Wind Energy and Ancillary Services - anev.org · Wind Energy and Ancillary Services M. Annese,...

Wind Energy and Ancillary ServicesM. Annese, Responsabile Grid&SCADA area MED

16/02/2018, Roma, Convegno ANEV, «I servizi di rete nel sistema elettrico decarbonizzato: il contributo della fonte eolica» Restricted

System services from wind powerAgenda

Introduction

Forecasting wind

What can wind do for the power system?

VestasOnline® Power Plant Controller

Conclusion and what to remember

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Vestas in briefThe only global wind energy company

16.02.2018

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We employ more than 22,700 people worldwide and have more than 35 years of experience with wind energy

+ 22,700We have more than 37,500 turbines under service agreements, or around 72 GW

+37,500We have more than 62,000 turbines or 87 GW installed in 76 countries worldwide spanning six continents

+ 62,000

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Vestas in Italy since 1998Sales, construction, service and blade production unit

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Vestas is present in Italy since 1998 and employ around 675 people in Blade Factory and around 428 people in Sales and Service organization

+ 1,103We have more than 4GW under service agreements

+4,142 MWWe have close to 4GW total installed capacity

+ 3,837 MW

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Introduction

Forecasting wind





Forecast How good can we predict the wind power?

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Vestas Online Power Forecast Report: Forecast period 2014-12-01 – 2015-02-01,

MAE: mean absolute error. RMSE root mean square error

Vestas Forecast

Example “German portfolio”Portfolio of nearly 956MW• 12h forecast

• Approx. 5% mean absolute error• 36h forecast

• less than 10% mean absolute error

Conclusion: • Accurate Forecast is a “must” to

participate to Ancillary Service market• Good accuracy on short time horizons • Wind power more predictable with

Intraday and Day Ahead Forecast• Wind can participate in Ancillary Service

markets on short time horizons

VestasOnlinePowerForecast

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Introduction

Forecasting wind






Balancing the power system requires flexible production units

What is flexibility?

(1) How Fast to Ramp Down?

(2) How Long time?

(3) How Fast to Ramp Up?

(4) How often? Pr

oduc

tion

MW

Time

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9

SOURCE: ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EPRI) VALUES FOR WIND POWER ARE BASED ON VESTAS

Technology Ramp Rate Minimum Stable Output

Minimum Down Time

Wind Power ±100% in tens of seconds Lower than 20% Tens of seconds

Combined Cycle Gas Plants ±2.5% per min >40%-50% Hours

Coal Fired Plants ±1% per min >25% Hours

Pump Hydro Plants +100% per min or -100% per min >40% Minutes

Nuclear …… >50% Days-WeeksInterconnector 10% per min Trading Dependent Seconds

What can wind do for the power system?Wind: the most flexible generation


Example Fast Power Regulation of Wind Power Plant

Wind is able to change power set-point very fast

Flexibility in power regulationUtilize wind turbines as fast control

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“Øst for Vemb” Denmark

12 x V112 3.45MW Changing set-point 16.5MW 37.1MW 21.7MW

Example Fast Frequency Control

Advantage Wind is able change power set-point very fast Fast down regulation

Challenges: Forecast horizon of wind Up-regulation capability is normally expensive due to

need of spinning reserve or storage

Important conclusion Develop ancillary service markets with short time horizon Split frequency control into “upward/downwards

frequency” market allowing asymmetrical bids

Fast Power RegulationUtilize wind turbines as control and Primary Frequency Regulation


60% in 5 secs

100% in 15 secsRamp-up test “Øst for Vemb”, Denmark

frequency test

5MW 39MW

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DMOL*

A

B C

D E

fnom

P0

PmaxSlopeAB

P (kW)

SlopeCD

DMOL*

Ffstop f measurement (Hz)fdbUF fdbOF

UF DB OF

*DMOL: Plant level technical minimum operation level without pausing WTGs(e.g. 10%Pnominal).

What can wind do for the power system?Voltage Regulation


Supporting the system voltage• Fast reactive power control loop• Fast voltage control loop

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• Increased Power Losses due to higher level of current circulation in the collector system

• Voltage droop control • Voltage PI control

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Steady-state Reactive Power ControlResponse in Q-control mode: Reactive power reference steps ~9.5% (10MVAr)

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time [s]

Reac

tive

Pow

er [P

U]

QrefQmeas

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Time [s]

Reac

tive

Pow

er [P

U]

QrefQmeas

• Response time in the order of 1s


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Steady-state Reactive Power ControlResponse in V-control mode (droop): Voltage step ~1% - 10% droop

1.01

1.015

1.02

1.025

1.03

1.035

1.04

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Time [s]

Volta

ge [P

U]

VrefVmeas

-0.12

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Time [s]

Reac

tive

Pow

er [P

U]

QrefQmeas


15

Steady-state Reactive Power ControlResponse in V-control mode (closed loop controller): Voltage step ~1%

1.028

1.03

1.032

1.034

1.036

1.038

1.04

1.042

1.044

0 5 10 15 20Time [s]

Volta

ge [P

U]

VrefVmeas

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0 5 10 15 20

Time [s]

Reac

tive

Pow

er [P

U]

Qref_WTGsQmeas_PCC



Hybrid system can help on Ancillary ServicesComplementarity of wind, solar and storage can help on active power, frequency and voltage control

Fulfill grid codes and enter new revenue streams

• More stable load/quality to comply with strict grid codes

• Higher price of energy and new ancillary services revenues

Improved Capacity Factor

• Complementary generation patterns

• Mitigates physical asset-related restrictions

Increase Energy Production

• Use complementary generation to increase AEP and optimize supply-demand match

Reduce CAPEX, OPEX and DEVEX• Reduction from sharing &

optimization of equipment and infrastructure

• Case specific avoidance of some equipment

secure license to operate and/or enter into new markets

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• Right-sized assets improve project return• Increase production• Reduce intermittency/forecast error• Allow energy reserve• Support voltage control

Vestas Hybrid Power Plant Focus


Wind, PV and storage in co-located setup multi MW-scale grid-connected. SAWP for small plants.

Co-located wind and PV

Pilot: Louzes, GR

PPC/SCADA

Pilot: Lem Kær, DK

Co-located wind and storage

PPC/SCADA PPC/SCADA

TC

Solar Assisted Wind Power

(SAWP)

Pilot: SPAIN

PPC/SCADA

Bespoke: Kennedy, AU

Co-located wind, PV and storage

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Introduction

Forecasting wind





VestasOnline® Power Plant Controller Central control system to enable System Services @ PCC

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Point of connection

Option to integrate additional Q sourcing

Point of Measurement Vestas VOB SCADA:• Monitoring plant and component operation• Interface for the plant operator

Vestas Power Plant Controller (PPC):• Dedicated controller for grid interface @ PCC• Real time, fast, reliable, precise control• Receives and dispatches setpoints• Manages WTGs and other BoP components• Control platform open to integrate third party equipment via various

industrial protocols

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Introduction

Forecasting wind





Many technical possibilities to support the power system with wind power through real time centralized control system

Wind farms are not thermal power plants– they have different characteristics (sometimes better than power plants)

We need commercial/regulatory changes to create a more level playing field and thereby enabling wind power to support the system

Markets need to be adapted to get the advantage of wind powerExamples on how to adapt the market:- Divide products into Up and Down regulation- Ancillary service remuneration- Develop ancillary service markets with short time horizon

ConclusionWhat to remember?

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Thank you for your attention

Wind Energy and Ancillary Services - anev.org · Wind Energy and Ancillary Services M. Annese,...

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