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Ancillary Services from Wind Farms

Hansen, Anca Daniela; Margaris, Ioannis; Zeni, Lorenzo; Sørensen, Poul Ejnar; Cutululis, NicolaosAntonio

Publication date:2011

Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Link back to DTU Orbit

Citation (APA):Hansen, A. D. (Author), Margaris, I. (Author), Zeni, L. (Author), Sørensen, P. E. (Author), & Cutululis, N. A.(Author). (2011). Ancillary Services from Wind Farms. Sound/Visual production (digital)

An

cilla

ryS

ervi

ces

from

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dFa

rms

An

cilla

ry S

ervi

ces

from

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d F

arm

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a D

. H

anse

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iIo

anni

s M

arga

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ul S

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ulul

is(p

rese

nter

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icol

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ente

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An

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ervi

ces

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illar

ySe

rvic

esar

esu

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tse

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esin

the

pow

ersy

stem

,pa

rticu

larly

thos

ew

hich

are

nece

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supp

ort

the

trans

mis

sion

itd

tili

it

ii

litli

bilit

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aint

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199

6):

(,

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s re

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wer

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e an

d in

sura

nce

Rea

l pow

er: f

requ

ency

regu

latio

n, ra

mpi

ng s

ched

ules

, ene

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imba

lanc

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ssco

mpe

nsat

ion

and

unit

com

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ent

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and

gen

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2

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the

stru

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ads

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e m

echa

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osts

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now

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opt

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e in

tegr

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win

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the

pow

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duce

the

requ

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grid

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cost

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Win

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llers

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ind

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Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

4

Grid

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port

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Dem

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trol w

ind

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ion

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cont

rolle

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oduc

tion

(con

trol t

asks

)

Di

th

Cl

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ref

P

Win

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Win

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ei

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Con

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Mai

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mop

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WT

ref

ref

Q

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ø D

TU,

Tech

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ity o

f D

enm

ark

5

Avai

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Mea

sure

men

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PC

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Win

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Win

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atus

Ava

ilabl

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equi

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atio

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tion

Impo

sed

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d op

erat

ion

Win

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ntro

l lev

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WT

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Tav

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ble

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PI

Pow

erra

mp

rate

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set

P

ne control level

+_

WF

ref

Pi

WT

ref

P

Mai

n co

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ller

freq

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+

Disp

atch

cont

rol

Pow

erre

fere

nce

setti

ngs

Pow

erra

mp

rate

limite

r

Bal

ance

Del

ta l

PC

Cm

eas

P

Wind turbin

Freq

uenc

y co

ntro

lP

CC

mea

sf

setti

ngs

Freq

uecy

, vol

tage

WF

ref

Qi

WT

ref

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oop/

dead

band

PI+

_

Volta

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l

volt

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+W

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Ris

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Tech

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ity o

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6

PC

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U

Pow

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ol g

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arm

ASW

T eq

uipp

ed w

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ppro

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te c

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olle

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ynam

ic p

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con

trol

idi

tt

Qd

dca

n pr

ovid

e a

rela

tivel

ly fa

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spon

se

to c

hang

es in

act

ive

pow

er d

eman

ds.

new

P s

etpo

int r

each

ed w

ithin

a fe

w s

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ds

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edia

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spon

se to

Qde

man

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the

limits

of c

apac

itor b

ank)

ne

w Q

refe

renc

e re

ache

d in

less

than

0.5

s.

quic

kly

cont

rol o

f vol

tage

6.50

0

DIgSILENT

6 M

WPo

wer

dem

and

from

syst

em o

pera

tor

Pow

er

refe

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e

4.00

0

3.00

0

DIgSILENT

Rea

ctiv

e po

wer

dem

and

4.00

0

3.00

0

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Rea

ctiv

e po

wer

dem

and

5.00

0

3.50

0

Win

d fa

rm a

vaila

ble

pow

er

W]

yp

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e

700.

056

0.0

420.

028

0.0

140.

00.

00[s

]

2.00

0

1.00

0

0.00

-1.0

00

Win

d fa

rm re

activ

e po

wer

in P

CC

[MVar] in PCC70

0.0

560.

042

0.0

280.

014

0.0

0.00

[s]

2.00

0

1.00

0

0.00

-1.0

00

Win

d fa

rm re

activ

e po

wer

in P

CC

[MVar] in PCC

2.00

0

0.50[MW

1 M

W

2 M

W

Pow

er

refe

renc

e4.

000

3.00

0

2.00

0

1.00

0

[MVar] in PCC4.00

0

3.00

0

2.00

0

1.00

0

[MVar] in PCC

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

7

1830

.14

64.

1098

.73

2.0

366.

00.

00[s

]-1

.000

Win

d fa

rm P

CC

pow

er0

MW

[sec

]20

6.0

204.

020

2.0

200.

019

8.0

196.

0[s

]

0.00

-1.0

00[s

ec]

206.

020

4.0

202.

020

0.0

198.

019

6.0

[s]

0.00

-1.0

00[s

ec]

Pow

er c

ontr

ol g

rid

su

pp

ort:

DFI

G/

PM

SG

w

ind

farm

win

d f

arm

Varia

ble

spee

dw

ind

turb

ines

(DFI

Gor

PMSG

)re

spon

dim

med

iate

lyto

chan

ges

inP

and

Q

PMSG

have

bette

rgrid

supp

ortc

apab

ility

than

DFI

G

idhi

ht

fti

resp

ond

imm

edia

tely

toch

ange

sin

Pan

dQ

dem

ands

from

pow

ersy

stem

oper

ator

.co

ntro

lind

epen

dent

lyP

and

Q

can

prov

ide

ahi

gher

amou

ntof

reac

tive

pow

erca

nsu

ppor

tvol

tage

leve

lto

ahi

gher

leve

lre

cove

rsfa

ster

the

volta

ge

4.60

0

3.88

0

DIgSILENT

Avai

labl

e po

wer

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

13.0

012

.00

11.0

010

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9.00

08.

000

DIgSILENT

Wind speed [m/s]

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

13.0

012

.00

11.0

010

.00

9.00

08.

000

DIgSILENT

Wind speed [m/s]12

00.

960.

072

0.0

480.

024

0.0

0.00

[s]

3.16

0

2.44

0

1.72

0

1.00

0

Del

ta c

ontro

l =

0.5

MW

dow

n

Bal

ance

Del

ta c

ontro

l =

0.5

MW

dow

nM

ax. p

rodu

ctio

nM

ax.

prod

uctio

nM

ax. p

rodu

ctio

n

Actu

al p

ower

Bala

nce

2MW

2MW

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

20.0

016

.00

12.0

08.

004.

000.

00-4

.00

1.05

01.

025

1.00

00

975

Pitchangle [deg] d [pu]

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

20.0

016

.00

12.0

08.

004.

000.

00-4

.00

1.05

01.

025

1.00

00

975

Pitchangle [deg] d [pu]

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

ctive power [MVar]

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

0.97

50.

950

0.92

5

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

-0.5

0

Speed Pgrid[Mvar]

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

0.97

50.

950

0.92

5

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

-0.5

0

Speed Pgrid[Mvar]

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

8

1200

.96

0.0

720.

048

0.0

240.

00.

00[s

]

0.00

-0.5

0

-1.0

0

Reac

[sec

]

Qde

man

d= 1

Mva

rQ

dem

and

= 0

Mva

r

260.

020

8.0

156.

010

4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

2.00

1.00

0.00

-1.0

0

-2.0

0[s

ec]

Qgrid[Mvar]

260.

020

8.0

156.

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4.0

52.0

00.

000

[s]

2.00

1.00

0.00

-1.0

0

-2.0

0[s

ec]

Qgrid[Mvar]

DFI

G w

ind

turb

ine

PMSG

with

full

scal

e co

nver

ter w

ind

turb

ine

Vol

tag

e co

ntr

ol g

rid

su

pp

ort

DFI

G/

PM

SG

w

ind

farm

win

d f

arm

Varia

ble

spee

dw

ind

turb

ines

(DFI

Gor

PMSG

)pa

rtici

pate

topr

oper

lyre

esta

blis

hth

egr

idvo

ltage

durin

ga

grid

faul

tpa

rtici

pate

topr

oper

lyre

esta

blis

hth

egr

idvo

ltage

durin

ga

grid

faul

t.ca

nhe

lpa

near

byac

tive

stal

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dfa

rmto

FRT,

with

outa

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ditio

nalr

ide

thro

ugh

cont

rols

etup

inth

ene

arby

activ

est

allw

ind

farm

1.50

0

1.20

0

0.90

0.60

DIgSILENT

age WFT [pu]

12

300.

00

200.

00

DIgSILENT

WFT [MW]

ba

190.

0

150.

0

110.

0

70.0

0

5.00

3.75

2.50

1.25

0.00

[s]

0.30

-0.0

00

Volta wer WFT [MW]

12

210

.00

7.50

5.00

2.50

0.00

[s]

100.

00

0.00

-100

.00

300.

00Active power ]

cd

dam

ping

effe

cton

ASW

F fo

r (b)

and

(c)

wor

stca

se fo

r ASW

F is

(a)

bt

fAS

WF

i(b

)

5.00

3.75

2.50

1.25

0.00

[s]

30.0

0

-10.

00

150.

0

100.

0

50.0

0

0.00

Active pow ower WFT [Mvar]

1

12

200.

00

100.

00

0.00

-100

.00

active power WFT [Mvar]

cd

best

case

for A

SWF

is(b

)

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

9

5.00

3.75

2.50

1.25

0.00

[s]

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00

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.0

Reactive po

[sec]

1-

DFIG

win

d fa

rm w

ithou

t vol

tage

grid

supp

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IG w

ind

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with

volta

ge gr

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ppor

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DFI

G-W

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F w

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FIG

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with

/AS-

WF

with

out

10.0

07.

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002.

500.

00[s

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00.0

0

Rea

[sec

]

ab

c -

DFI

G-W

F w

ith/A

S-W

F w

ith

d

-DFI

G-W

F w

ithou

t/ A

S-W

F w

ith

Freq

uen

cy c

ontr

ol

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

10

Freq

uen

cy c

ontr

ol –

pri

mar

y re

spon

se

df dtin

ertia

Kf

droo

pK

(ii) D

roop

Con

trol

(i) In

ertia

Con

trol (

“virt

ual i

nerti

a”)

dt

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

11

Freq

uen

cy c

ontr

ol s

chem

e

PIPI

casc

ade

rPef

iM

axim

umPo

wer

Tki

P

++

gen

int

Trac

king

Po

Gen

eral

freq

uenc

y co

ntro

l sch

eme

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

12

Dro

op c

ontr

ol

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

13

Sou

rce

:I. E

rlich

, 201

0

Kin

etic

en

erg

y 1

(vi

rtu

al i

ner

tia)

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

14

Sou

rce

:I. E

rlich

, 201

0

Kin

etic

en

erg

y 2

(te

mp

orar

y d

roop

)

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

15

Sou

rce

:I. E

rlich

, 201

0

Freq

uen

cy c

ontr

ol

Ris

ø D

TU,

Tech

nica

l Uni

vers

ity o

f D

enm

ark

16

Sou

rce

:I. E

rlich

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