Which country was the 1 st to industrialize? Great Britain! Why? Natural Resources Gov’t...
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Which country was the 1st to industrialize? Great Britain! Why?
Natural Resources Gov’t Support Lots of Labor
Agric Rev’n Capital ($$$$$)
Via trade Transportation
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Effects of Industrialization Urbanization -> Growth of Cities Living Conditions:
Initially – Bad Later after reforms – Improved
standard of living Working Conditions:
Dangerous, dirty, unsanitary Later after reforms – Incr Wages, less
hrs, better conditions
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Social classes Rise of the middle classResentment from upper and lower classes
Better transportation Steam -> Railroads! Ships
Widened the gap between industrialized & non-industrialized nations
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Technological Advances Kay’s Flying shuttle helped speed up weaving
Arkwright’s water frame enabled more efficient weaving & created the need for factories
Cotton gin Steam Engine for factories
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Emergence of Capitalism What famous economist?
Adam Smith! Self-Interest & Competition leads to Best Goods at the Lowest Prices
Gov’t shouldn’t interfere w/ economy Laissez Faire
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MarxismKarlProblem: Workers are exploited
Class struggle is inevitable
Leads to socialism/communism
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What is Imperialism?
Foreign control of a people or territory EconomicallyCulturallyPolitically
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Old ImperialismAge of Exploration (Think Columbus 1492)
Spain -> South AmericaFrance & GB -> North America
Slavery
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Forms Colony
An imperial power OPENLY controlling another territory/ppl
Protectorate Puppet Gov’t
Sphere of Influence Exclusive Trading Benefits for imperial
power Econ Imperialism
Politically independent country controlled by private foreign companies
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Why? $
IR Prestige (Improve Nat’l Social
Status) Religion
Missionaries/Christianity Cultural
“Civilize” them Justification:
Social DarwinismThe strongest should survive
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New Imperialism 1850-1914 Africa Asia Causes
Nationalism -> Competition, Prestige
$ - IR -> Need Resources Missionary Spirit, Religion
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Resistance to ImperialismAfrica
Armed resistance, most often failed.
Berlin Conference – European countries “Carved” up Africa w/o African representation
By 1914 only Liberia & Ethiopia were independent
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India “Crown Jewel” colony of GB Armed resistance (Sepoy Rebellion)
China Resistance: Sun Yat-Sen Armed ResistanceOpium Wars
Japan Industrialized
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Causes
MANIA
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MilitarismAlliances (Entangling)
NationalismImperialismAssassination
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Entangling AlliancesInitial Dispute: Serbia & A-HRussia supports SerbiaGermany supports A-HFrance supports RussiaGermany’s Schlieffen Plan violates Belgium which pulls in GB
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Triple Alliance Italy Germany Austria-Hungary
Will become the
Central Powers
Triple EntenteFranceGreat Britain
RussiaWill become the
Allies
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Total War Gov’t took control of economies (factories)
Rationing Women joined the work force
Higher Employment Propaganda
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Both: Massive Casualties & Destruction
Western Front Eastern Front Trench Warfare Small land gains Germany, GB &
France Stalemate
No Trenches Large land gains Germany, A-H,
Turks vs Russia & Serbs
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3 Major Events Armenian Genocide
Ottoman Turks systematically try to eliminate Armenians
US Joins the Allies 1917 German Submarine Warfare sings the
Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram
Russian Rev’n 1918 – Promising Peace, Bread & Land Lenin
signs the Treat y of Brest-Litovsk w/ Germany which gives up land to Germany & gets Russia out of the war
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Wilson’s 14 Points Proposed Peace Plan End secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Reduce military Be fair to colonial ppl Suggestions for creating new nations
w/ self-determination Nations need to come together to
protect each other (would become the League of Nations)
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Treaty of Versailles Signed Agreement League of Nations
No Germany or Russia Germany loses A-L & all of its
overseas colonies Germany must decrease military War Guilt clause
Sole responsibility for WWI Reparation payments $33 Billion over
30 yrs
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Effects of WWI Generation of Europeans killed or
wounded Dynasties fall
A-H, Germany (Hohezollern family), Russia (Romanovs)
New Countries Created League of Nations created to
promote Peace Long-Term Effects
Some nations feel betrayed & resentful w/ outcome
Nationalism & Competition remain
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Effect on Art/Lit “Lost Generation”
Generation of people born between 1883 and 1900
Disillusioned by WWI. Pioneered new styles of artistic expression through writing.
Spent considerable amounts of time outside the US
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Gertrude SteinErnest Hemingway Thomas Eliot