working intimately with female leaders who are in a hurry ...

working intimately with female leaders who are in a hurry to further boost their success

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

What Is The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®) is a relatively short, non-invasive, forced-choice personality questionnaire used to measure and describe people’s preferences for how they like to get information, make decisions, and orient their lives. Created by an American mother-daughter team, the MBTI was developed over a period of 20 years. It was then researched for a further 20 years and finally released for public use in 1975. No similar instrument has had this rigorous development history. The MBTI is now the most widely used personality indicator in the world.

Why Is The MBTI So Popular?

• The MBTI is an indicator, not a test, so there are no right or wrong answers

• It sorts people into 16 broad personality types, but there are no bad types. Each type has its own strengths and some minor pitfalls

• The MBTI looks only at normal behaviour. It does not measure or detect psychiatric disturbances, trauma, intelligence or maturity

• The MBTI gives results that are practical and can be used in everyday life

What Are The Benefits Of Knowing Your Type?

• Greater understanding of yourself and others. • Improved communication skills • Ability to understand and reduce conflict • Knowledge of your strengths and potential pitfalls • Knowing your contribution in a team • Identifying the tasks and jobs that give satisfaction



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The Handwriting Exercise You see the world not how it is... but how you are.

Dominant Hand Write your name and address with your dominant hand (the hand your normally write with):

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….

Non-Dominant Hand Now, write your name and address with your non-dominant hand (your other hand):

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….

....................................................................................................………………………………………………….



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Predicting Your MBTI Preferences Quality communication with others starts with having quality communication with ourselves.

Guess Your Preferences

Extraversion __________________________________________________ Introversion Sensing __________________________________________________ iNtuition Thinking __________________________________________________ Feeling Judgement __________________________________________________ Perception



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How Does the MBTI Work The best way to command respect is to be worthy of it.

E The Focus of Attention I

S How Information Is Taken In N

T Data On Which Decisions Are Made F

J The Preferred Lifestyle P

The MBTI identifies your preferences on these four scales.

What Do the MBTI Preferences Refer To?



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The Extravert Style The issue is never external.

Characteristics Of The Extravert Style

People with a strong Extravert style may:

• Prefer variety and action

• Often act quickly, sometimes without thinking

• Welcome phone calls and interruptions any time

• Develop ideas through discussion

• Respond quickly without long pauses to think

• Prefer face-to-face communication over written communication

• Like talking out-loud before coming to conclusions

• Not knowing what they will say until it is said

• Have many close friends

• Prefer being with many people

Continued on next page



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The Extravert Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Extravert Style

The strengths of the Extravert style may be in:

• Communicating energy and enthusiasm

• Including as many people as possible in activities

• Being easily approachable

• Being easily engaged in conversation, activities

• Interacting well and quickly with strangers

• Responding quickly without long pauses

• Accepting interruptions from people

• Involving others in making decisions

• Being very attuned to things in the environment

• Seeking opportunities to communicate in groups

• Easily tuning out distractions

• Being gregarious and sociable




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Weaknesses of The Extravert Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Extravert style may be in:

• Dominating conversations

• Talking first and considering what was said later

• Becoming impatient with long, slow jobs

• Becoming drained when he/she must think alone

• Needing affirmation/support from friends and associates

• Saying the same thing again and again to make a point

• Acting quickly, without thinking about the consequences

• Revealing personal things to strangers

• Being easily distracted from tasks by people and events

• Avoiding independent thoughts to stay with the group

• Finding difficulty working alone on projects

• Filling silence with talking of no interest to others




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Conditions That May Benefit from The Extravert Style

The Extravert style may be very helpful when:

• Quick action is required. There is little opportunity to ponder decisions

• There are many interruptions by people

• Ideas must be developed through discussion

• Much face-to-face communication is necessary

• People must interact for extended periods

• People must be persuaded and brought into the process

• Energy and enthusiasm must be communicated to others. Activities involve many people

• The person must be easily approachable

• Considerable friendly interactions with strangers is required

• Other must be actively involved in making decisions

• The person must be very attuned to things in the environment

• There are many distractions

• Being gregarious and sociable is important



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The Introvert Style Whatever you focus on you’re going to manifest.

Characteristics Of The Introvert Style

People with a strong Introvert style may:

• Tend to think first, then speak

• Have been told to “play more with other children”

• Be contentedly entertained in solitary activities

• Come across as reserved and reflective

• Enjoy more peace and quiet than noisy activity

• Enjoy time alone much more than time with groups

• Rehearse things before saying them

• Decide what is valid only after reflecting on things

• Prefer to think before responding

• Focus on internal ideas and thoughts

• Develop ideas by reflection




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The Introvert Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Introvert Style

The strengths of the Introvert style may be in:

• Allowing others to state thoughts without interrupting

• Working on one project for long, uninterrupted periods

• Concentrating on tasks

• Bringing calm and order to things

• Being easily entertained in solitary activities

• Verbalising well thought-out conclusions

• Thinking independently

• Thinking before responding

• Being comfortable with individual interpretations

• Maintaining confidentiality

• Concentrating on one thing at a time




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Weaknesses Of The Introvert Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Introvert style may be in:

• Having a small number of close relationships

• Finding phone calls and other interruptions intrusive

• Keeping enthusiasm inside so others don’t see it

• Staying aloof so other don’t understand the internal

• Becoming lost in thought

• Becoming suspicious if people are too complimentary

• Not informing others of decisions made while thinking

• Avoiding group activities

• Not voicing personal needs or ideas




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Conditions That May Benefit from The Introvert Style

The Introvert style may be very helpful when:

• Caution and scepticism are needed

• There is work to be done alone for long periods

• Much listening and quiet thinking are required

• Opportunities for socialising are limited

• Independent decisions must be made without discussion

• Diligent concentration on tasks is necessary

• There is a need to bring calm to things

• Confidentiality is important

• Focus must be maintained on one thing at a time



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The Sensing Style Of all the things you wear, your expression is the most important.

Characteristics Of The Sensing Style

People with a strong Sensing style may:

• Prefer using experience and standard ways to solve problems

• Enjoy using developed skills more than learning new ones

• Prefer to do things with a practical bent

• Prefer to examine the details of work

• Prefer that facts, details, and examples be presented first

• Want to see practical, realistic applications

• Prefer suggestions to be straightforward and feasible

• Prefer specific answers to specific questions

• Prefer jobs that result in something tangible

• Prefer perspiration rather than inspiration

• Prefer to work with facts more than theories

• Read magazines from front to back

• Focus on the facts and details and less on interpreting them




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The Sensing Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Sensing Style

The strengths of the Sensing style may be in:

• Using orderly, step-by-step approaches in presentations

• Seldom making errors of fact

• Being inclined to stick with agendas in meetings

• Being realistic

• Being practical and sensible

• Being happy to focus on doing the job

• Using experience and standard ways to solve problems

• Keeping the focus on the immediate problem at hand

• Making sure the details are in correct sequence

• Making things run accurately, with precision

• Helping to put practical facts into plans

• Working very well with facts and figures




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Weaknesses Of The Sensing Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Sensing style may be in:

• Preferring not to wonder about what is next

• Nitpicking about details

• Mistrusting and ignoring inspirations

• Avoiding or resisting new ideas or ways of doing things

• Believing if there is no problem, why speculate about it

• Finding it easier to see facts rather than big pictures

• Being so sceptical that everything must be proven

• Only accepting specific answers to specific questions

• Working only at tasks that produce tangible results

• Not considering or trying to understand the big picture

• Producing solutions that ignore new possibilities

• Seeing situations as black and white without greys

• Not considering the whole when solving specific problems




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Conditions That May Benefit from The Sensing Style

The Sensing style may be helpful when:

• Experience and standard ways must be used to solve problems

• The solutions must be down-to-earth and practical

• The work requires much attention to detail

• Only facts and details can be used, not speculation

• Solutions can only be practical and realistic

• The task requires perspiration with no inspiration

• Orderly, step-by-step approaches are necessary

• Errors of fact cannot be made

• The focus must only be on doing the job at hand

• The details must be in correct sequence

• Things must run accurately, with precision



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The Intuitive Style In dreams begin reality.

Characteristics Of The Intuitive Style

People with a strong Intuitive style may:

• Enjoy learning a new skill more than using it

• Prefer change over continuation of what is

• Rely on insights and imagination to provoke discussion

• Prefer suggestions to be novel and unusual

• Tend to think about several things at once

• Find the future and its possibilities intriguing

• See connections and interrelations behind most things

• Always need to know, “What does that mean?”

• Prefer solving new, complex problems

• Prefer figuring out how things work just for the enjoyment of it




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The Intuitive Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Intuitive Style

The strengths of the Intuitive style may be in:

• Solving new, complex problems

• Being conceptual, seeing the big picture

• Seeing relationships among ideas and things

• Enjoying new skills

• Creating new ways or methods, when important to the task

• Understanding the future and planning for it

• Developing the grand scheme, a theoretical framework

• Being able to think about several things at once

• Seeing the interrelatedness behind most things

• Seeing possibilities in situations

• Generating new ideas

• Working in bursts of energy and being enthusiastic




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Weaknesses Of The Intuitive Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Intuitive style may be in:

• Tending to give general answers to most questions

• Losing track of the real and “now” by focusing on the future

• Following inspirations blindly — good or bad

• Frequently making errors of fact

• Being satisfied with approximation when precision is needed

• Believing time is relative, so being on time is relative

• Forgetting the specifics of decisions and arrangements

• Procrastinating about projects that involve detail

• Not completing projects when the details become boring

• Failing to check data on which inspirations are based

• Throwing out old solutions just because they are not new




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Conditions That May Benefit From The Intuitive Style

The Intuitive style may be helpful when:

• A new skill must be learned

• Constant change is required

• Insights and imagination must be used

• Ideas must be novel and unusual

• Several things have to be going on at once

• The focus is on the future and its possibilities

• The connections and interrelations must be discovered

• New, complex problems must be solved

• The person must see the big picture or concept

• New, creative ways or methods must be generated

• A theoretical framework or plan must be designed

• Possibilities have to be found in unique situations

• New ideas have to be generated

• Bursts of energy and leaping to conclusions are needed



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The Thinking Style If all you have is a hammer, the whole world looks like a nail.

Characteristics Of The Thinking Style

People with a strong Thinking style may:

• Be firm-minded and able to give criticism as needed

• Use logical analysis to reach conclusions

• Be able to work without harmony

• Enjoy proving a point for the sake of clarity

• Be more firm-minded than gentle-hearted

• Tell people if they disagree with them

• Pride themselves on their objectivity

• Prefer justice over mercy

• Prefer analysis and critiquing

• Prefer to see consequences and results

• Be logical, detached, analytical

• Consider emotions and feelings as data to weigh




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The Thinking Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Thinking Style

The strengths of the Thinking style may be in:

• Staying calm, objective where others are upset

• Making difficult decisions

• Bringing objectivity to decision-making

• Giving criticism when appropriate

• Using logical analysis to reach conclusions

• Working without harmony if necessary

• Bringing logic and analysis to situations

• Remaining unbiased and objective

• Focusing on the consequences and results

• Understanding and making use of sound conclusions

• Organising decisions into systems

• Finding solutions not based on emotion




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Weaknesses Of The Thinking Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Thinking style may be in:

• Wanting to understand more than feel

• Acting without paying attention to people’s wishes

• Procrastinating about interpersonal aspects of life

• Not oiling the wheels of relationships

• Ignoring or not seeing other people’s feelings

• Giving criticism without equal measures of praise

• Being so sceptical that it makes others angry

• Being unwilling to compromise

• Developing logical systems that leave out people’s needs

• Not considering feelings as real factors in decisions




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Conditions That May Benefit from The Thinking Style

The Thinking style may be very helpful when:

• Firmness and justice are required rather than sympathy

• Criticism must be given as needed

• Objective analysis is needed to reach conclusions

• The person must work without harmony

• Points must be proven for the sake of clarity, even if they ruffle feathers

• People must be told when someone disagrees with them

• Objectivity, lack of bias, and distance are needed

• Consequences and results are more important than people

• Emotions and feelings can be considered only as data

• Calm, and staying objective are required where others become upset

• Decisions must be organised into logical systems



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The Feeling Style Fear arises only from a lack of love.

Characteristics Of The Feeling Style

People with a strong Feeling style may:

• Focus on how things affect people

• Be convinced by personal information

• Consider logic and objectivity only as information to value

• Prefer harmony over clarity

• Use feelings to reach conclusions

• Work best in harmony with others

• Find that some people take advantage of them

• Want to experience intimacy

• Prefer decisions that take others’ feelings into account

• Over-extend to meet other people’s needs

• Accommodate others, even at the expense of comfort

• Frequently ask, “How will this affect people?”

• Appreciate people’s feelings

• Want to be personally involved




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The Feeling Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Feeling Style

The strengths of the Feeling style may be in:

• Seeking involvement with people in meetings

• Persuading people by addressing their feelings and needs

• Being humane

• Being involved

• Bringing consideration of people to decision-making

• Identifying with others; empathising with their needs

• Enjoying pleasing people, even in unimportant things

• Looking at the underlying values in the situation

• Being most often sociable and friendly

• Bringing harmony to discussions and arguments

• Providing needed services to people

• Having insights into other people’s needs

• Taking others’ feelings into account

• Over-extending to meet other people’s needs




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Weaknesses Of The Feeling Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Feeling style may be in:

• Having difficulty expressing real desires

• Being embarrassed by conflict in groups or the family

• Trying to avoid conflict or to smother it with love

• Being accused of taking things too personally

• Resisting typologies because they put people in boxes

• Avoiding activities that may hurt people’s feelings

• Making decisions overly influenced by values or feelings

• Disliking, even avoiding, telling people the unpleasant

• Being accused of being wishy-washy

• Over-extending to meet other people’s needs

• Ignoring the task requirements of situations

• Becoming overly protective of others’ perceived needs

• Injecting feelings inappropriately into some decisions




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Conditions That May Benefit from The Feeling Style

The Feeling style may be very helpful when:

• The ways things affect people must be considered

• Harmony is more important than logic or systems

• Feelings must be used to reach conclusions

• Emotional intimacy is necessary

• Decisions must take others’ feelings into account

• The tasks require over-extending to meet other people’s needs

• People must be persuaded by addressing their feelings and needs

• Being humane is more important than being right

• People’s feelings must be a strong consideration in decision-making

• The task requires identifying with others; empathising with their needs

• People must be pleased, even in unimportant things

• The underlying values of people in the situation must be considered

• Harmony must be brought to discussions and arguments



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The Judging Style Shovel while the pile is still small.

Characteristics Of The Judging Style

People with a strong Judging style may:

• Plan work thoroughly and follow the plan closely

• Want timetables with deadlines

• Need to have closure, a plan, a schedule

• Expect others to follow-through

• State positions and decisions clearly

• Prefer to finish, even if it means correcting mistakes later

• Be decisive, deliberate

• Wake up knowing what’s on the day’s agenda

• Have a schedule and follow it

• Want agreement on goals as quickly as possible

• Prefer to get things settled and finished

• Keep lists, and like to check things off

• Thrive on order




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The Judging Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Judging Style

The strengths of the Judging style may be in:

• Providing structure to almost anything

• Being satisfied once a decision is reached

• Reaching closure by deciding quickly

• Making schedules and sticking to them

• Organising others to get to decision stage

• Stating positions and decisions clearly

• Formulating goals and working to achieve them

• Following and meeting deadlines

• Focusing on the task to be done

• Keeping lists and getting things done

• Developing special, orderly systems for everything

• Maintaining control




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Weaknesses Of The Judging Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Judging style may be in:

• Not taking time out for fun, leisure, relaxation

• Not slowing down until after the project is over (which may be never)

• Not noticing new things that need to be done

• Disliking surprises and demanding advance warning

• Becoming unravelled if things don’t go as planned

• Not responding to new information

• Sticking to the preset schedule even if it is not working

• Believing there is only one way to do it — my way

• Driving to finish, even if it has to be corrected later

• Being too stern a personal taskmaster

• Not allowing time to gather facts and consider alternatives




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Conditions That May Benefit from The Judging Style

The Judging style may be very helpful when:

• Organisation must be established and followed. Order and organisation are most important.

• Deadlines are important

• There is a continual need for plans and schedules

• People must perform as specified

• Positions and decisions must be stated clearly and definitely

• Finishing is important, even if it means correcting mistakes later

• Being decisive and deliberate is important

• The schedule must be clear and must be followed

• Quick, firm agreement on goals is necessary

• Things need to be settled and finished

• Once a decision is reached, it must stand

• The focus must be on the task to be done

• Special, orderly systems are required for everything. Control is important



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The Perceiving Style To step through fear you need to step through uncertainty.

Characteristics Of The Perceiving Style

People with a strong Perceiving style may:

• Change the subject often in conversations

• Dislike being pinned down about most things

• Want to keep options open

• Make things less-than-definite

• Want to wait and see

• Be easygoing about everything

• Want to be flexible, spontaneous, adaptive

• Look for understanding, information

• Be uncomfortable with tight deadlines

• Love to explore the unknown

• Not plan a task; wait to see what it demands

• Prefer adapting to last-minute changes

• Be uncomfortable with things having been decided

• Prefer to leave things open for last-minute changes




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The Perceiving Style (continued)

Strengths Of The Perceiving Style

The strengths of the Perceiving style may be in:

• Adapting well to changing situations

• Changing when necessary

• Being flexible

• Remaining open to new facts any time during problem-solving

• Keeping the decision-making process open-ended

• Being easygoing, spontaneous, responsive to situations

• Looking for understanding, information

• Making sure all the facts are available for decisions

• Creating and communicating options and opportunities

• Investigating, researching, learning about the unknown

• Consulting others before making decisions

• Gathering information from all sides of the issue

• Reconsidering and undoing decisions already made




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Weaknesses Of The Perceiving Style

AT WORST, the weaknesses of the Perceiving style may be in:

• Avoiding making final decisions

• Being unable to meet deadlines

• Postponing unpleasant tasks that need to be done

• Postponing decisions while searching for options

• Becoming easily distracted by new ideas

• Talking in perceptions rather than judgements

• Talking around endlessly rather than drawing conclusions

• Refusing to be pinned down about most things

• Refusing, or being unable, to follow tight deadlines

• Not planning ahead

• Not seeing the different values of alternatives

• Ignoring others’ plans and expecting them to adapt

• Letting decisions become overdue

• Spending too much time exploring unimportant issues




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Conditions That May Benefit from The Perceiving Style

The Perceiving style may be very helpful when:

• Gathering and understanding information are important

• Flexibility and lack of structure are advantageous

• Options must be kept open

• It is necessary to understand without deciding

• The person must be flexible and easygoing

• Deadlines change on whims

• Tasks cannot be planned ahead of time

• Last-minute changes of the plans are often necessary

• New facts must be considered at any time during problem-solving

• The decision-making process must be kept open-ended

• All sides of issues must be considered before decisions are made

• Decisions already made must often be changed



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Type Characteristics Comparison Of Preferences

Extraversion (E) Attention focused outward on people, things & action Energised by being with others External Breadth Interaction Multiple relationships Sociable Extensive Action Interest in external events Easy-to-know

Introversion (I) Attention focused inward on concepts & ideas Energised by being alone Internal Depth Concentration Close relationships Territorial Intensive Reflection Interest in the internal Hard-to-know

Sensing (S) Facts Details Reality Experience Specifics Here and now Practical Literal Concrete Sequential Perspiration Down-to-earth

iNtuition (N) Meaning Big picture Possibilities Hunches Patterns Future Ingenious Figurative Abstract Random Inspiration Head-in-clouds



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Type Characteristics (continued) Comparison Of Preferences (continued)

Thinking (T) Objective Principles Policy Justice Categorise Critique Analyse Firmness Logic Why

Feeling (F) Subjective Personal values Circumstances Mercy Harmonise Appreciate Sympathise Persuasion Impact on people Who

Judgement (J) Closure Decided Plan ahead Scheduled Planned Settled Fixed Completed Decisive Punctual Purposeful

Perception (P) Options Open-minded Adapt as you go Spontaneous Open-ended Pending Flexible Emergent Curious Leisurely Adaptable



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Preferred Methods of Communication Make it a conscious thing… until it becomes an unconscious thing.

Extraversion • Communicate energy and enthusiasm

• Respond quickly without long pauses to think

• Focus of talk is on people and things in the external environment

• Need to moderate expression

• Seek opportunities to communicate in groups

• Prefer face-to-face over written communication

• In meetings, like talking out loud before coming to conclusions

Introversion • Keep energy and enthusiasm inside

• Like to think before responding

• Focus is on internal ideas and thoughts

• Need to be drawn out

• Seek opportunities to communicate one-on-one

• Prefer written over face-to-face communication

• In meetings, verbalise already well thought out conclusions




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Preferred Methods of Communication (continued)

Sensing • Like evidence (facts, details and examples) presented first

• Want practical and realistic applications shown

• Rely on direct experience to provide anecdotes

• Use an orderly step-by-step approach in presentations

• Like suggestions to be straightforward and feasible

• Refers to specific examples

• In meetings, more inclined to follow the agenda

iNtuition • Like global schemes, with broad issues presented first

• Want possible future challenges discussed

• Rely on insights and imagination to provoke discussion

• Use a roundabout approach in presentations

• Like suggestions to be novel and unusual

• Refer to a general concept

• In meetings, are inclined to bypass the agenda




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Thinking • Prefer to be brief and concise

• Want the pros and cons of each alternative to be listed

• Can be intellectually critical and objective

• Convinced by cool, impersonal reasoning

• Present goals and objectives first

• Consider emotions and feelings as data to weigh up

• In meetings, seeks involvement with tasks

Feeling • Prefers to be sociable and friendly

• Wants to know why an alternative is valuable and how it affects people

• Can be interpersonally appreciative

• Convinced by personal information, enthusiastically delivered

• Present points of agreement first

• Consider logic and objectivity as data to value

• In meetings, seek involvement with people




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Judgement • Want to discuss schedules and timetables with tight deadlines

• Dislike surprises and want advance warning

• Expect others to follow-through, and counts on them doing so

• State their positions and decisions clearly

• Communicate results and achievements

• Talk of purpose and direction

• In meetings, focus on the task to be done

Perception • Willing to discuss the schedule but are uncomfortable with tight deadlines

• Enjoy surprises and like adapting to last-minute changes

• Expect others to adapt to situational requirements

• Present their views as tentative and modifiable

• Communicate options and opportunities

• Talk of autonomy and flexibility

• In meetings, focus on the process to be appreciated



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Effects of Preferences In Work Situations Your occupation is influenced by your type.

Extraverts • Like variety and action

• Tend to be faster, dislike complicated procedures

• Are often good at greeting people. Like to have people around

• Are often impatient with long slow jobs

• Are interested in the results of their job, and in getting it done

• Often do not mind the interruption of answering the telephone

• Often act quickly, sometimes without thinking

• Usually communicate freely

Introverts • Like quiet for concentration

• Tend to be careful with details, dislike sweeping statements

• Have trouble remembering names and faces

• Tend not to mind working on one project for a long time uninterruptedly

• Are interested in the idea behind their job

• Dislike telephone intrusions and interruptions

• Like to think a lot before they act, sometimes without acting

• Work contentedly alone

• Have some problems communicating




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Effects of Preferences In Work Situations (continued) Sensing Types • Dislike new problems unless there are standard ways to solve them. Like an established way of doing things.

• Enjoy using skills already learned more than learning new ones

• Work more steadily, with realistic idea of how long it will take

• Usually reach a conclusion step-by-step

• Are patient with routine details

• Are impatient when the details get complicated

• Are not often inspired, and rarely trust the inspiration when they are

• Seldom make errors of fact. Tend to be good at precise work

Intuitive Types • Like solving new problems. Dislike doing the same thing repeatedly

• Enjoy learning a new skill more than using it

• Work in bursts of energy powered by enthusiasm, with slack periods in between.

• Reach a conclusion quickly

• Are impatient with routine details

• Are patient with complicated situations

• Follow their inspirations, good or bad

• Frequently make errors of fact • Dislike taking time for precision




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Effects of Preferences In Work Situations (continued)

Thinking Types • Don’t show emotion readily. Are often uncomfortable dealing with people’s feelings

• May hurt people’s feelings without knowing it

• Like analysis and putting things into logical order

• Can get along without harmony

• Tend to decide impersonally, paying insufficient attention to people’s wishes

• Need to be treated fairly

• Are able to reprimand people or fire them when necessary

• Are more analytically oriented — respond more easily to people’s thoughts

• Tend to be firm-minded

Feeling Types • Tend to be very aware of other people and their feelings. Enjoy pleasing people, even in unimportant things

• Like harmony — their efficiency may be badly disturbed by office feuds

• Often let decisions be influenced by their own or other’s personal likes and wishes

• Need occasional praise

• Dislike telling people unpleasant things

• Are more people-oriented — respond more easily to people’s values

• Tend to be sympathetic




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Effects of Preferences In Work Situations (continued)

Judging Types • Work best when they can plan their work and follow the plan

• Like to get things settled and finished

• May decide things too quickly

• May dislike interrupting the project they are on for a more urgent one

• May not notice new things that need to be done

• Want only the essentials needed to begin their work

• Tend to be satisfied once they reach a judgement on a thing, situation or person

Perceptive Types • Adapt well to changing situations

• Do not mind leaving things open for alterations

• May have trouble making decisions

• May start too many projects and have difficulty in finishing them

• May postpone unpleasant jobs

• Want to know all about a new job

• Tend to be curious and welcome new light on a thing, situation, or person

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