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ZAINAB JAVEDDP-108-240

ASSIGNMENT ON

AMOXICILLIN

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AMOXICILLIN DRUG NAME(GENERIC)

CHEMICAL CLASS

THERAPEUTIC CLASS

PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

PHARMACOKINETICS INDICATIONS AND USES

CONTRAINDICATIONS

PRECAUTIONS

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

PEDIATRIC USE

GERIATRIC USE SIDE EFFECTS

DRUG INTERACTIONS

ADVERSE DRUG REACTON

DOSAGE FORMS

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

DOSES

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AMOXICILLIN DRUG NAME(GENERIC):

AMOXICILLIN

CHEMICAL CLASS :AMINOPENICILLIN

PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS:

BROAD SPECTRUM PENICILLIN THERAPEUTIC CLASS:

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENT(ANTIBIOTIC)

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CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

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MECHANISM OF ACTION

Amoxicillin cause bacterial cell lysis byinterfering with the synthesis of bacterial cellwall peptidogylcan.

This interference occurs in 2 steps:1. Attachment to PBP on bacteria

2. Inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme that crosslinks the peptide chains attached to back boneof peptidoglycan.

Amoxicillin also inactivates the inhibitor ofautolytic enzymes leading to bacterial cell lysis.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C16H19N3O5S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

365.404 g/mol

WATER SOLUBILITY

3430 mg/L

PHYSIAL STATESolid

MELTING POINT

194C

DENSITY

320 g/ml

BOILING POINT

743.2C

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PHARMACOKINETICS

Route of administration is oral, intramuscular andintravenous.

Onset of action is 30 mints.

Peak plasma level is 1 to 2 hr.

Duration of action is 6 to 8 hr.

Oral absorption is rapid and bioavailability is 93%.

Plasma protein binding is 18%.

It crosses placenta and minor amount crosses blood brain

barrier. Volume of distribution is 15L/70kg

Metabolized in liver(less than 30%) and excreted in urine

Half life is 1.7hr and clearence is 10.8L/h/70kg.

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INDICATIONS AND USES

AMOXICILLIN is used in following conditions

1. Infections of EAR,NOSE and THROAT

2. Infections of LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT3. Infections of SKIN

4. Infections of GENITOURINARY TRACT

5. GONORRHOEA,ACUTE UNCOMPLICATEDANO-GENITAL and URETHRAL INFECTIONS.

6. H.pylorieradication to reduce risk of duodenalulcer recurrence.

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CONTRAINDICATIONS AND

PRECAUTIONS

Amoxicillin is contraindicated in patients withhistory of previous hypersensitivity reactionto any of the penicillins or any component offormulation.

Amoxicillin is used in following conditionswith precaution;

I. Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins

II. Renal insufficiency

III. Repeated or prolonged therapy.

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USE IN

PREGNANCY,LACTATION,PEDIATRICSAND GERIATRICS Pregnancy category B. safety for use in

pregnancy has not been established.

Amoxicillin is excreted in milk in traces, so it canbe used with caution.

In pediatrics, amoxicillin elimination can be

delayed due to incomplete development of renalfunctions, so dose should be modified.

In geriatrics, renal function is decreased so careshould be taken in dose selection and renal

function should be monitored.

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SIDE EFFECTS

CNS:

Fever, headache

RESPIRATORY:

Anaphylaxis, respiratory distress

GIT:

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea

HEMATOLOGICAL:Anemia, bone marrow depression

SKIN:

Rash

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DRUG INTERACTIONS

CHLORAMPHENICOL,TETRACYCLINES,

MACROLIDES:

inhibits anti-bacterial activity of

amoxicillin. So, amoxicillin should beadministered 3hr before these drugs.

ATENOLOL :

its serum level is decreased by amoxicillin

PROBENECID:

slows the rate of renal tubular secretion ofamoxicillin.

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ADR and DOSAGE FORMS

Hypersensitivity is main ADR associated withamoxicillin.

Amoxicillin is available in following forms:a) INJECTIONS

b) TABLETS

c) CAPSULESd) POWDER FOR INJECTION

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONSTRADE

NAME

MANUFACTU

RER

DOSAGE

FORMS

STENGTH PRICE

AMOXIL GSK capsinj

250mg,500mg250mg,500mg

62.09,149.8338.4,533.3

WYMOX Wyeth Capssusp

250mg,500mg125mg,25omg

299.3,304.738.26,50.04

PRINCIMOX BMS Capssusp

250mg,500mg125mg,250mg

310.42,749.239.04,51.21

ZOXICILLIN Zafa Capsdrops

250mg,500mg100mg/ml

32.25,60.0020.55

SKYMOX Hamaz Capsdrops

250mg,500mg

125mg/1.25ml

258.52,45522.27

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DOSES

ORAL:

Adult 250mg every 8 hrs, doubled in severeconditions

Child 125mg every 8 hrs, doubled in severeconditions

INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION:

Adult 500mg every 8 hr

Child 50-100mg/kg daily INTRAVENOUS INJECTION:

Adult 500mg every 8 hr

Child 50-100mg/kg daily

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DRUG STABILITY

PROTECT THE PRODUCT FROMHEAT,LIGHT,MOISTURE

ORAL SUSPENSION (reconstituted solution)SHOULD BE STORED AT ROOMTEMPERATURE.AFTERRECONSTITUTION,STORE AT 2-8C AND

DISCARD AFTER 14 DAYS.

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THANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTION