YeomansTheory_25Jul10
Transcript of YeomansTheory_25Jul10
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Yeomans KeylineTheory & Practice
Professor Stuart B. HillUniversity of Western [email protected]
www.stuartbhill.com
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Why do so many of uskeep making the same mistakes?
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3 stages of perception
1. deceptive simplicity: de-contextual,heavy-handed solutions (with unexpected disbenefits)
2. confusing (often paralysing) complexity:puzzlement, endless studies, committees
3. profound simplicity: ahas, contextual, elegant,often paradoxical solutions (with unexpected benefits)
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Population Numbers
ResourceUse
PopulationDistribution
PopulationActivities
EnvironmentalImpact
Sustainable Unsustainable
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Odums ecosystems layer cake
What & How to do
When to do things
Where to do things
Strategies
Purpose
Pasture Water
Livestock
Nature,biodiversity
Economics,marketing, policy
Soils, nutrients,landscape
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Rehabilitation &
maintenance
Erodes natural capital,ecological integrity(declining productivity)
Productivityyield, output
Builds natural capital,
ecological integrity(basis for sustained productivity)
Rewards to farmers
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We urgently need to learn particularly from psychology & ecology
how to live caring, sustainable
& genuinely meaningful healthy lives
Failure to maintain systems is resulting in personal,social & environmental degradation
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Hills ESR problem-solving/proofing model
Redesign/design
Substitution
Efficiency
P
ConventionalP
P
P
P
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We must design & managecomplex heterogenous systems
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Unrealised potential of design/redesign
EFFICIENCY(primarily reactive)
SUBSTITUTION
REDESIGN(proactive)
1
2
3 etc
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Overlapping stages in change (Hill 2005)
ignorance & denial
awareness & acknowledgement
understanding & competence
effective action & project-based initiatives
ongoing co-evolution of responsiblelife-affirming practices (how we now live)
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Keyline Design Water For Every Farm
PA Yeomans 1908-1984
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KD is an integrated & profitable system of Water Harvesting &Gravity Irrigation, Soil Development & Farm Layout Planning thatwas developed by PA Yeomans & Sons from the late 1940s in
North Richmond, NSW, Australia .
KD is the broadacre land design system used in PermacultureDesign. The incorporation of Permaculture Design Ethics &Principles further increases the potential of KD as a technique &practice.
Today the most common expression of the KD system is KeylineTopsoil Development, which is based on the use of rigid-tyne/non-inversion subsoil plows & rotational grazing. This isincredibly fast: with 3-6 topsoil/year development being normalunder most conditions, & over 12 where optimal.
The key components of KD are:
Rapid Topsoil Development & Maintenance
Rainwater Harvesting & Gravity Irrigation Systems
Integrated Farm Layout according to local Topography
P.A. Yeomans
Keyline Design (KD)
Allan Yeomans
Ken Yeomans
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We are surprised when systemspredictably eventually collapse
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Society tends to focus only onthe most attractive visible bits
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Its the bits we dont seethat enable most systems to function
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In the 1950s Australian producer P.A. Yeomans
by engaging with the bits we dont see
created an inch of topsoil in three years
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Keylinescale of permanence
1. Climate
2. Landscape
3. Water
4. Roads
5. Trees
6. Buildings
7. Subdivision
8. Soil
P.A. Yeomans
The Challenge of Landscape, 1958Water for Every Farm, 1965The City Forest: The Keyline Plan for the Human Environment Revolution, 1971
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Food cycle
Consumption
ProductionRecycle
(decomposition in soil)
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Lal, Rattan 2007. Soil science and the carbon civilization. SSSAJ, 71(5): 1425-1437
Yobarnie West Richmond 1968
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Yobarnie, West Richmond, 1968
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The task is not just to seewhat no one has yet seen,but also to think what noone has thought aboutwhat everybody sees
Modified from: Arthur Schopenhauer, 1890
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Allan Yeomans 2005. Priority One: Together We Can Beat Global Warming
Keyline Publ., Arundal, QLD
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Keylineploughing3 successive depths/years
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Roots tell a storyFrench Beans on calcareous clay soil (Bockemuhl, J. 1981)
Unfertilised Compost NPK
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Key features of Yeomans' Keylinedesign/redesign initiatives (cont.)
Structural
Keyline plough(modified chisel plough with vibrator)
Keyline dams& irrigation channels
Nature & placement of all structures
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Key features of Yeomans' Keylinedesign/redesign initiatives (cont.)
Procedural
Timing of all operations (ploughing, irrigation, grazing)
Keyline ploughingpattern
Rotational grazing
St th & d i i f ff ti Y ' K li i iti ti
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Strengths & driving forces affecting Yeomans' Keylineinitiatives
Exceptional powers of observation(especially of water movement across landscapes)
Deep interest, commitment, rebelliousness & 'drivenness' rewater, soil & pasture management (near loss of son todesiccation, loss of brother-in-law in grass fire)
Diverse complementary experiences & competencies(mining assayer, seeing Chinese-made mining dams, & aboriginalknowledge, earth moving, time with nature, extensive reading,travel, meetings)
Personal
St th & d i i f ff ti Y ' K li i iti ti ( )
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Strengths & driving forces affecting Yeomans' Keylineinitiatives (cont.)
Cross-boundary (applying water management in mining toagriculture) & integrative thinking (Hierarchy of Permanence,Keylineas whole design systems)
Ongoing experimentation & careful record keeping
Implementation of small, meaningful initiatives (including smallrisks) that can contribute to larger, longer-term plans (initial damconstruction etc.)
Lateral & paradoxical thinking (creating vs just conserving soil)
Personal (cont.)
St th & d i i f ff ti Y ' K li i iti ti ( t )
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Strengths & driving forces affecting Yeomans' Keylineinitiatives (cont.)
Post-war programs/tax benefits facilitated farm purchase
Importation of initial chisel plough from USA
Involvement of others with complimentary competencies(Chinese & aboriginal influence, Holmes, Hicks, his children)
Communication of findings & ideas
(open days, training sessions, talks, articles, books,establishing a Foundation & journal, media)
Commercialization of products (Keyline plough) & services(Keyline consulting, dam construction, self-publishing)
Social
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Strengths & driving forces affecting Yeomans' Keylineinitiatives (cont.)
Capitalizing on forces & 'services' of nature (natural waterflows, gravity, carbon capture, soil formation, windbreaks,grazing management, working effectively with place & time)
Using nature as a model & source of inspiration
Ecological
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Benefits of Yeomans-type thinking could include:
ecologically sustainable managed ecosystems
conservation of habitat for biodiversity
maintenance of ecosystem services
wellbeing & meaning
non-violence & peace
climate amelioration
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Yobarnie, 1994
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Yobarnie, 1994
Photo: David Holmgren
Y b i 2010 $40 2 illi 200 R ti t Vill
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Yobarnie, >2010, $40.2million, 200 Retirement Village
F d l i h i f fi
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Fundamental & progressive change is often firstridiculed; particularly when it challenges long-heldconcepts and practices, & current power structures
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Just because youre outnumbereddoesnt mean youre wrong
We need more paradoxical ways
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We need more paradoxical waysof understanding & acting
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Most of the time we behave as if wewere hypnotised twice
R. D. Laing 1971
The Politics of the Family
firstly into accepting pseudorealityas reality, &
secondly into believing we werenot hypnotised
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Clever people know how
to solve problems
Attributed to Albert Einstein
Wise people avoid them!
Known & unknown
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Known & unknown
What is unknown
What is known
Andr Voisin, 1959. Soil, Grass and Cancer. Longmans, London
The challenge: how to engage clearly with the unknown & mystical
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Kurt Lewins Force Field Analysisadd
strengthen
Driving forces*
Restraining forces (barriers)*
removeweaken
*external& internal
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Limiting factors for change
information & access to it, misinformation,
knowledge, skills, competencies
resources: renewable, non-renewable,technologies, money, time
institutional supports: policies, programs,structures, services, legislation, regulations
Forms of political action
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Forms of political action
education, demonstration & models extension & other services research & development legislation & regulation
Rewards(only available during a transition period toprevent the development of dependence)
tax incentives subsidies
low interest loans
Penalties(for those who act irresponsibly)
monitoring programs
legislation & its implementation
Supports
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family & community support
empowerment/disempowerment(feelings of helplessness/hopelessness)
awareness
vision & imagination
values, worldviews, paradigms, beliefs
Limiting factors for change (cont.)
persistent denial, procrastination &
distractive/compensatory activities
Framework for planning change
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Framework for planning changeBeyondaveragelifetime
Averagelifetime
5-10
years1 year 2
months1 week Before
goingto bed
tonight
Self
Family
Work/Enterprise/Business
Local community
Local landscape/Environment
Strategic questions: What would it take to.?
What gets in the way & what would remove these barriers?
O di l t thi ki & ti
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One radical way to progress our thinking & actionis paradoxically (in a workshop context) to boldly 'lie'about changes that you have already brought about
(that you have actually not brought about!)
This enables us to vision in relation to our benign potential(from our unwounded/healed self, rather than from our
wounded selves, and settle for tinkering with the status quo)
By daring to engage in such 'deep' reflection &implementation of meaningful doable initiatives,
we can significantly contribute tochanging the world for the better
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Psychosocial evolution & transformativeinstitutional & structural change
Socialising
Problem Focus Exclusionary
SocialInstitutions
Enabling
Redesign/Design ParticipatorySocialInstitutions
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Key points (cont )
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Key points (cont.)
further sustainable change will be achievednot through mega-projects,
but by each of us individually &
in small mutually supportive & collaborative groups,taking small meaningful, locally relevant actions,
& by sharing the processes involved;& publicly celebrating the outcomes
to make them available to others
K i
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Key points (cont.)
a group as small as this
if truly committed to such action can play a major role in enablingthis cultural transformation
I can do it
I want to do it I will do it
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lat outstretched upon a mound ofearth I lie; I Press my ear against itssurface and I hear far off and deep, themeasured sound of heart that beats
within the ground. And with it pounds inharmony with the swift, familiar heart inme. They pulse as one, together swell,together fall: I cannot tell my sound
from Earths, for I am part of rhythmic,universal heart.
- Elizabeth Odell
F
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Planet
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Planet
exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves & other non-renewable resources
global warming, associated climatic changes & rising sea level
thinning of ozone layer & accumulation of waste matter' in space
fluctuating water tables, drought, drying lakes & rivers, & flooding
contamination of soil, water & organisms with pollutants
deforestation, desertification, soil erosion & degradation
loss of habitat, biodiversity, species extinctions & loss of varieties
We must extend the boundaries of our thinking
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We must extend the boundaries of our thinking(modified from Geoff, L. & P. Smoker 1997. Peace: an evolving idea. Future Generations J. 23 (2): 4-9)
OUTER
P
EACE
Environmental
Cultural
Transnational
Between States
Within States
Community
Family &Individual
Inner Peace
War Prevention Structural Condits. Holistic Complex Models
Absenceof War
Balanceof
Forces
NoViolence FeministPeace
Inter-culturalPeace
GaiaPeace
Inner-OuterPeace
Peace
P ll l i l d i l d i h
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Parallel interrelated processes involved in change
What meaningful do-able initiatives can we take in each
of these areas to support progressive cultural change?
Levels of consideration for better action
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actionsanswers,
plans
worldviews, values & beliefs
feelings & passions
ideas, imaginings,visions & creativity(ability to design)
Top two overemphasised
(modified from John Herron, 1992. Feeling and Personhood. Sage, London)
We need a radical paradigm shift in our thinking & acting
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We need a radical paradigm shift in our thinking & acting
Sorry to intrudemaam, but we
thought wed come inand just sort of roamaround for a fewminutes (Gary Larson)
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Starting assumptions
we are truly amazing beings who, since our origins, havelearned a phenomenal amount through our experiences;& yet
we have hardly scratched the surface of our potential
consequently, opportunities for improvement & progressare enormous
We are at a critical threshold in the
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We are at a critical threshold in the'psychosocial' evolution of our species
We may choose to continue to think & behave in ways thatcurrently dominate industrialised societies perpetuating:
unlimited growth & increasing consumption
creation of a wealthy class
unprioritised market-driven use of non-renewable resources
failure to conserve & maintain renewable resources,& the ecological systems & processes upon which all life depends
concentration of populations in cities
Time to take the next step
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Time to take the next stepin our psychosocial evolution:
from economics-obsessed,socializing (manipulative,
controlling, problem-solving)cultures (compensatory, back-end/reactive patterned living)
to higher values-based,life-enabling ones (proactive,
spontaneous living)
Biased triple bottom line
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Pille Bunnell & Nicolas Sonntag, 2000. Pers. Com.
Biased triple bottom line
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Planet, environment, ecological systems, nature
Socio-cultural: institutional structures &processes in politics, economics, business,education, technology, religion
People: communities, groups, families,individuals
Enabling triple bottom line
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Hills ESR problem-solving/proofing model
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Hill s ESR problem solving/proofing model
Redesign/design
Substitution
Efficiency
P
ConventionalP
P
P
P
Testing questions
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Testing questions
for
evaluating initiatives
D i ?
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Does it support?
Socio-political / cultural (capital & sustainability)
building & maintaining trust, access, collaborative,life-affirming community structures & processes
reflexive, critical, imaginative, celebrational attitudes
cultural diversity & respectful, mutualistic
relationships
cultural development & psychosocial co-evolution
D it t?
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Does it support? (cont.)
Environmental/natural (capital & sustainability)
enabling life-supporting ecological processes
conserving habitats & functional high biodiversity
ecosystem development & co-evolutionary change
Does it support? (cont.)
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Personal (capital & sustainability)
pp ( )
spontaneity, curiosity & engagement
empowerment, awareness, respect of the unknown
creative visioning, values & worldviews clarification
acquisition of essential literacies & competencies
building & maintaining vitality, health & wellbeing
caring, loving, responsible, negentropic relationships
lifelong personal development & responsibility
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Does it support? (cont.)
General foci
proactive, whole system design/redesignfor wellbeing
small/doable, meaningful, collaborative initiatives
windows of change & use of integrator-indicators
attentive to all outcomes & feedback
Forms of political action
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p
education, demonstration & models
extension & other services research & development legislation & regulation
Rewards(only available during a transition period toprevent the development of dependence)
tax incentives subsidies
low interest loans
Penalties(for those who act irresponsibly)
monitoring programs
legislation & its implementation
Supports
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Latest co-authored books:
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Latest co authored books:
Ecological Pioneers: A Social History of Australian Ecological Thought
and Action(with Dr Martin Mulligan; Cambridge UP, 2001)
Learning for Sustainable Living: Psychology of Ecological Transformation
(with Dr Werner Sattmann-Frese; Lulu, 2008)
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The Illusion
Advanced: technologically
also psychosocially?
The Illusion (cont.)
Psychosocially undeveloped
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oppressive hierarchies
addictive-compulsive behaviours
war & non-peaceful use of power
resource waste
disrespect for others/other organisms
enemy orientation
powerlessness, impotence
oppressive child rearing
compensatory displacement behaviours
AND
f th & th i di t
Psychosocially undeveloped