Bloodborne Pathogens

Are You Protected? 2010

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 81- Subchapter H

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030 Explanation of its contents:

a. Scope and Applicationb. Definitionsc. Exposure Control Pland. Methods of Compliancee. HIV and Hepatitis B Research Labs

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Explanation of its contents:

f. Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post-Exposure Evaluation and Follow Up

g. Communication of Hazards to Employeesh. Record Keepingi. Dates

Bloodborne PathogenBloodborne – carried by and lives in human

blood or other bodily fluids◦ Blood◦ Semen◦ Vaginal secretions◦ Feces◦ Urine◦ Sputum◦ Vomitus

Pathogen – a microorganism that can cause disease

Types of PathogensVirus – parasitic microscopic protein

◦ AIDS, Hepatitis, Herpes, Bird Flu

Bacteria – one celled organism◦ Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Staph Infection

Fungus – single or multi-celled organism◦ Ringworm, Athlete’s Foot

Protozoa – primitive single-celled organism◦ Malaria, Giardia

How Pathogens Enter the Body1. Ingestion2. Punctures, cuts, abrasions, and other

non-intact skin.3. Mucous Membranes

• Mouth• Nose• Eyes• Sexual Contact

Your Potential Workplace Exposure

First Aid Responder

Janitorial Duties

First AidFirst aid training

Good SamaritanCollateral duty*Designated responder

Not covered by BBP Standard

BBP standard applies

* if First-Aid response is an expected part of the job

BBP standard applies

HEPATITIS AAcquired primarily

through the fecal-oral route.

Causes an infection of the liver.

Cannot be distinguished from other forms of Hepatitis without testing.

The “restaurant” hepatitis.

HEPATITIS BContracted from contact with

blood or other bodily fluids.100 times more contagious

than Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Can live in a dry environment for at least 7 days

Some people can be carriers and never get sick, but they can infect others.

There is no cure, but there is a preventative vaccine.

Hepatitis BVery infectious

◦ 1/3 no symptoms, 1/3 flu-like, 1/3 severe◦ 6 to 10% of cases infectious for life (carrier state)

In the past, 140,000-300,000 new infections per year ◦5,000-6,000 deaths/yr from chronic liver disease

HEPATITIS CSpread by infected blood or other bodily

fluids. Once contracted, over 70% of cases

become chronic.No preventative vaccine.Current risk rate of contraction is 1 in

10,000.

HEPATITIS C4 million Americans infectedOnly 25% of those infected have been

diagnosedCarrier state can develop with or without

symptomsCarrier state can lead to chronic liver

disease, cirrhosis (10 year latency), or cancer (alcohol is strong co-factor)

Leading cause of liver transplant in U.S.

HEPATITIS- A,B,&CHeating foods above 1800 F for one

minute will kill the virus.Good hygiene (washing hands and face) is

the best prevention method.A 10% bleach solution if also an excellent

disinfectant.

Signs and Symptoms of HepatitisFlu-like fatigue

and loss of appetite

Fever, nausea, and joint pain

HeadachesJaundiceDark colored

urineLight colored

stool

Hepatitis B Infected Liver

Normal Hepatitis B

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Spread by exchange of blood or

other bodily fluids.Attacks the body’s immune

system.Can live in a dry environment

for only a few hours

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)> 1 million infections in U.S.138 cases of possible occupational

transmission

Infected persons may be asymptomatic for years.

Usually develops into Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Signs and Symptoms ofHIV and AIDSAfter infection a person will experience

flu-like symptoms, then they may become asymptomatic for years.

When symptoms do appear they are usually in the form of weight loss, fatigue, night sweats and fever.

As the disease progresses the infected person usually dies from an opportunistic infection or cancer due to their weakened immune system.

How Do You Protect Yourself?Exposure Control PlanUse the Universal

PrecautionWork Practice ControlsEngineering ControlsPersonal Protective

Equipment

Exposure Control PlanHepatitis B vaccinationPost exposure evaluation & follow-upCommunication and trainingRecordkeeping

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION

Treat all potentially infectious material as if it

contained bloodborne pathogens!

Work Practice ControlsControls that reduce the likelihood of

exposure by altering how a task is performed.

Examples:◦Washing hands after coming into contact with

potentially infectious materials.◦Not eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where

potentially infectious materials are located.◦Decontaminating work surfaces after use.

Housekeeping

Maintain a clean and sanitary workplace

Written cleaning and decontamination schedule

Contaminated waste disposal methods

Laundry

Engineering ControlsControls that reduce

employee exposure by either removing the hazard, or by isolating the employee.

Examples:◦Using a dust pan or tongs to

pick up broken glass.◦Using biohazard disposal

containers to dispose of potentially infectious materials.

Biohazard Bag

Personal Protective EquipmentSpecialized clothing or

equipment used for protection against infectious materials.

Examples:◦Gloves◦Protective Eyewear◦Face shields◦Mouthpieces and Resuscitation

DevicesAll PPE will be provided to you at

no personal cost.

PPE GlovesLatexNitrile VinylUtility

VaccinationsThe Hepatitis vaccination is given as

a series of three injections, whose schedule will be determined by a doctor.

The Hepatitis B vaccine prevents Hepatitis B in 85 – 95% of the people who get all three shots.

Hepatitis B VaccinationMake Hepatitis B vaccination available

»Declination statement required»Available at later date if desired

No cost to employeesReasonable time and placeIf series is interrupted, continue at any time

rather than restart series

RecordkeepingMedical records

»HBV vaccination status»Written medical opinion of exposure incidents

»Exposure incident details»Maintain for length of employment + 30 years

RecordkeepingTraining records

»Dates»Content summary»Trainer name & qualifications»Attendee’s names & job titles»Maintain for 3 years

If you are exposed:1. Wash cuts with soap and water.2. Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or

skin with water.3. Irrigate eyes with clean water or saline.

If you are exposed4. Notify your supervisor

immediately.5. Seek medical attention.6. Fill out a Supervisor’s

Injury/Exposure Report.7. Fill out an Affidavit of Possible

Exposure to Reportable Disease/Follow Up Form.

Questions?