only; there is no reference to operation that act on

the data

E-R Diagrams: - E-R diagrams can express the overall logical

structure of a database graphically. The E-R model is one of the several

semantic data model. The semantic aspect of data model lies in

attempt to mapping the meaning and interaction of real world

enterprises into conceptual scheme.

Data Flow Diagrams: - A DFD is a graphical technique that

depicts information flow and transforms the data that moves from

input to output. The DFD is also known as Data Flow Graf or Bubble

Chart.

Shows the process in DFD

1)

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Represents the

source or sink

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Represents Changes in

file

Flow of bi-directional data

Entity Relationship Diagram: -

Entity Relationship Diagram Of Order

Entity Relationship Diagram Of Bank A/C

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Name

Address

City Phone_No.

Cell_No.

Supplier Order

Oil

Type

Quantity

Bank_Name

Branch_Name

City

Bank

Accout_No

Balance

User A/CA/C

Customer

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Entity Relationship Diagram Of

Sales

Entity Relationship Diagram Of Employee

Salary

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CName

Address

CityOil_Type

Prc_Pr_Ltr Quantity

Ttl_Prc

SalesBill

Address

Name City

Employee

Salary_Amount

For_Month

Balance

SalaryEmp_Salary

Custome

Cust Info

New Cust

Permanent Cust

Record Saved

Comes For Oil Purchasing

Comes For Oil Purchasing

CustomerUpdating Record

New Customer

Cheque

Record Saved

SalesCash

Old Cust

Bill Pay

Cheque

SalesCash

Record Saved

Print

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Data Flow Diagram : -

a) Context Flow Diagram: -

b) 1st Level DFD: -

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Petrol PumpManagement

System

Order

Oil Sale

Employee

Account No.

Supplier

Customer

Bill

Stock Refill

Salary

A/C Update

Oil Supplied

Balance

1.1Custome

r Info

Collection

Customer

1.0Checkin

g Custome

r Info.

1.2Oil

Selling

1.6Paymen

t

1.7Checkin

g Cheque

No

1.3Checkin

g Balance

1.4Bill

Receiving

1.5Checkin

g Cheque

No.

1.8Bill

Printing

Employee Salary

New Employee

Employee Record Employee

Details

Salary Payment

Record Stored

Salary

Old Employee Info

Calculating Balance

Record Stored

Stock Order

Supplier Info For Order

Order Gives To Supplier

Oil Received

Stock

Stock Info

Order

Stored In

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c) 2nd Level DFD: -

c) 3rd Level DFD: -

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Employee

2.1Add

Employee

2.4Paying Salary

2.2Checking Employee Info.

2.3Remaining Salary Payment

3.1Finding Supplier

Info

Order

3.2Supplier Sends

Oil Stock

3.3Stock Filling

Supplier Info NewInformation

Stored Supplier

Old SupplierIf Supplier Info Changed

Information Stored

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d) 4th Level DFD: -

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Supplier

4.1Add New

Supplier

4.2Checkin

g Supplier

Info

4.3UpdatingSupplier Info

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Chapter 5

SYSTEM DESIGN

Database Normalization: -

The Normalization is the most essential part as per the database

management system is concerning that it is nothing but the simplest

form between the relation data and entity. The main considerable

function of the Normalization is the data redundancy.

The process known, as Normalization is the technique used to

group that attributes in several ways that eliminates these types of

problems. More specifically the goals of Normalization are to minimize

redundancy and functional dependency occurs when the value of one

attribute can be determined from the value of another attribute. By

definition all non-key attribute will b e functional dependent on the

primary key in every relation.

If we denormalise the tables we will face the problem of data

redundancy which will result in data inconsistency.

So to overcome these problems Normalization process is must

for future convenience. Thus we have tried our level best to normalize

the data to overcome these problems.

“Normalization can thus be defined as the process of restricting a

relation (table) for reducing it to a form where each domain would

consist of single non-composite values”. Normalization consists of four

Normal Forms: -

1. First Normal Form.

2. Second Normal Form.

3. Third Normal Form.

4. Boyce_Codd Normal Form.

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Table Design: - This module is consisting the different tables that

are being utilized by the system. All the tables are normalized up to

third normal form. Their requirements of all the users sure taken

into consider deciding the actual data that needs to be stored in the

system. While designing the database records for the system proper

care has been taken for not allowing the duplicate records and

unnecessary redundancy of data.

1) Table Name:- Busdetails

FIELDS TYPE SIZE Constraints

BusNo Text 50 - Description Text 50 - Timing Text 50 - Noofseats Number 8 - bustype Text 50 -

This table is used for storing information about the Bus Details.

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2) Table Name:- Employee


EmployeeNo Text 50 Primary KeyEmployee_Name Text 50 -Address Text 50 -Phone Text 50 -Salary Currency 8 -DateofJoing Date/Time 10 -DateofBirth Date/Time 10Qualification Text 50Designation Text 50Balance Currency 8

This table is used for storing information about the Employee.

3) Table Name:- Expenses


Date Date/Time 10 -Amount Currency 8 -Description Text 50 -

This table is used for storing information about the Expenses.

4) Table Name:- FareDetails


Fare Currency 8 -Destination Text 50 Primary KeyBusType Text 50 -

This table is used for storing information about the FareDetails

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5) Table Name:- Login11


username Text 50 Primary Keypassword Text 50 -

This table is used for storing information about the Login11.

6) Table Name:- salary


EmployeeNo Text 50 -EmployeeName Text 50 -Date Date/Time 10 -Salary Number 50 -PaidAmount Currency 8 -ForMonth Text 50 -PhoneNo Number 8Balance Currency 8

This table is used for storing information about the Salary.

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7) Table Name :- TicketBooking


Ticketno Text 50 -Date Text 50 Primary KeyDateOBooking Date/Time 10 Foreign KeyFare Currency 8 -NOOfPassenger Number 8 -Destination Text 50 -Busno Text 50 -Timing Date/Time 10 -PassengerName Text 50 -

This table is used for storing information about the Ticket

booking.

Menu And Forms Design: -

e) Login Form: -

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f) MDI Form: –

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g) Expences Details Form: -

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h) Bus Details Form: -

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i) Employee Details: -

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j) Employee Salary Form: -

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k) Fare Details Form: -

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l) Ticket Booking Details: -

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Chapter 6

TESTING

WHITE BOX TESTING: -

a) A complementary approach to Black - Box testing is sometimes

called structural or glass box testing.

b) As the name implies, the tester can analyses the code and use

knowledge about structure of a component to driven test data.

c) The advantage of structural testing is that an analysis of the code

can be used to find how many test cases are needed to guarantee

a given level of test coverage.

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d) A dynamic analyzer can then be used to measure the extent of this

coverage and help with test case design.

Techniques of white-box testing are: -

1) Basic path of Testing.

2) Condition Testing.

3) Data Flow Testing.

BLACK BOX TESTING: -

a) Black box testing relies on the specification of the system or

component, which is being tested to drive test cases.

b) The system in a ‘Black-Box’ whose behavior can only be determined

by studying its inputs and the related outputs.

c) Another name for this is Functional Testing because mathematical

functions can be specified using only there inputs and outputs.

d) This model is same as that used for reliability testing.

e) The key problem for the defect tester is to select inputs that have a

high probability of being members of the set. In many cases, the

selection of these test cases is based on the previous experience of

test engineers. They use domain knowledge to identify test cases,

which are likely to reveal defects.

f) Objectives of Black-Box testing are to find out:

1) Incorrect or missing functions.

2) Interface errors.

3) Errors in data structure and external database access.

4) Performance errors.

5) Initialization and termination errors.

g) Techniques used for Black-Box are:

1) Equivalent partitioning and boundary value analysis.

TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION: -

1) Testing.

2) Integration Testing.

TESTING: -

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Even through many tests are conducted at different levels there

remains some errors or weakness, which may not detected. System

testing is necessary to detect such type of errors when encountered at

time of program testing. In this stage each and every minute point is

considered. One can refer this stage as final touch to system. This test

takes in to account the actual involvement in which the user operates.

The system test is considered to check weather any changes have to

be made in the program that is in whole system.

After the system testing, working has been made the full

satisfaction of the user and known the system is full ready to be

implemented at the user place.

TEST RUN: -

After completion of designing stage of the system development,

next important stage is testing can be classified as-

a) Program Testing.

b) System Testing.

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PROGRAM TESTING: -

When each module is completed. It has been tested in order to

the at time of execution of that module. For this purpose test data is

prepared and document to ensure that aspects of the program are

working properly. A program represents logical elements of the system

so that an error free program must be achieved programming testing

tests two types of errors.

a) Syntax Error.

b) Logical Error.

SYNTAX ERROR: -

Syntax error is one, which violate one or more rules of the

language in which module or program are written. This error shown

through error message generated by the computer at the time of

execution of program. Such error is to correct.

LOGICAL ERROR: -

A logical error with the incorrect data fields, out of range items,

invalid combinations and the error violating the logic of the program.

As the computer not detect such type of errors, it is better to take

maximum care to avoid such types of errors at the time of

programming. Flowchart of the program is good media to such types of

errors.

Considering all the above aspect each module is tested. When

the error free programming is executes, and then the actual output is

compared with the executed output.

SYSTEM TESTING: -

After having completed the design and coding phase, it is

essential to test the package to ensure that it perform in accordance

with the requirement. Also the software has to be ‘test run’ before it

can be adopted.

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Chapter 7

CONCLUSION

Strength And Limitation Of Software: -

Now the time come when my project “Travel Reservation

System” is ready to work on the system of the Sangitam Travel

Agancy The software contains all the new and advance facility given

by the Visual Basic. The project has given to us for the ability to solve

the problems related to databases and by form designing we got much

more theoretical as well as practical knowledge. Now we have realize

the importance of the Software Development Life Cycle and the

various stages in it namely problem definition, analysis, design

implementation, testing ad debugging, maintenance.

Since, we have developed the software for organization, we have

to adapt their standard. Although the software is not build by the

single person. That are build by a team or several by teams together.

But I have tried by best to make this software all purpose user-friendly.

It is very rarely when there are no bugs in software. When you

run this first time every software has some error during there first

execution. I also have to face some errors in which some are removed

in fraction of minute and some of them take about whole day. But I

never felt frustrate. As we know “Where There Is Will There Is Way”

and it is so. I have never handle this type of software before. My guide

liner told me that it is not important that what is your software it is

most be error free. Well all is well when end is well; the entire project is

my lifetime achievement and full of knowledge experience.

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Future Enhancement: -

As I have already mentioned that the system consist of all the

new and advanced facilities given by Visual Basic 6.0. But as the time

never stops and the man should change with time. As the man will

change their requirement will also be changed time by time. The most

important thing of this software is that it is further improved with

having change in its current setting. We can also change the security

of the software over the time, because by the time software will have

more and more secure as the data also secure.

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Chapter 8

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENT

HARDWARE: -

a) Pentium Processor III or Higher.

b) Minimum 32 MB RAM.

c) 1.2 GB HDD.

d) 1.44 FDD.

e) EGA/VGA Graphics Adapter.

SOFTWARE: -

1. Win9X, XP, NT, 2000, SERVER etc Operating Systems (Any Of

These.)

2. As Backend of MS-Access.

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Chapter 9

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. VISUAL BASIC 6 PROGRAMMING BLACK BOOK.

- STEVEN HOLZNER.

2. MASTERING VISUAL BASIC 6.

3. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

- SHASHANK D. JOSHI.

4. DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPT.

- HENRY F. KORTH.

5. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.

- SHASHANK D. JOSHI.

6. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.

- ROGER PRESSMAN.

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Chapter 10

APPENDICES

End User Comment: -

In this system we know there are various forms o maintain

records such as –

1) Login Form.

2) Customer Master.

3) Quotation Master.

4) BO Master.

5) Delivery Master.

6) Category Master.

7) Product Master.

8) Company Master.

9) Rate Master.

In the above forms there are two types of forms one for Login Form

for master and second for registration of customer in Customer

Master Form.

User Manual: -

a) First check whether required package (MS-Access) is available or

not.

b) If not install it on your system.

c) Start database by using appropriate connection.

d) Connect Database.

e) After that Login screen appears.

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