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socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti
socialuri samuSao
seqsualuri umciresobebi qarTul realobaSi
saleqcio kursi: kulturuli mravalferovneba
leqtori: maia mgeliaSvili
studentebi: ana subeliani, ana baramiZe, nikoloz xarebava,
ilia guraspauli, Teona TodraZe
Tbilisi 2009
Sesavali
seqsualuri umciresobebis Tema dResdReobiT msoflios nebismier
qveyanaSi aqtualuria. bibliaSi naxsenebia termini mamaTmavloba, rac
imaze miuTiTebs, rom ramdenime aTasi wlis winadac ki arsebobda
sazogadoebaSi erTi da imave sqesis adamianTa Soris seqsualuri ltolva
da kavSiri, Tumca Riad amaze mxolod me-19 saukunis meore
naxevridan saubroben. aris es gadaxra, fsiqikuri aSlilobis Sedegi,
garyvnileba Tu ubralod seqsualuri orientacia? amaze sazogadoeba jer-
jerobiT ver SeTanmxda, Tumca erTi ram cxadia: yvela adamians aqvs
minimum arsebobis, xolo maqsimum TviTgamorkvevisa da
TviTrealizaciis ufleba, ganurCevlad kulturuli gansxvavebulobisa.
Tavs uflebas mivcemT da pirvel rigSi ganvmartavT seqsualur
orientaciaTa Soris gansxvavebebs:
homoseqsualizmi - adamianis seqsualuri ltolva imave sqesis
warmomadgenlis mimarT. sityva "homoseqsuali" hibridia berZnuli
prefiqsis "homo" (“msgavsi”, romelsac xSirad SecdomiT "mamakaci"-s
gviandel laTinur mniSvnelobas miaweren, rogorc mag. homo sapiens-
Si) da laTinuri fuZis "sex-", riTac miuTiTebs seqsualur kavSirze da
ltolvaze erTi sqesis warmomadgenelTa Soris.
homoseqsualoba miuTiTebs erTi sqesis or adamians Soris
seqsualur da romantiul ltolvaze. gacilebiT naklebadaa gavrcelebuli,
vidre msgavsi ltolva sapirispiro sqesis adamianebs Soris. termini
pirvelad gamoiyena karl-maria kertbenim 1869 wels da mas Semdeg is
gavlenas axdens seqsualuri orientaciis Tanamedrove koncefciis
ganviTarebaze, asocirdeba romantiul siyvarulsa da piradobasTan,
eqskluziurad seqsualur mniSvnelobasTan erTad.
homoseqsualobas, rogorc wesi, heteroseqsualobisa da
biseqsualobis sapirispirod ayeneben. zedsarTavi "homoseqsualuri"
gamoiyeneba aseve erTi sqesis adamianTa sqesobriv urTierTobaze.
anTropologebi homoseqsuluri urTierTobis sam ZiriTad formas
ansxvaveben, esenia: egalitaruli, genderul-struqturuli da asakobriv-
struqturuli. maT Soris erT-erTi, rogorc wesi, dominanturia mocemul
sazogadoebaSi da mocemul droSi. seqsisa da genderis gansxvavebuli
biologiuri, istoriuli da fsiqologiuri komponentebis gamo ar arsebobs
raime erTgvarovani gansazRvreba, romelic yvelas individualurad
mouxdeba.
gei – mamrobiTi sqesis adamiani, romelsac seqsualuri ltolva
aqvs imave sqesis warmomadgenlis mimarT.
lesboseli _ mdedrobiTi sqesis adamiani, romelsac seqsualuri
ltolva aqvs imave sqesis warmomadgenlis mimarT.
termini "gei" umTavresad gamoiyeneba mamakaci
homoseqsualebisTvis. lesboseli genderulad specifiuri terminia, romelic
mxolod homoseqsual qalTaTvis gamoiyeneba. enis stilis mravali
Tanamedrove saxelmZRvanelo winaaRmdegia "homoseqsualis" rogorc
arsebiTi saxelis gamoyenebis, romlis magivrad upiratesobas iseT
terminebs aniWebs, rogorebicaa "gei" da "lesboseli". aseve, zogierTi
am sityvis xmarebidan sruliad amoRebas arCevs, vinaidan man droTa
ganmavlobaSi uaryofiTi mniSvneloba SeiZina da aseve, iqidan
gamomdinarec, rom is mxolod seqsualur qcevaze miuTiTebs da ara
romantiul grZnobebze.
am koncefciis gavrcelebas xeli Seuwyo germaneli fsiqiatris,
rixard fraher fon kraft-ebingis 1886 wels gamoqveynebulma naSromma
"Psychopathia Sexualis". miuxedavad imisa, rom adreuli mwerlebi am
termins rogorc zedsarTavs xSirad iyenebdnen nebismieri erTi sqesis
konteqstisTvis (mag. vaJTa gimnazia, qalTa seminaria), amJamad
termini mxolod seqsualur orientacias gamoxatavs. Tumca arsebobs
aseve sityva romelic erTi sqesis siyvaruls aRniSnavs - homofilia.
heteroseqsualizmi – adamianis seqsualuri ltolva sapirispiro
sqesis warmomadgenlis mimarT.
biseqsualizmi – adamianis seqsualuri ltolva orive sqesis
warmomadgenlis mimarT.
miuxedavad mecnieruli dadasturebisa, rom homoseqsualebi
yvela aspeqtiT Cveulebrivi adamianebi arian, maT mimarT
sazogadoebaSi mainc Camoyalibda stigmatizirebuli damokidebuleba.
stigmis matarebeli adamiani diskreditirebulia, misi socialuri identoba ki
sazogadoebis mier gaufasurebuli. saqarTveloSi sakmaod
arasaxarbielo situaciaa am mxriv. aratradiciuli seqsualuri orientaciis
mqoneebi, rogorc wesi, SeniRbulebi arian. maT ar aqvT sakuTari Tavis
gamoxatvis, survilebisa da moTxovnilebebis realizebis saSualeba,
radgan qveyanaSi arsebuli kanonmdebloba, socialuri struqtura,
kulturuli normebi da faseulobebi ar asaxavs maT interesebs.
saqarTveloSi seqsualuri umciresobebi arCeven, Riad ar isaubron
TavianT seqsualur orientaciasa da cxovrebaze, raTa Tavidan aicilon am
Caketili, tradiciuli sazogadoebisgan maTken mimarTuli agresia.
miuxedavad amisa, isini mainc Zalian xSirad xdebian Zaladobis,
Seuracxyofis, uflebebis Selaxvisa da diskriminaciis msxverplni.
homoseqsualebi Cvens sazogadoebaSi marginalur jgufs
warmoadgenen. am mosazrebas amyarebs 2005 wels ganxorcielebuli
kvleva qarTuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobaTa
Sesafaseblad. sazogadoebidan gariyulobis gamo, homoseqsualebs
kidev ufro metad umZafrdebaT sakuTari jgufisadmi mikuTvnebulobis
gancda. swored am yvelafridan gamomdinare, maT aqvT midrekileba
emociuri darRvevebis, depresiisa da suicidisken.
seqsualur umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi imdenad
stigmatizirebulni arian, rom maTi Zalian mcire nawili akeTebs e.w.
“coming out”_s (igive aRiareba). gamokiTxul iqna 120 homoseqsuali, ris
Sedegadac armoCnda, rom maTi mxolod 13%-ia gaxsnili ojaxTan, 15%
kolegebTan, 18% mezoblebTan da 33% ki, megobrebTan.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, homoseqsualebis aseTi Caketiloba da
SezRuduli cxovrebis wesi sazogadoebis cru da agresiuli
damokidebulebebiTaa gamowveuli.
homoseqsualizmi: buneba Tu
aRzrda
uamravi kvleva aCvenebs, rom seqsualuri prioritetebis
ganmapirobebeli nawilobrivad mainc aris genetika. am kuTxiT kvlevebi
ZiriTadad xorcieldeboda monozigoturi da dizigotur tyupebis SedarebiT.
homoseqsuali mamakacebisa da lezboselebis Seswavla mniSvnelovnad
met Tanxvedras aCvenebda monozigoturi tyupebis SemTxvevaSi, vidre
dizigotur tyupebSi. eqsperimentatorebi tyupebidan moiZiebdnen
calkeul homoseqsual mamakacebsa da qalebs da Semdeg maTgan
iRebdnen informacias maTi tyupiscalebis seqsualuri orientaciis
Sesaxeb. Sedegebma aCvena, rom qalebSi monozigoturi tyupebis 48%-
is orive tyupiscali lesboseli iyo, dizigoturis ki _ 16%-is orive tyupiscali.
mamakacebSi monozigoturi tyupebis 52%-is orive tyupiscali
homoseqsuali iyo, dizigoturis ki _ 22%-is orive tyupiscali.
aqve Cndeba erTi kontrargumenti, ramac am kvlevis Sedegebi
SeiZleba gaaqarwylos. monozigoturi tyupebi SeiZleba izrdebodnen ufro
metad identur pirobebSi, vidre dizigoturebi. monozigotur tyupebs
mSoblebi ufro erTnairad epyrobian da maT seqsualur orientaciaSi aseTi
Tanxvedra SeiZleba garkveulwilad aRzrdis saerTo tipsac mivaweroT.
miuxedavad Catarebuli kvlevebisa da mecnierTa Zalian didi
davisa, mainc ar SegviZlia calsaxad davaskvnaT, Tu romeli faqtori ufro
metad ganapirobebs seqsualur orientacias, genetika Tu aRzrda.
homofobia
homofobia _ (berZn. ὁμοφοβία — ὁμοιος homoios – „igive“, „toli“
daφόβος fobos – „SiSi“) usafuZvlo SiSi, gandgoma, an diskriminacia
homoseqsualobisa da homoseqsualTa mimarT. gamomdinareobs
sityvebisgan homoseqsuali da fobia.
mecnierebma homofobiis Seswavla mxolod gasuli saukunis
samocdaaTian wlebSi daiwyes. mas Semdeg, rac 1973 wels, amerikis
fsiqologTa asociaciam homoseqsualoba fsiqikur daavadebaTa siidan
amoiRo, isini seriozulad dainteresdnen mizezebiT, romlebic
ganapirobebs Zlier negatiur ganwyobas homoseqsualobis mimarT.
evroparlamentis 2006 wlis 18 ianvars miRebul rezoluciaSi termini
homofobia asea ganmartebuli: "homofobia warmoadgens
winaswarganwyobaze dafuZnebul iracionalur SiSsa da siZulvils
lesboselebis, geebis, biseqsualobisa da transgenderi
adamianebis mimarT da msgavsia rasizmis, qsenofobiis,
antisemitizmsa da seqsizmisa".
im SiSis an zizRis aRsawerad, romelsac adamianebi geebis an
homoseqsualuri qcevis mimarT ganicdian, termini homofobia pirvelad
fsiqoTerapevtma jorj vainbergma gamoiyena.. man sakiTxi vrclad
ganixila Tavis wignSi “sazogadoeba da jansaRi homoseqsuali”.
vainbergi homofobias iseve aRwerda rogorc sxva, rigiT fobias:
"homofobia, es Cveulebrivi fobiaa. avadmyofuri da iracionaluri
SiSi, romelic vlindeba iracionalur qcevaSi, adamianis survilSi -
gaanadguros wyaro, rasac misi SiSi ukavSirdeba. vinaidan am
konkretul SemTxvevaSi, SiSis wyaros adamianebi
warmoadgenen, homofobiuri reaqcia Zalian xSirad sastik
mopyrobaSi vlindeba". Tumca, homofobiis gansazRvreba im
mniSvnelobiT, romliTac dRes iyeneben, ufro farToa, vidre misi
vainbergiseuli axsna.
homofibia moicavs heteroseqsizms da seqsualur
winaswarganwyobas, es orive termini aratradiciuli seqsualuri
orientaciis adamianiebis mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebulebis aRsawerad
gamoiyeneba, Tumca maT Soris mainc aris gansxvaveba.
“heteroseqsizmi” uaryofs, cils swamebs da devnis araheteroseqsualuri
qcevis nebismier formas, pirovnebas, urTierTobas an sazogadoebas.
seqsualuri winaswarganwyoba naklebi agresiulobiT xasiaTdeba, Tumca
isic uaryofiT damokidebulebas atarebs lgbt adamianebis mimarT.
lgbt- lesbi, gei, bi, trans seqsualebi, es termini gamoiyeneba yvela
seqsualuri umciresobis erTad aRsaniSnad.
sazogadoebaSi homofobiis xarisxis gasazomad Catarebulma
erTerTma kvlevam, aseTi Sedegebi daafiqsira: 363 gamokiTxuli
mozardidan 68% ,,aucileblad“ an ,,nawilobriv“ daeTanxma
debulebas: ,,seqsi or mamakacs Soris aSkara garyvnilebaa”; maTi 64%
ki ,,aucileblad“ an ,,nawilobriv“ daeTanxma debulebas: ,,seqsi or qals
Soris aSkara garyvnilebaa.“
sazogadoebaSi arsebuli homofobia aisaxeba lgbt adamianebis
cxovrebazec, isini adamianebisgan uaryofiTi damokidebulebis da
diskriminaciis acilebis mizniT xelovnurad iqcevian heteroseqsualurad
da uaryofen TavianT realur orientacias, an piriqiT, zog SemTxvevaSi
amayoben kidec TavianTi gansxvavebulobiT.
internalizebuli homofobia (anu egodistonikuri homofobia) rogorc
wesi, miuTiTebs homoseqsualTa mier sakuTari Tavis an sxva
msgavsTa mimarT homofobiaze. misi damaxasiaTebelia sakuTari
seqsualuri orientaciis mimarT diskomforti da uaryofa. aseT
mdgomareobas Tan axlavs homoseqsualuri vnebebis mwvave represia,
SeiZleba gamovlindes religiuri da socialuri rwmenebis mimarT Sinagani
winaaRmdegoba. Sinagani winaaRmdegoba ki xSir SemTxvevaSi
iwvevs klinikur depresias, rasac SeiZleba TviTmkvlelobac ki mohyves,
gansakuTrebiT Tineijerul asakSi.
bevri homoseqsuali am problemisgan Tavis daRwevis mizniT
garkveul etapze ubralod Tavs ikavebs homoseqsualuri urTierTobisgan
da mimarTavs aseqsualuri cxovrebis praqtikas.
homofobiis gamomwvevi mizezebi
mecnierebi homofobiis Seswavlisas ZiriTad aqcents mis
gavlenaze akeTebdnen da naklebi yuradReba eqceoda mis
gamomwvev mizezebs. faqtia, rom aramarto calkeuli adamianebi,
aramed mTliani sazogadoebebi aris homofobiuri. konis azriT
sazogadoebaSi homofobiis gamomwvevi ki SeiZleba iyos:
1. socialuri da kulturuli Semwynareblobis done
sazogadoebaSi;
2. seqsualuri SfoTvis maRali xarisxi – rac ufro tabuirebulia
sazogadoebaSi seqsualurobis Tema miT ufro maRalia homofobiis
done.
3. seqsizmis, genderuli da sqesobrivi Sovinizmis done
sazogadoebaSi – maskulinobis kulti aramarto qalebis
winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli, aramed aratradiciuli seqsualuri
orientaciis mqone adamianebis mimarT.
4. religiuroba da misi damokidebuleba homoseqsualizmTan;
5. sazogadoebaSi seqsualuri kulturisa da ganaTlebis done –
ganaTlebis maRali done adamianebs exmareba crurwmenebis ar
miRebasa da maT gadalaxvaSi.
6. socio-politikuri faqtorebi _ socialuri problemebis dros
mZafrdeba heteroseqsizmi, radgan adamianebs sWirdebaT xiluli
mtris xatis an gantevebis vacis povna da advilad SesaZlebelia
moraluri panikis Seqmna. zemoaRniSnuli faqtorebi
moqmedeben rogorc individSi, aseve sazogadoebaSi homofobiis
Camoyalibebaze, romelic SeiZleba metad an naklebad
gamovlindes. homofobiis simZafris Sesafaseblad ki arsebobs
gordon olportis mier Seqmnili Skala, romelSic homofobia sam
doneze fasdeba:
1. verbaluri uaryofa – lgbt adamianebis Sesaxeb sibinZuris
saubari, maTi damcireba da cinizmi.
2. diskriminacia – lgbt adamianebis, rogorc
Tanasworuflebiani moqalaqeebis ar aRiareba.
3. fizikuri Zaladoba – fizikuri agresiis gamoxatva lgbt
adamianebis mimarT, maTi cema, mokvla.
Zalian sainteresoa homofobiis fsiqologiuri safuZvlia gaSuqeba.
fsiqoanalitikos zigmund froidis azriT, yvela homofobi aris represirebuli
homoseqsuali, Tumca am azrs bevri uaryofs. jorjiis universitetSi 1996
wels Catarebulma kvlevam daadastura froidis azri. warmogidgenT
am kvlevas:
kvlevaSi monawileobda kolejis 64 mamakaci studenti, romelTagan
TiToeuli sakuTar Tavs afasebda, rogorc ,,calsaxad heteroseqsuals“.
studentebma Seavses 25-debulebiani kiTxvari, romelic zomavda
homofobiis xarisxs. am skalis monacemebis mixedviT, 29 studenti
miiCnies arahomofobikad, 35 studenti _ homofobikad. eqsperimentis
Semdeg fazaSi studentebs aCvenes heteroseqsualuri, lesbosuri da
mamakacTa homoseqsualuri aqtebis videoCanawerebi. TiToeuli
studentis reaqcia Canawerebze izomeboda mowyobilobiT, romelic
afiqsirebda maTi penisis garSemowerilobis cvlilebebs. monacemebis
mixedviT, ar gansxvavdeboda heteroseqsualur da lesbosur aqtebze
homofobikTa da arahomofobikTa reaqciebi, Tumca, homofobikur
mamakacebs mniSvnelovnad meti aRgzneba aReniSnebodaT
mamakacTa homoseqsualuri aqtebis yurebisas.
warmodgenili kleva migviTiTebs imaze, rom homoseqsualTa
mimarT mamakacebis Zalian Zlieri uaryofiTi damokidebulebis
ganmapirobebeli SeiZleba iyos maTi mxridan sakuTari
homoseqsualurobis aRiarebis SiSi.
homofobiur sazogadoebaSi xSirad iseTi adamianebi, vinc mxars
uWeren an dadebiT ganwyobas gamoxataven homoseqsualTa
mimarT, Tavad inaTlebian homoseqsualebad. magaliTad politikoss,
romelic homoseqsualTa uflebebis dasacavad gamodis, SeiZleba
homoseqsualis iarliyi miakran, amis Tavidan asarideblad ki es
politikosi Seecdeba, Tavisi azri ar gamoTqvas.
Zalian Znelia qveyanaSi aRmoifxvras homofobia, amas Zalian
frTxili da drouli nabijebis gadadgma Wirdeba, rogorc Tavad lgbt
moZraobis aseve sxvadasxva organizaciebis mxridan. Cvens
qveyanaSic sakmaod “mZimedaa modebuli” homofobia. es pirvel
rigSi gamowveulia im cru Sexedulebebis arsebobiT romlebic
gavrcelebulia adamianebSi.
amJamad qarTuli sazogadoeba ar aris momwifebuli magaliTad,
homoseqsualTa qorwinebis, sajarod gamovlenili homoseqsualuri
urTierTobebis misaRebad da albaT swored lgbt adamianebs SeuZliaT
TavianTi momxreebis daxmarebiT daamsxvrion sazogadoebaSi
arsebuli homofobia, am miznisken mimavali pirveli nabiji ki SeiZleba
iyos Sinagani homofobiis gadalaxva Tavad homoseqsualebSi. dominik
dvaisis azriT amisTvis saWiroa:
sakuTari Tavis miReba iseTad, rogoric is aris; TviTbraldebis
tendenciis gadalaxva rogorc sakuTar TavSi, ise sxvebSi;
izolaciis negatiuri Sedegebis gacnobiereba da
garSemomyofebTan axlo urTierTobebis damyareba;
diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg brZola (sakuTari Sexedulebebis
Riad gamoTqma; Cagvris negatiuri Sedegebis xazgasma;
dadebiTi roluri modelebis Seqmna da demonstrireba;
diskriminirebulTa mxardaWera da sxv).
rogorc ukve zemoT aRvniSneT, homofobiis ganmapirobebeli xSir
SemTxvevaSi aris sazogadoebaSi arsebuli miTebi Tu stereotipebi
homoseqsualebis Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi arsebuli homoseqsualebis
mimarTac arsebobs garkveuli mcdari, specifikuri xasiaTis
warmodgenebi.
warmogidgenT am miTebis arasrul CamonaTvals:
homoseqsualoba daavadebaa, romelic mkurnalobis
Sedegad SeiZleba ganikurnos.
fsiqologebi da fsiqiatrebi erTxmad acxadeben, rom
homoseqsualizmi araa daavadeba, fsiqikuri aSliloba an emociuri
problema. es mosazreba aRiarebulia iseTi organizaciebis mier,
rogorebicaa amerikis fsiqologTa asociacia, amerikis fsiqiatriuli
asociacia da msoflio jandacvis organizacia.
geisa da lesboselis amocnoba yovelTvis SeiZleba maT
vizualur mxareebze dakvirvebiT. yvela gei zedmetad
impulsuri da emociuri mamakacia, lezboselebi ki,
mamakacuri manerebisa da qcevebis mqone qalebi arian.
homoseqsual mamakacTa nawils marTlac axasiaTebs garkveuli
qaluri qcevebi, Tumca isini am orientaciis adamianTa mxolod
15%-s Seadgenen. arc mamakacuri garegnobis Tu manerebis
mqone lezboselTa ricxvia didi. aseTi warmodgenebi xSir
SemTxvevaSi ukavSirdeba mcdar warmodgenebs feminuroba-
maskulinarulobis Sesaxeb.
homoseqsualizmi damangreveli movlenaa, emuqreba
qveynis momavals da demografiuli katastrofis winapirobaa.
gavrcelebulia mosazreba, rom homoseqsualebs ar hyavT Svilebi
da rom isini reproduqciis unars arian moklebulebi. Tumca
praqtika gviCvenebs, rom homoseqsualTa umetesoba imyofeba
heteroseqsualur qorwinebaSi, aqvTYgamravlebis unari da rogorc
wesi, Zalian kargi mSoblebi arian..
homoseqsualTa ricxvi gaizrdeba, Tu sazogadoeba erTxmad
ar ganacxadebs, rom heteroseqsualoba urTierTobis
erTaderT gamarTlebul formas warmoadgens.
garkveul kulturaSi arsebuli damokidebulebebi homoseqsualTa
mimarT, gansazRvravs mxolod maT xilvadobas (coming out-s) da
ara maT realur raodenobas.
yvela homoseqsuali uwesrigo seqsualur cxovrebas eweva.
maTSi ar arseboben monogamiuri wyvilebi.
heteroseqsualebis msgavsad, homoseqsualebSic moduri gaxda
monogamiuri urTierTobebi. zogierT ganviTarebul qveyanaSi isini
qorwindebian, ayavT an xelovnuri ganayofierebis gziT aCenen
bavSvebs. zogierTi kvleva imasac ki amtkicebs, rom
homoseqsualebi heteroseqsualebze ufro metad xasiaTdebian
iseTi TvisebiT, rogoricaa erTguleba.
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi homoseqsualebi dasavluri modis
zegavleniT icvlian orientacias.
es mosazreba ganpirobebulia adamianebis aramyari
warmodgeniT homoseqsualizmis garSemo. maT ar aqvT codna
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gansxvavebaa seqsualur orientaciasa da
qcevas Soris. seqsualuri orientacia moicavs adamianis
grZnobebs da emociebs, misi Secvla SeuZlebelia. miuxedavad
imisa, adamiani axorcielebs Tu ara Tavisi seqsualuri
orientaciisTvis adekvatur seqsualur qcevas, misi orientacia
ganisazRvreba mainc Tavisi grZnobebis da imis mixedviT, Tu
romeli sqesis adamianebis mimarT ganicdis Sinagan mizidulobas.
garda amisa, is mosazreba, rom homoseqsualizmi dasavleTidan
modis, absoluturad usafuZvloa, radgan is istoriulad aRmosavluri
kulturisTvis ufro metad iyo damaxasiaTebeli.
Sou-biznessa da politikaSi arsebobs homoseqsualebis
mafia, romelic heteroseqsualebs karieris gakeTebaSi uSlis
xels.
ar arsebobs profesia, romelsac mxolod homo an
heteroseqsualebi atareben. ubralod warmoudgenelia, rom lgbt
adamianebma sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis romelime sferos
totaluri kontroli SeZlon, radgan isini yvela sazogadoebis
absolutur umciresobas warmoadgenen. “cisferi mafiis” arsebobis
gancda sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba gaCndes im martivi mizezis
gamo, rom iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa Sou-biznesi, xelovneba da
sxva, homoseqsualTa mimarT ufro tolerantulebi arian, vidre sxva
sferoebSi. es ganapirobebs maT gaxsnilobas am sazogadoebaSi
da Sesabamisad warmatebasac. garda amisa, unda aRiniSnos,
rom homoseqsualebi xSir SemTxvevaSi Zalian niWieri da
mizandasaxuli adamianebi arian.
seqsualuri eqsperimentebi saSiSi movlenaa. Tuki Tqven
erTxel mainc geqnebaT homoseqsualuri kontaqti (Tundac
nebis winaaRmdeg), Tqveni seqsualuri orientacia
Seicvleba.
eTnografiaSi arsebobs ritualuri homoseqsualobis araerTi
magaliTi, rodesac mamakacebs kulturaSi arsebuli wes-
Cveulebebidan da tradiciebidan gamomdinare uwevdaT,
ganexorcielebinaT homoseqsualuri qceva. miuxedavad amisa,
am kulturis zrdasrul mamakacTa umetesoba heteroseqsuali iyo.
aseve, iseT Caketil homogenur sivrceebSi, rogorebicaa cixe da
jari, ZaladobiT ganxorcielebuli aqti Zalauflebis demonstrirebis
forma aris xolme da aranairi kavSiri ar aqvs homoseqsualizmTan.
Eeklesiisa da mediis roli sazogadoebaSi
homofobiuri ganwyobis CamoyalibebaSi
qarTuli sazogadoebis homofobia, albaT, upirvelesyovlisa
gamowveulia sazogadoebis azrze religiis didi zegavleniT. eklesiis
pozicia da “Careva” aratradiciuli seqsualuri orientaciebis Sesaxeb
mkveTrad uaryofiTia. es umTavresad religiis damokidebulebis
problemaa da mxolod amis Semdeg iZens socialur mniSvnelobas.
agreTve umniSvnelovanesia saqarTveloSi odiTganve arsebuli tradiciuli
ojaxis kulti, esec erT-erTi mTavari mizezia qarTuli sazogadoebis
aramimReblobisa seqsualuri umciresobebis mimarT.
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mediasac umniSvnelovanesi roli aqvs
sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi, araa gasakviri qarTuli
sazogadoebis homofobiuri damokidebuleba aratradiciuli seqsualuri
orientaciis mimarT, radganac media tradiciuli idelogiebis matarebelia,
stereotipebis gamavrcelebeli da homoseqsualebze informaciis
gavrcelebisas Zalian xSirad arakompetenturic ki. homoseqsualebze
televizorSi Jurnalistebisgan xSirad ismis gamonaTqvamebi: “dasavluri
moda”, “XXI sakunis aRviraxsniloba”, “garyvnileba” da sxva mravali
msgavsi. swored am fenomenis Sesaswavlad, fondma inkluzivma
ganaxorciela beWdviTi mediis analizi, romlis mizanic presaSi
homoseqsualTa reprezentirebis kvleva iyo.
sabWoTa kavSiris iseTi totalitaruli reJimis fonze, romelSic
saqarTvelos uwevda ganviTarebis sakmaod didi gzis gavla nebismiseri
saxis pluralizmze saubaric ki zedmeti iyo. araTu homoseqsualur,
aramed am kulturaSi “normalurad” aRiarebul seqsualur qcevaze
saubaric ki mkacrad izRudeboda. 90-iani wlebidan nel-nela tabu
moixsna. am mxriv pirveli nabiji gadadga imdroindelma gazeTma
“Sansma”, romelmac prostituciaze gaakeTa statia, Tumca imdroindeli
qarTuli sazogadoeba mainc imdenad Caketili iyo, rom gazeTi eklesiam
anaTemas gadasca. miuxedavad amisa, sajaro saubrebi seqssze nel-
nela, magram mainc daiwyo.
termini homoseqsualizmi pirvelad SidsTan da prostituciasTan
dakavSirebiT mimdinare msjelobebSi gvxvdeba. aseve, Zalian didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi es termini presaSi fiqsirdeba mxolod sazRvargareT
moRvawe Sou-biznesis warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb ucxo presidan
naTargmn masalebSi.
2000 wlidan homoseqsualizmma presaSi ukve politikuri xasiaTi
miiRo. xSiradaa statiebi ukiduresad homofobiuri saTaurebiT:
“saqarTvelos homoseqsualistebi marTaven”, “miuxedavad imisa, rom
“cisferebi” ar mravldebian, isini sakmaod momravldnen”, “cisferidan-
Savamde... politikuri palitra”, “metakune evropeli vaJkacebi”, “xalxis
mtrebi, sukis agentebi da... pederastebi”... amgvari mkveTri
gaaqtiureba mediisa, emTxveva 1999-2003 wlebSi xelisuflbaSi
ZalauflebaTa gadanawilebis process. garkveuli politikuri jgufebi Tavis
damkvidrebas da isedac homofobiuri sazogadoebis keTilganwyobis
mopovebas homoseqsualebis xarjze cdilobdnen. am periodSi televiziis
saSualebiT xSirad moismendiT iseT mkvTr da homoseqsualTa mimarT
ukiduresi siZulviliT gajerebul gamonaTqvamebs,
rogorebicaa:P”avadmyofi akvanSive unda mokla”, “homoseqsualebi
erT gemze unda Seyaro da zRvaSi CaaxrCo” da sxv.
vardebis revoluciis Semdeg am Temis politikur WrilSi ganxilva
aRar xdeboda. nel-nela homoseqsuali “ucxodan” “Seryvnil da
daavadebul” “Cvenad” iqca. am periodSi Serbilda homoseqsualebis
mimarT gamonaTqvamebi, pirdapiri agresiuli mowodebebi ironiulma
teqstebma Caanacvla.
kvlevam daadgina, rom mediaSi homofobia problemad ki ar
aRiqmeba, aramed erTaderT jansaR politikadaa miCneuli. Tavad
termini “homofobia” mxolod erTgan gvxvdeba. sainteresoa, rom
lesboselebis, bi an transeqsualebis mimarT ar aris gamoxatuli agresia
im doziT, rogor gei mamakacebisadmi, rac albaT Cvens kulturaSi
arsebuli agresiuli maskulinobis kultiTaa gamowveuli.
mediaSi homoseqsualizmze saubroben zogadad da ara calkeul
SemTxvevebze dayrdnobiT, an Semoifarglebian ucxoeli cnobili
adamianebis istoriebiT, rac kidev ufro amyarebs sazogadoebaSi im
mcdar warmodgenas, rom homoseqsualis wyaro dasavleTSi unda
veZeboT. yviTeli presa zogjer axdens qarTveli homoseqsualebis
interviuirebas, Tumca ZiriTadad amas prostituciasTan an kriminalTan
mimarTebaSi aSuqeben, rac mTeli jgufis mimarT sazogadoebis uaryofiT
damokidebulebas da SiSs kidev ufro amZafrebs.
miuxedavad nebismier sazogadoebaSi arsebuli homofobiis
garkveuli xarisxisa, msoflio mainc ibrZvis am socialuri senis
winaaRmdeg. arsebobs msoflio dRe homofobiis winaaRmdeg – 17
maisi, romelsac safuZveli 2005 wels Caeyara da aRiniSna 40-ze met
qveyanaSi. 2006 wlidan es dRe saqarTveloSic aRiniSneba. 1990 wlis 17
maiss jandacvis msoflio organizaciam homoseqsualoba fsiqikuri
daavadebebis siidan amoiRo, amdenad homoseqsualTTaTvis isic
erTerT mniSvnelovan istoriul TariRadaa miCneulia. 1 ivnisi ki
saqarTveloSi homoseqsualobis dekriminalizaciis dRea.
seqsualur umciresebobebTan
momuSave organizaciebi
saqarTveloSi seqsualur umciresobebTan momuSave
organizaciebiT ganebivrebulebi ar varT, kerZod, mxolod sam oficialur
organizacias mivageniT, esenia: inkluzivi, saxalxo damcvelis aparati da
axalgazarda iuristTa asociacia, aqedan ukanaskneli ori uflebebis
dacviTa da advokatirebiT Semoifargleba, xolo inkluzivi am mxriv metad
mravalferovania.
fondi “inkluzivi” daarsda 2006 wlis agvistoSi, Svidi adamianis
mier, is aris evropis sabWos iniciativiT Seqmnili arasamTvarobo
organizacia, gawevrianebulia evropis “lesboselTa da geebis
saerTaSoriso asociaciaSi”.
fondis misiasFwarmoadgens iseTi sazogadoebis aRmSeneblobis
xelSewyoba, romelSicONseqsualuri orientacia da genderuli
TviTgamoxatva ar iqneba diskriminaciis safuZveli. inkluzivis mizans
warmoadgens qarTul sazogadoebaSi lgbt adamianebis sruli integracia
maTi samoqalaqo aqtivobis gazrdis, uflebebis dacvisa da
sazogadoebaSi homofobiis daZlevis gziT. am miznis gansaxorcieleblad
fondi Tavis saqmianobas sxvadasxva mimarTulebebiT warmarTavs,
esenia:
lgbt adamianebisTvis Tanabari uflebebisa da
SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa maTi advokatirebisa da
lobirebis gziT;
lgbt-TaTvis fsiqologiuri da iuridiuli daxmarebis gaweva
konsultirebisa da advokatirebis gziT;
lgbt jgufis gaZlierebis xelSewyoba jgufis wevrTa
informirebulobis amaRlebis, stigmis daZlevisa da
iniciativebis daZlevis gziT;
qveyanaSi arsebuli homofobiis Sesusteba lgbt adamianebis
Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebis gziT;
lgbt sakiTxebze samecniero-kvleviTi bazis Seqmnis
xelSewyoba kvlevebis, seminarebisa da konferenciebis
organizebis gziT;
lgbt jgufSi cxovrebis jansaRi wesis danergva sainformacio
kampaniis warmarTvis, Tavdacvis saSualebebis
popularizaciisa da gavrcelebis gziT.
inkluzivi sakmaod mcire organizaciaa, mas sami saStato
TanamSromeli hyavs: direqtori, seqsologi da fsiqologi. organizaciaSi
termini seqsualuri umciresobebi miuRebelia, isini am termins mcire
diskriminaciad miiCneven da amjobineben am jgufis lgbt-d
moxseniebas. marTalia es sakmaod tabuirebuli da damaluli Temaa
saqarTveloSi, magram organizaciam SeZlo dabrkolebebis miuxedavad
am jgufis wevrebisaTvis sakuTari momsaxurebebis nayofierad
miwodeba. am mcire organizacias aqvs saxvadasxva tipis
momsaxureba, romelTac fondis simciris gamo marto ver umklavdeba.
inkluzivi TanamSromlobs adgilobriv arasamTvarobo organizaciebTan,
romelTan erTadac lgbt jgufis wevrebs uwevs sxvadasxva
momsaxurebas, rogorebicaa konsultacia, advokatireba, socialuri
RonisZiebebi, treiningebis, seminarebis, konferenciebisa da
konkursebis organizeba.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom fond “inkluzivis” iniciativiTa da
xelSewyobiT, ukve meoTxe welia gamoicema Jurnali “me”, erTaderTi
lgbt gamocema, romelic sazogadoebis cnobierebisa da
informirebulobis amaRlebiskenaa mimarTuli. Jurnali ufasod rigdeba lgbt
mkiTxvelebisTvis...
homoseqsualizmis samarTlebrivi
aspeqtebi
msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi seqsualuri umciresobebis dacva
gansxvavebulad xdeba. es garkveulwilad damokidebulia qveynebis
ganviTarebis doneze. maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi seqsualuri
umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi sakmaod farTo uflebebiT
sargebloben, dabalganviTarebuli qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT.
amJamad, msoflios 85 qveyanaSi homoseqsualuri aqti dasjadia,
maTgan 9 qveyanaSi ki, isjeba sikvdiliT (avRaneTi, arabeTis
gaerTianebuli saemiro, irani, saudis arabeTi, pakistani, nigeria,
mavritania, iemeni da sudani.)
saqarTveloSi 1933 wlidan homoseqsualizmi dasjadi iyo (iseve,
rogorc mTels sabWoTa kavSirSi). misi dekriminalizacia moxda 2000
wlis 1 ivniss evropis sabWoSi wevrobis moTxovnebis
dasakmayofileblad.
fondma ,,inkluzivma” Caatara kvleva im sferoebze, sadac
seqsualuri umciresobis warmomadgenlebis uflebebi isaxeba, an unda
hpovebdnen asaxvas. amiT SesaZlebeli xdeba dadgindes Tu ramdenad
aris gaTvaliswinebuli kanonSi aucilebeli garantiebi diskriminaciis
Tavidan asacileblad. esenia:
• diskriminacia;
• sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba;
• jgufisadmi siZulvilze damyarebuli danaSauli/gamonaTqvamebi;
• migracia, gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba da TavSesafris Zieba;
• informaciis miRebis, azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba;
• sazogadoebrivi kavSirebisa da Sekrebebis Tavisufleba;
• piradi da ojaxuri cxovreba;
• janmrTelobis dacvis, sqesobrivi da reproduqciuli uflebebi;
• genderuli identoba.
yvelaze mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi dokumentis_ saqarTvelos
konstituciis me-14 muxliDexeba diskriminaciis akrZalvas: ,,yvela
adamiani dabadebiT Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe Tanasworia
ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da
sxva Sexedulebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebisa,
warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli
adgilisa.” es muxli ar moicavs konkretulad ,,seqsualur orientacias”,
amitom arsebobs albaToba imisa, rom swored am dazustebis arqona
gamoiwvevs diskriminacias seqsualuri orientaciis niadagze,
miuxedavad imisa, rom amave konstituciis 39-e muxli ar uaryofs
adamianis im uflebebs, romlebic masSi ar aris moxseniebuli.
adamianis uflebebis evropuli konvenciis me-12 oqmSi
naxsenebia, rom seqsualuri orientaciis gamo diskriminacia
dauSvebelia. es oqmi xelmowerili da ratificirebulia saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier, rac gulisxobs nebismieri saxis diskrminaciis
akrZalvas. Tumca, mainc maRalia diskriminaciis done seqsualuri
umciresobebis mimarT, radgan saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba am kuTxiT
ar aris saTanadod gamarTuli. Tavad kanonmdebloba didwilad uwyobs
xels diskriminaciuli xasiaTis aqtebis dakanonebas, rogoricaa,
magaliTad: sisxlis donorobaze uaris Tqma homoseqsualobis
gamo. ,,saqarTvelos kanonSi sisxlisa da misi komponentebis donorobis
Sesaxeb” ar aris dawesebuli amgvari SezRudvebi, Tumca, Sromis,
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris #241 brZanebis mixedviT,
donorobis uflebis armqonea Sidsis riskis iseTi jgufebi,
rogorebicaa ,,homoseqsualizmi, narkomania, prostitucia, alkoholizmi,
tatuireba, nemsis Cxvleta”. aRsaniSnavia, rom homoseqsualizmi
pirvelia CamonaTvalSi da TavisTavad diskriminaciulia, radganac
seqsualuri umciresobebi daavadebaTa gverdiTaa moxseniebulia.
garda amisa, erTi sqesis wyvils ar aqvs Svilad ayvanis ufleba.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1106_e muxliT erTi sqesis wyvilebs CamorTmeuli
aqvT qorwinebis ufleba, miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos
konstituciis 36-e muxli, aseT SezRudvas ar awesebs.
seqsualuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi xSirad ganicdian
Zaladobas ojaxis wevrebis an sxva pirTa mxridan. Zaladobisgan maTi
dacvis kuTxiT saqarTveloSi ratificirebuli saerTaSoriso dokumentebidan
SegviZlia ganvixiloT:
• adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia;
• adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvencia;
• saerTaSoriso aqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb.
Zalian mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia,
romelic 1948 wels Seiqmna. is aris pirveli dokumenti, romlis
Tanaxmadac adamians aqvs sabaziso uflebebi, romlis
xelyofac aravis SeuZlia da amasTanave yvela adamiani Tanasworia.
deklaraciis me-3 muxlis mixedviT arcerT pirs ar aqvs ufleba
SezRudos sxva adamianis Tavisufleba da aiZulos igi, rom
Seesabamebodes sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebul standartebsa da
normebs.
me-12 muxli gulisxmobs adamianis Tavisuflebas piradi cxovrebis
stilis arCevisas. es ki niSnavs imas, rom adamianis Tavisufal nebazea
damokidebuli, Seqmnis standartul ojaxs Tu misive sqesis
warmomadgenelTan icxovrebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi aravis aqvs ufleba
moaxdinos misi Rirsebisa da pirovnebis Seuracxyofa. Tu moviyvanT
Cveni qveynis magaliTs, sadac seqsualuri umciresobebi miuRebelia,
bevri aseTi adamiani iZulebiT gadasaxlda sazRvargareT, sazogadoebis
damokidebulebis gamo. xSir SemTxvevaSi isini malaven wasvlis realur
mizezebs.
aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
evropuli konvencia, romlis me_2 muxlis mixedviT, Tu qveyanaSi
arsebobs diskriminaciis safrTxe, riskis jgufSi Semavali adamianebi
aucileblad unda iqnen daculni Sesabamisi kanoniT. aseTi kanonebis
Seqmna aucileblad unda uzrunvelyos saxelmwifom.
konvenciis me-3 muxlSi saubaria, imaze rom aravis aqvs ufleba
Selaxos sxvisi Rirseba, pirovnuloba, miuxedavad imisa Tu ramdenad
ewinaaRmdegeba es mis Sexedulebebs.
me-5 muxlis mixedviT, yvela adamians aqvs usafrTxoebis ufleba.
gansakuTrebiT isini, vinc mowyvlad jgufebs miekuTvnebian, Tavs unda
grZnobdnen daculad da saxelmwifom udna uzrunvelyos maTi
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva.
me-13 muxlSi naTqvamia, rom adamianis uflebebis Selaxvis
SemTxvevaSi, pasuxismgebloba ekisreba erovnul xelisuflebas, magram
saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs araTu sanqciebi, romlebic moyveba
diskriminacias seqsualuri umciresobebis mimarT, aramed ar arsebobs
adekvaturi kanonmdeblobac.
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso dokumentia paqti
samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb, romelic gaerom 1966 wels
miiRo. igi icavs:
1. adamianis sicocxlis uflebas;
2. piradi xelSeuxeblobis uflebas;
3. pirovnebis Tavisuflebas;
4. diskriminaciis dauSveblobas.
am paqtSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa adamianTa
TviTgamorkvevis ufleba, romelic, ase vTqvaT, inovacia iyo am
dokumentisTvis da romlis pativiscemac evalebaT paqtze xelmomwer
qveynebs. garda amisa, gaeros paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri
uflebebis Sesaxeb moicavs im uflebebs, romelic exeba dacvis
saWiroebis mqone mowyvlad jgufebs.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier ratificirebuli dokumentebidan
aRsaniSnavia bavSvTa uflebaTa dacvis sayovelTao deklaracia, romelSic
gadmocemulia bavSvebis uflebebi, magram masSic ki araa raime
naTqvami bavSvobaSi gamovlenil arastandartul seqsualur orientaciaze,
ris gamoc bavSvebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi ganicdian diskriminacias ojaxSi,
skolaSi, ezoSi da sxva. es ki iwvevs uamrav fsiqosocialur problemas,
Caketilobas, stress da a.S. amitom, am problemas Tavidanve udna
mieqces saTanado yuadReba, safuZvelSive unda iqnes bavSvTa
uflebebi daculi, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi.
mniSvnelovani faqtia is, rom saqarTveloSi arsebobs ,,kanoni
pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb”, romelic exeba adamianis uflebebis
dacvas janmrTelobis dacvis sferoSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom am kanoniT
seqsualuri umciresobebis interesebi daculia. me-6 muxlis
mixedviT, ,,pacientis diskriminacia rasis, kanis feris, enis, genetikuri
memkvidreobebis, rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis, politikuri da sxva
Sexedulebebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebis warmoSobis,
qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis,
daavadebebis, seqsualuri orientaciis, an piradi uaryofiTi ganwyobebis
gamo akrZalulia”;
miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs ramdenime Zalian mniSvnelovani
dokumenti adamianis uflebebisa da maTi dacvis Sesaxeb, mainc
uamravi adamiani ganicdis diskriminacias. amitom yvela socialurma
muSakma unda ibrZolos socialuri Tanasworobis dasamkvidreblad, raTa
maqsimalurad iqnes daculi adamianTa uflebebi.
saerTaSoriso dokumentebis mier sazogadoebis yvela wevris
Tanasworobis aRiareba ganurCevlad rasisa, sqesisa, erovnebisa,
seqsualuri orientaciisa da religiuri mrwamsisa, ar aris sakmarisi.
aRiareba mxolod qaRaldze daweril debulebebad ar unda rCebodes.
unda SemuSavdes Sesabamisi sanqciebi kanonmdeblobebisa da
saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv dokumentebSi aRniSnuli debulebebis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, raTa srulyofilad moxdes maTi dacva da
ganxorcieleba.
seqsualuri umciresobebis uflebebis dasacavad da diskriminaciis
aRmosafxvrelad, saWiroa socilur muSakTa CarTuloba, radgan swored
isini axdenen mowyvladi jgufebis uflebebis lobirebas mikro, mezo da
makro doneebze. maT unda uzrunvelyon klientebi da saWiroebis
mqone adamianebi informaciiT sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb. uflebebis
codna erTis mxriv win gadadgmuli nabijia momavalSi maT dasacavad.
gasaubreba qarTvel
homoseqsualebTan
sakiTxis garSemo ufro Rrma da validuri informaciis miRebis
mizniT, gavesaubreT aratradiciuli orientaciis 4 warmomadgenels. maTi
moZieba arc ise advili iyo, vinaidan, rogorc ukve araerTxel aRvniSneT,
saqarTveloSi lgbt-ebi saaSkaraoze ar gamodian da Riad iSviaTad
saubroben TavianT problemebze. homoseqsualTa mosaZieblad,
vtovebdiT gancxadebebs forumebze, Tumca am meTodma ar
gaamarTla. sabolood, isev saerTo nacnobebis daxmarebiT SevZeliT
maTTan kontaqtze gasvla. unda aRvniSnoT, rom gagvimarTla da Cveni
respodentebi Zalian gaxsnili da kargi mosaubreebi aRmoCndnen. maT
hqondaT kidec garkveuli motivacia, rom dagvxmarebodnen, rac
SeiZleba meti informacia moewodebinaT CvenTvis sakiTxis garSemo.
garkveulwilad, Cveni, interviuerebis rolic Zalian didi iyo maT
dainteresebasa da raportis damyarebaSi, ramac warmatebuli
interviuebi ganapiroba. miuxedavad Cveni respodentebis gaxsnilobisa,
maTi TxovniT mainc vinarCunebT konfidencialobas da maT saxelebs
Segnebulad vcvliT.
nika_19 wlis
nika ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis universitis studentia. zogadad
Zalian niWieri, aqtiuri da realizebuli pirovnebaa, hyavs bevri megobari
da garSemomyofebSi simpatiiT sargeblobs. kiTxvaze, Tu rodis
gaacnobiera, rom homoseqsuali iyo, nikas pasuxi aseTi iyo: “me
dabadebidan aseTi var”. rogorc man aRniSna, baRis asakSic ki
grZnobda biWebis mimarT gansakuTrebul simpatias, uyvarda TojinebiT
TamaSi, kabebis Cacma da a.S. erTi sityviT, misi qcevebi
Seesabameboda gogos qcevis Cvens sazogadoebaSi aRiarebul
normebs. nikas TqmiT, mas bavSvobaSi wvrili xma hqonda. xmis da
manerebis gamo klaseli biWebis dacinvis obieqtic ki gamxdara, isini
mas gogos saxeliT mimarTavdnen. pubertatis asakis moaxloebasTan
erTad, mas garkveuli protesti uCndeboda sakuTari seqsualuri
orientaciis mimarT. xvdeboda ra, rom sxvebisgan
gansxvavdeboda,HaraerTxel hqonda mcdeloba, rom Secvliliyo,
magram uSedegod. nikas pirveli seqsi 12 wlis asakSi hqonda
ramdenime wliT ufros ubnel biWTan. rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs, es misi
survilis sawinaaRmdegod ar momxdara. miuxedavad imisa, rom nika
nel-nela iseTad iRebda sakuTar Tavs, rogoric iyo, is Tavisi orientaciis
Sesaxeb aravis eubneboda. icoda rom saWiro iyo da amitom
TamaSobda, TiTqos gogonebTan hqonda urTierToba. es ar uWirda,
radgan Tavisi garegnobidan gamomdinare, yovelTvis eqceoda qalTa
sqesis warmomadgenelTa yuradRebis qveS.
nikas erTxel qalTan seqsis interesi gauCnda da asec moiqca,
Tumca amis survili meored arc ki gasCenia. misma ojaxis wevrebma,
mamis garda, ician nikas seqsualuri orientaciis Sesaxeb. Tavidan
gauWirdaT amasTan Segueba, magram dResdReobiT maTi
damokidebuleba nikasadmi igivenairia, rogoric adre. rac Seexeba
mamas, nika ar apirebs misTvis simarTlis Tqmas, radgan miaCnia, rom
amis aranairi saWiroeba ar arsebobs da es ubralod zedmet problemebs
gamoiwvevs. nikas seqsualuri orientaciis Sesaxeb icis yvelam, visac is
megobars uwodebs. maT umetesobas aranairi protesti ar gasCenia am
faqtis mimarT. mxolod erTi megobari nel-nela CamoSorda mas.
nikas arasdros miukiTxavs raime organizaciisTvis uflebebis
dacvis an fsiqologis daxmarebis miRebis mizniT, radgan Tvlis, rom mas
es arc sWirdeba, Camoyalibebuli da myari pirovnebaa da SeuZlia yvela
problemas sruliad damoukideblad gaumklavdes.
AamJamad nika Tavis partniorTan erTad cxovrobs, romelTanac
romantiuli grZnobebi akavSirebs. isini erTad gegmaven TurqeTSi
wasvlas, radgan nika ukmayofiloa saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis xarisxiT da
unda swavla sazRvargareT ganagrZos. nikas Zalian bevri ufiqria
bavSvis yolaze, Tumca jer ar icis amas ra saxiT gaakeTebs. rodesac
nikas vkiTxeT, Tu ra cvlilebebi unda ganxorcieldes saqarTveloSi lgbt
adamianebis gasaZliereblad, man Tqva, rom aucilebelia saxelmwifom
izrunos Tavisi moqalaqeebis swori cnobierebis Camoyalibebaze skolis
asakidanve.
interviu moamzada ana subelianma
goga_29 wlis
goga Tbilisis erTerT klubSi muSaobs barmenad. apirebs Teatralur
universitetSi Cabarebas, radgan reJisorobaze ocnebobs. saubridan
gamoCnda, rom goga Zalian ganaTlebuli, mxiaruli da zrdilobian
adamiania. gogas homoseqsualuri cxovreba 15 wlis asakSi daiwyo.
maSin is erTerT TeatrSi miiwvies skolidan, TeatrSi Zalian did dros
atarebda. iq momuSave 25 wlis fotografi gogas Zalian bevr suraTebs
urebda xolme, gamoxatavda mis mimarT gansakuTrebul interess, rac
gogas Zalian siamovnebda, Tumca ver acnobierebda, Tu ratom.
erTxelac fotografma mas sTxova gaexada, radgan Zalian moswonda
gogas egvipturi Zvlebi da undoda am janrSi gadaego misTvis fotoebi.
rodesac fotosesia damTavrda da gogam tansacmeli Caicva, fotografi
mas miuaxlovda da tuCebSi akoca. gogas es ar gauprotestebia. ufro
metic, mTeli dReebi am kocnaze fiqrobda. am movlenidan erTi Tvis
Tavze fotografma goga barSi dapatiJa ludze, gogas manmade alkoholi
arasdros daulevia, daTvra. swored im Rames hqondaT gogas da
fotografs pirveli seqsualuri urTierToba. amiT daiwyo maTi siyvaruli.
Ramdenime wlis Semdeg isini daSordnen, fotografi evropaSi wavida,
Tumca goga aRniSnavs, rom nebismier dros, misi pirvelive
daZaxebisTanave SeuZlia ganaaxlos masTan urTierToba, radgan is
dRemde uyvars.
dResdReobiT gogas qalebTanac aqvs seqsi da mamakacebTanac.
rogorc ambobs, orive SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia Tanabrad didi siamovneba
miiRos da es damokidebulia ara im adamianis sqesze, visTanac mas
seqsi aqvs, aramed mis pirovnul Tvisebebsa da temperamentze. gogas
Tavisi studentobis dros Tavisi kurseli gogo uyvarda, Tumca masTan
seqsi ar hqonda. rogorc TviTon Tqva da rac erTi SexedviT ucnauricaa,
goga Zalian aziatia da Tvlis, rom qals gaTxovebamde seqsi ar unda
hqondes. Amis Semdeg mas kide hyavda erTi Seyvarebuli, amjerad
mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgeneli, Tumca verc masTan SeZlo
urTierTobis SenarCuneba. dRes gogas siyvarulis aRar sjera, hyavs
partniori, romelsac uyvars, TviTon ki Zalian did pativs scems, rogorc
pirovnebas, masTan Tavs daculad grZnobs, Tumca misi erTguli
namdvilad araa. TviTon Tavs garyvnil adamianad Tvlis, Tumca amaze
Zalian mxiarulad saubrobs. gogam intervius dros araerTxel Tqva:
“mirCevnia viRacas vuyvarde, vidre Tavad viyo Seyvarebulio”. mas
Zalian didi survili aqvs da rogorc ambobs, Zalian bevrs gaakeTebs
imisTvis, rom misma Svilma siyvarulis rwmena ar dakargos.
gogac, Cveni wina respodentis msgavsad, kmayofilia Tavisi
cxovrebiT, damoukideblad agvarebs yvela problemas. rogorc TviTon
ambobs, SeuZlia yvelas gasces sakadrisi pasuxi da mas aravisi ar
eSinia. goga ar Tvlis saWirod, raime Secvalos im sazogadoebaSi,
romelSic cxovrobs, radgan swored am sazogadoebam Camoayaliba is
iseTad, rogoric dRes aris. sakuTari TaviT ki Zalian kmayofilia.
interviu moamzada ana subelianma
nona – 22 wlis
nona ukve 5 welia moRvaweobs da cxovrobs germaniaSi,
muSaobs modelad erT-erT saagentoSi. nona sakmaod gaxsnili
pirovnebaa, saerTod ar yofila rTuli misTvis piraduli kiTxvebis dasma.
gardatexis asakSi gaacnobiera gogoebisadmi interesi da ltolva,
Tavidan iyo mcdeloba gaemxila sakuTari orientacia, magram ver
gauges. gadawyvita wasuliyo dasavleT evropis romelime qveyanaSi,
raTa Riad gamoevlina sakuTari Tavi seqsualuri orientaciis CaTvliT ise,
rom ar gakicxuliyo da dagmobiliyo amisaTvis, erTi sityviT, im
Tavisuflebis saZieblad wavida, romelic, misi azriT, saqarTveloSi jer-
jerobiT ocnebaa, moipova da Riad amJRavnebs sakuTar orientacias,
akeTebs imas, rac moswons da dRes sakmaod warmatebuli modelia.
germaniaSi hyavs partniori, romelic uyvars da fiqrobs, rom savaraudod
Seqmnis masTan erTad ojaxs.
nonas azriT, saqarTveloSi homoseqsualebis mimarT agresia
ganpirobebulia myari stigmiT: “lesboselebi da geebi avadmyofebi da
garyvnilebi arian”. misi TqmiT, saqarTveloSi warmoudgenelia
gansxavavebuli seqsualuri orintaciis Riad aRiareba, swored,
amitomacaa is germaniaSi da uaxloes momavalSi Camosvlas ar
apirebs. nonas rwmeniT, imisaTvis, rom SesZlos man da misnairebma
saqarTveloSi cxovreba, aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi cnobierebis Secvla.
interviu moamzada ana baramiZem
qeTi 25 wlis da xatia 20 wlis
qeTim da xatiam saerTo megobris dabadebisdReze gaicnes
erTmaneTi. isini ukve 3 welia erTad arian. gogonebi arian biseqsualebi,
hyavT erTi megobari biWi – seqsualuri partniori. qeTim rogorc aRniSna
13 wlis asakSi aRmoaCina Tavisi orientaciis Sesaxeb, man pirvelad es
siaxle megobars mouyva, romelTanac Semdgom urTierTobda.
gogonebi kargad arian informirebulebi sqesobrivad gadamdebi
daavadebebis Sesaxeb da Sesabamisi gamokvlevebic aqvT Catarebuli.
Tumca saerTod aranairi warmodgena ar aqvT im organizaciebis
Sesaxeb sadac muSaoben seqsualur umciresobebTan. maTi Sexvedris
ZiriTadi adgili aris ramodenime bari TbilisSi, perovze, sadac geebi da
lesboselebi ikribebian. Tavdapirvelad sazogadoebisgan uaryofiT
damokidebulebas da lanZRvas iRebdnen, Tumca axla isini did
yuradRebas ar aqceven amas. gogoebi erTad erTi TviT iyvnen wasuli
sazRvargareT, espaneTsa da safrangeTSi da rogorc aRniSnes iq
gamoavlines TavianTi realuri saxe. intervius dros ZiriTadad qeTi
mesaubreboda, Tumca etyoboda Zalian ar undoda CemTan saubari da
SekiTxvebs Zalian zereled pasuxobda, rogorc miTxra megobris xaTriT
damTanxmda. gogonebs TavianTi saxelebc ar uTqvamT. bolos ki
“gvariani” seqsic misurves da damemSvidobnen.
interviu moamzada Teona TodraZem
PS: samwuxarod ar Sedga Cvens mier dagegmili interviuebi biseqsual
pako tabataZesa da transseqsual kesosTan. pakos sakontaqto nomrebi
ar ician im adamianebmac, visTanac is adre Zalian aqtiurad
megobrobda. arsebobs seriozuli safuZveli, rom is imaleba. es gasakviri
arcaa im gaxmaurebuli skandalis Semdeg, rac mis garSemo ori wlis
win datrialda. pako gaxda Zalian sajarod ganxorcielebuli diskriminaciis
msxverpli, rasac samwuxarod am fsevdo-demokratiul sazogadoebaSi
araviTari protesti ar mohyolia, amis Semdeg mas araerTxel
gauswordnen fizikurad, aviwroebdnen da emuqrebodnen. rac Seexeba
transseqsual models, kesos, misi telefonis nomeri Zalian bevri wvalebis
Semdeg movipoveT, Tumca ramdenjerac vcadeT dakavSireba,
gamorTuli hqonda. rogorc Cans, man nomeri Seicvala, radgan cxadia,
sazogadoebisTvis ucxo planeteliviT aRqmuli heteroseqsualis mimarT
didi interesi arsebobs da albaT mas Zalian awuxeben zarebiT,
SekiTxvebiT da sxv.
zogadad interviuirebis procesi Zalian saintereso aRmoCnda.
viswavleT CvenTvis zog SemTxvevaSi miuRebeli istoriebis mosmena da
amis Zalian Cveulebrivad aRqma; gavacnobiereT da kidev erTxel
davrwmundiT, rom ar SeiZleba seqsualuri orientaciis mixedviT
adamianTa dayofa jgufebad; mivxvdiT, Tu rogor unda vesaubroT
adamianebs maTTvis zogjer Zalian mtkinveul sakiTxebze ise, rom isini
ar daiTrgunon. erTi sityviT, es procesi CvenTvis Zalian mniSvnelovani
gakveTili gamodga.
daskvna
Cveni, rogorc momavali socialuri muSakebis da rogorc ubralod
konkretuli kulturisa da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebis Zalian didi
survilia, rom adamianisgan damoukidebeli niSnebi, maT Soris
homoseqsualizmi ar gaxdes misi diskriminaciis safuZveli. amisTvis
aucilebelia Catardes specifikuri xasiaTis saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebi
skolis asakidanve, raTa amaRldes sazogadoebis cnobiereba; Zalian
mniSvnelovania kanonmdeblobis daxvewa da Semdeg misi aRsruleba
da homoseqsualTa jgufis warmomadgenelTa dacvis meqanizmebis
gaZliereba. Zalian did imeds viqoniebT, rom Cvens mier warmodgenili
naSromic SeZlebs garkveuli wvlili Seitanos am did saqmeSi.
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