Chemistry of the atmosphere Low demand – Questions

Q1.The table shows the gases in the Earth’s atmosphere today.

 

Gas Percentage (%)

N2 78.0

O2 21.0

Ar 0.9

Other gases X

(a)     What is the percentage of X?

Tick one box. 

0.01% 0.1% 1% 10%

(1)

(b)     Complete Figure 1.

Plot the data from the table on Figure 1.

Figure 1

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(1)

(c)     What is the name of the gas with symbol Ar?

Tick one box. 

Aluminium

Argon

Arsenic

Astatine

(1)

(d)     Figure 2 shows the gases in the atmosphere of Mars today.

Figure 2

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Some theories suggest that the Earth’s early atmosphere was the same as the atmosphere of Mars today.

Describe the change in the percentage of oxygen from the Earth’s early atmosphere to the Earth’s atmosphere today.

Use values from the table and Figure 2.

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(e)     Figure 3 shows the percentage of greenhouse gases from human activities.

Figure 3

Compare the contribution of each activity to the total amount of greenhouse gases.

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Use data from Figure 3.

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(f)      Suggest one way greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced.

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___________________________________________________________________(1)

(g)     Give one reason why it is difficult for some countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 11 marks)

Q2.The table shows the percentage of some gases in the atmosphere on Earth and on Venus.

 

GasPercentage of gas in

atmosphereEarth Venus

Nitrogen 78.08 3.50

Oxygen 20.95 0.00

Carbon dioxide 0.04 96.50

(a)     Give two differences in the atmosphere on Earth compared with the atmosphere on Venus.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(b)     Give a source of each of the gases below that are found in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Oxygen ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(c)     Water moves between the Earth and its atmosphere.

Describe how water enters and leaves the atmosphere.

How water enters the atmosphere _______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

How water leaves the atmosphere _______________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(d)     The percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere is increasing.

What environmental problem is caused by the increased percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Tick one box. 

Deforestation

Destruction of peat bogs

Global warming

Pollution of streams

(1)

(e)     Suggest two negative impacts of climate change.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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(2)(Total 9 marks)

Q3.This question is about gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.

(a)     The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere decreased during the first billion years of the Earth’s existence.

Complete the sentences. Use words from the box. 

carbonates dissolved evaporated melted nitrates sulfates

The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere decreased because

the carbon dioxide__________________________________ in the oceans.

Sediments were formed when ___________________________ were produced.

Algae and plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen.(2)

(b)     What is the name of this process?

Tick one box. 

Carbon capture

Combustion

Photosynthesis

Polymerisation

(1)

(c)     Complete the word equation for this process.

carbon dioxide   +   _________________   →   glucose   +   ___________________(1)

(d)     Draw one line from each gas to the approximate percentage of the gas in the Earth’s atmosphere today.

 

Gas  Approximate percentage of

gas in the Earth's atmosphere today

 

    <1

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    5

Carbon dioxide    

    10

     

Nitrogen   20

     

    50

Oxygen    

    80

     

    >90

(3)

(e)     Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Why does increasing the amount of carbon dioxide change the global climate?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(f)     How can countries reduce carbon dioxide emissions?

Tick one box. 

only burn methane

use renewable energy supplies

use waste plastic bags as fuel

(1)

(g)     Give one reason why it is difficult for countries to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 10 marks)

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Q4.A student investigated the substances produced when fuels burn.

The figure below shows the apparatus the student used.

 

(a)     The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and one other substance.

Look at the figure above. What would the student see in tube A?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b)     When the student burned the fuel she saw soot in the funnel.

Explain why soot forms.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(c)     The student burned another fuel which contained impurities.

The substance in tube B is water containing universal indicator.

The indicator turned red.

Which gas made the indicator turn red?

Tick one box. 

Ammonia

Carbon monoxide

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Nitrogen

Sulfur dioxide

(1)(Total 4 marks)

Q5.In the future more coal-fired and fewer oil-fired power stations will be used to generate electricity.When coal and oil are burned they produce the same types of emissions which can cause environmental problems.

 

(a)     Emissions from the chimney can cause acid rain, global dimming and global warming. Draw one straight line from each possible environmental problem to the emission that causes it.

 

Possible environmental problem   Emission that causes it 

    carbon particles

acid rain    

    carbon dioxide

global warming    

    sulfur dioxide

global dimming    

    water vapour

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(3)

(b)     Draw a ring around the correct word in the box to complete each sentence. 

    carbon dioxide.

(i) Incomplete combustion of coal or oil is caused by too little nitrogen.

    oxygen.

(1)

    carbon monoxide.

(ii) A gas formed by the incomplete combustion of coal or oil is hydrogen.

    oxygen.

(1)

(c)     The table shows the world production for both coal and oil in 2000.

The world production figures after 2000 are predicted. 

Year World production of coal(billions of tonnes per year)

World production of oil (billions of barrels per year)

2000 3.5 12.5

2050 4.5 5.6

2100 5.0 1.7

2150 5.5 0.5

2200 6.0 0.0

(i)      How is the world production of oil predicted to change from 2000 to 2200?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)      Suggest two reasons why the world production of coal is predicted to increase.

1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

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(Total 8 marks)

Q6.Millions of years ago the Earth’s atmosphere was probably like the atmosphere of Mars today.

(a)     The table below shows percentages of the main gases in the atmospheres of Earth and Mars today.

 

GasPercentage in atmosphere

of Mars today

Percentage in atmosphere

of Earth today

Carbon dioxide 95.00    0.04

Nitrogen    3.50 78.00

Oxygen    0.50 21.00

For each gas in the table, suggest a reason for the change in the percentage of the gas in Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Nitrogen ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Oxygen ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(3)

(b)     The figure below shows how the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere changed between 1900 and 2000.

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One of the causes of the increase in carbon dioxide between 1900 and 2000 is increased use of fossil fuels.

Suggest when use of fossil fuels began to increase.

Use data from the figure above to explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(c)     What is the percentage increase in carbon dioxide levels between 1970 and 2000?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Increase = _______________ %(3)

(d)     Explain how the changes shown in the figure above can have harmful effects on the environment.

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

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(Total 12 marks)

Q7.This question is about the Earth and its atmosphere.

(a)     Figure 1 shows the Earth and its atmosphere billions of years ago.

Figure 1

 

The boiling point of water is 100 °C.

Suggest one reason why there was no liquid water on the Earth’s surface billions of years ago.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b)     The Earth’s atmosphere today contains nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and other gases.

(i)      Draw one line from each substance to a description of the substance.

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 (3)

(ii)     Which gas in the Earth’s atmosphere is used when hydrocarbons burn? 

Tick (✔) one box.  

carbon dioxide

nitrogen

oxygen

(1)

(iii)    What percentage of the Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen? 

Tick (✔) one box.  

about 40%

about 60%

about 80%

(1)

(c)     Figure 2 shows the carbon dioxide percentage (%) in the Earth’s atmosphere since the year 1800.

Figure 2

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(i)      What was the carbon dioxide percentage in 1900?

_______________________ %(1)

(ii)     Describe, in detail, how the carbon dioxide percentage changed from 1900 to 2015.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(iii)    Suggest two reasons for the change in the carbon dioxide percentage from 1900 to 2015.

1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 11 marks)

Q8.Fossil fuels contain carbon.

(a)     The figure below represents a carbon atom.

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Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. 

(i) The name of the particle with a positive charge is

an electron.

a neutron.

a proton.

(1) 

(ii) The centre of the atom is called the

energy level.

molecule.

nucleus.

(1)

(iii)     Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer this question.

Use the correct number from the box to complete each sentence. 

4                6                8                10                12

 

The mass number of this carbon atom is

 

In the periodic table, carbon is in Group

(b)     Coal is a fossil fuel.

A piece of coal contains:

•        80% carbon

•          9% oxygen

•          1% sulfur

•          5% hydrogen.

The rest of the coal is other elements.

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(i)      What is the percentage of other elements in this piece of coal?

________________ %(1)

(ii)     Coal burns in air to produce carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and water.

Draw one line from each product to the type of pollution caused by each product.

 

Product   Type of pollution

    Acid rain

Carbon dioxide    

    Global dimming

Sulfur dioxide    

    Global warming

Water    

    No pollution

(3)(Total 8 marks)

Q9.Some theories suggest that the Earth’s early atmosphere was the same as Mars’ atmosphere today.

The table below shows the percentage of four gases in the atmosphere of Mars today and the atmosphere of Earth today.

 

GasesThe atmosphere of

Mars today Earth today

Carbon dioxide 95.00% 0.04%

Nitrogen   3.50% 78.00%

Argon 1.00% 0.96%

Oxygen 0.50% 21.00%

(a)     Which one of the gases in the table is a noble gas?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

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(i) Noble gases are in Group

0

1

7

(1) 

(ii) Noble gases are

slightly reactive.

unreactive.

very reactive.

(1)

(c)     The percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere was 95.00%.It is 0.04% in the Earth’s atmosphere today.

(i)      Calculate the decrease in the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Decrease in percentage = _______________%(1)

(ii)     Give two reasons for this decrease.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q10.About 3000 million years ago carbon dioxide was one of the main gases in the Earth’s early atmosphere.

 

About 400 million years agoplants and trees grew on mostof the land. When the plantsand trees died they werecovered by sand and slowlydecayed to form coal.

  Today coal is burned in powerstations to release the energyneeded by industry.

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(a)     The bar chart shows the percentage of some of the elements in this coal.

 

(i)      This coal contains 85 % carbon. Draw the bar for carbon on the chart.(1)

(ii)     Coal is burned in the atmosphere to release energy.Two of the products of burning coal are shown.

Draw one line from each product to its environmental impact. 

Product   Environmental impact

    Acid rain

Sulfur dioxide    

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    Global dimming

Carbon particles    

    Global warming

(2)

(b)     Use the information above and your knowledge and understanding to answer these questions.

(i)      How did the formation of coal decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     How does burning coal affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere?Explain your answer.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q11.The bar chart shows some of the gases in the atmospheres of Earth today and Mars today.

 

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(a)     Complete the bar chart to show the percentage of nitrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere today.

(1)

(b)     Some scientists suggest that the Earth’s early atmosphere was like the atmosphere of Mars today.

(i)      There is not much oxygen in the atmosphere of Mars.

Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     The percentage of argon in the Earth’s atmosphere today is the same as it was in the Earth’s early atmosphere.

Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     Compared with the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere there is not much carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere today.

Give one reason for this change.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(d)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

Some theories suggest that the Earth’s early atmosphere was 

  burning fossil fuels.

made by the formation of oceans.

  the eruption of volcanoes.

(1)(Total 5 marks)

Q12.The Earth has a layered structure and is surrounded by an atmosphere.

(a)     The diagram shows the layers of the Earth.

Complete the labels on the diagram.

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 (2)

(b)     The data in the table shows the percentages of the gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.

 

Name of gas Percentage (%) of gas

Nitrogen 78

Oxygen 21

Other gases 1

Present the data in the table on the grid below.

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 (3)

(c)     Millions of years ago a large meteorite hit the Earth.The meteorite heated limestone in the Earth’s crust to a very high temperature.The heat caused calcium carbonate in the limestone to release large amounts of carbon dioxide.

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Draw a ring round the correct answer to complete each sentence. 

    decomposed.

(i) Carbon dioxide was released because the calcium carbonate was evaporated.

    reduced.

(1) 

    acid rain.

(ii) More carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere causes global dimming.

    global warming.

(1)(Total 7 marks)

Q13.In the future:

•        there will be fewer oil burning power stations

•        there may be more wood burning power stations.

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(a)     Which one of the emissions from the chimney can cause acid rain?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. 

  acid rain.

Carbon particles in the Earth’s atmosphere cause global dimming.

  global warming.

(1)

(c)     Which gas in the air is needed for oil or wood to burn?

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(d)     Suggest why there will be fewer power stations burning oil in the future.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(e)     Some power stations burn wood.The wood comes from trees grown in forests.

Suggest why burning wood in power stations is said to be ‘carbon-neutral’.

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q14.Billions of years ago, the Earth’s early atmosphere was probably like the atmosphere of Venus today.

          The table shows a comparison of the atmospheres of the Earth and Venus today. 

  Percentage composition of atmosphere

Name of gas Earth today Venus today

Nitrogen 78 3.5

Oxygen 21 a trace

Argon 0.97 a trace

Carbon dioxide 0.03 96.5

     

Average surface temperature 20 ºC 460 ºC

(a)     Use the names of gases from the table to complete the sentences.

(i)      In the Earth’s atmosphere today, the main gas is ______________________ .(1)

(ii)     In the Earth’s atmosphere billions of years ago, the main gas was

         ______________________________.(1)

(b)     (i)      Scientists do not know the accurate composition of the Earth’s early atmosphere.Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     Use information from the table to answer this question.

         Water vapour is present in the atmospheres of the Earth and Venus today.The Earth’s surface is mainly covered by water.

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         Suggest why there is no water on the surface of Venus.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     The diagram shows how carbon dioxide is removed from the Earth’s atmosphere.

 

          Describe what happened to the carbon dioxide in the Earth’s early atmosphere.Use the diagram to help you.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(3)

(Total 7 marks)

Q15.Global warming is thought to be happening because of the increased burning of fossil fuels. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air from 1905 to 2005 has been calculated.

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(a)     Draw a line of best fit for these points.(1)

(b)     (i)      What was the concentration of carbon dioxide in 1955?

_________________________________________________________ ppm(1)

(ii)     In what year did the concentration of carbon dioxide reach 350 ppm?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     Use the graph to describe, in as much detail as you can, what happened to the concentration of carbon dioxide from 1905 to 2005.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q16.Copper metal is used for electric wires.An alloy of copper, called brass, is used for pins and terminals of electric plugs.

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(a)     Copper metal is relatively soft and flexible.

Give another reason why copper is used for electric wires.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(b)     Brass is an alloy.

What is an alloy?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(c)     Open-cast mining of copper ore makes a very large hole.

 

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(i)      Suggest one environmental problem that is caused by open-cast mining of copper ore.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     Some copper ores contain copper sulfide, CuS.

Copper sulfide is heated in air to produce copper and sulfur dioxide.

          CuS  +  O2  →  Cu  +  SO2

Suggest one environmental problem caused by heating copper sulfide in air.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(d)     The amount of copper-rich ores is estimated to last only a few more years. New houses need several kilometres of copper wire.

(i)      Explain why the need to use so much copper will cause a problem in the future.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     Suggest two ways in which society could overcome this problem.

1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 7 marks)

Q17.Most electricity in the UK is generated in power stations that burn fossil fuels. The diagram lists some of the substances released into the air when fossil fuels are burned.

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(a)     (i)      Which one of the substances released into the air causes acid rain?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(ii)     In the sentence below, draw a ring around the correct answer.

The type of environmental pollution caused by 

smoke particle is

global dimming

global warming

rising sea levels

(1)

(iii)     Suggest how the burning of fossil fuels may cause climate change.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(b)     The table shows the percentage of electricity generated by different energy sources. 

Energysources Renewables Nuclear Coal Gas and Oil

Percentage(%) 8 20 32 40

Complete the bar chart to show the percentage of electricity generated by coal and by gas and oil.

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 (2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q18.The Earth is shaped like a ball and is surrounded by an atmosphere.

(a)     The diagram shows the layered structure of the Earth.

 

Choose words from the box to complete the labels on the diagram. 

core mantle plate

(2)

(b)     Some theories suggest that the Earth’s early atmosphere was like the atmosphere of Mars today.

The bar charts show the three most common gases in each atmosphere today.

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(i)      Use the bar charts to complete the sentence by writing in the correct gases.

In the atmosphere of Mars today there is mainly _____________________

and no _____________________ .(2)

(ii)     Use the bar charts to complete the sentence by writing in the correct number.

These theories suggest that there was about _____________________ % nitrogen in the Earth’s early atmosphere.

(1)

(iii)     The atmosphere of the Earth today has much more nitrogen than in the early atmosphere. Denitrifying bacteria released most of this nitrogen into the atmosphere.

There are other differences between the Earth’s early atmosphere and the atmosphere of the Earth today.

Use the bar charts to describe and explain two of these other differences.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(3)

(Total 8 marks)

Q19.(a)     During the first billion years of the Earth’s existence, there were many active

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volcanoes. The volcanoes released the gases that formed the early atmosphere.

 

          Describe how volcanoes caused the oceans to be formed.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(b)     The atmosphere on Earth today is very different from the early atmosphere.

          The pie chart shows the amounts of different gases in the air today. Choose gases from the box to label the pie chart.

 

argon            carbon dioxide          hydrogen         nitrogen       oxygen

 (2)

(Total 4 marks)

Q20.In the carbon cycle the amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air are changed by several processes.

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          (a)          The names of some processes are given in the box below.

 

combustion               decomposition             neutralisation

photosynthesis                                    respiration

          Choose the correct process for each box in the diagram. The first one has been done for you.

(2)

(b)     Fossil fuels, such as natural gas, react with oxygen.

CH4  +  2O2  →  CO2  +  2H2O

_____________  +  oxygen  →  carbon dioxide  +  _____________

Complete the word equation for this reaction (2)

(c)     What problem is caused by the formation of large amounts of carbon dioxide?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 5 marks)

Q21.(a)     Air is a mixture of gases. The pie chart shows the percentages, by volume, of the

main gases in dry air. Complete the chart by adding the names of these three gases.

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 (3)

(b)     Complete each of the four spaces in the sentences by choosing the best word from the box.

condenses       condensing     evaporates     evaporating

 

melts   sea       trees    vapour

The air in the atmosphere above this country always contains ________________ .

Most of this is the result of water ________________ from the surface of the

_________________ . Some of it ________________ to form millions of tiny

drops of water in clouds.(4)

(c)     Thousands of millions of years ago the Earth’s early atmosphere was formed. Complete the following sentence.

The carbon dioxide in this early atmosphere probably came from ______________

_________________________________________________________________ .(1)

(Total 8 marks)

Q22.The figure below shows a power station.

Fossil fuels are burnt at some power stations.

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 © Uli Hamacher/iStock

(a)     Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

Fossil fuels release energy by 

combustion. decomposition. distillation.

(1)

(b)     Burning fuels can also release substances which cause an environmental effect.

Draw one line from each substance to an environmental effect caused by the substance.

 

Substance   Environmental effect

    Acid rain

Carbon dioxide    

    Bioleaching

Oxides of nitrogen    

    Global dimming

Solid particles    

    Global warming

(3)(Total 4 marks)

Q23.Figure 1 shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air from 1980 to 2010.

Figure 1

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                         Year

(a)     Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence. 

burning fossil fuels earthquakes photosynthesis

The main reason for the change in carbon dioxide concentration is

_________________________________________________ .(1)

(b)     Scientists estimate that in 2020, the carbon dioxide concentration in parts per million will be 430.

Plot this point on the graph.

Draw a line of best fit to complete the graph.(2)

(c)     Figure 2 shows part of the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef is in an ocean.The Great Barrier Reef is made of coral. Coral is made by tiny living organisms.

Figure 2

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                                                                   © pniesen/iStock/Thinkstock

Scientists measured the amount of coral on the reef from 1980 to 2010.The scientists used the data to predict the amount of coral on the reef in 2020.

The results are shown in the table below. 

Year Relative amount of coral

1980 100

2010 50

2020 25

Use information from Figure 1 and the table.

What conclusion can you make about the change in carbon dioxide concentration in the air and the amount of coral on the reef from 1980 to 2020?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q24.This question is about the Earth’s atmosphere today.

(a)     The bar chart shows the percentage by mass of the gases in dry air from the atmosphere.

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 Gases

(i)      What percentage of the atmosphere is gas A? ____________________ %(1)

(ii)     Use gases from the box to answer this question. 

bromine hydrogen nitrogen oxygen

Name gas A and gas B shown on the bar chart.

Gas A: ___________________________________

Gas B: ___________________________________(2)

(b)     The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has changed.

The graph shows how the concentration of carbon dioxide has changed since 1800.

                               Year

(i)      Describe how the concentration of carbon dioxide has changed since 1800.

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______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(ii)     Complete the following sentence.

The main process that has caused the change in carbon dioxide is the burning

of ___________________________________________ .(1)

(Total 6 marks)

Q25.(a)     Table 1 shows the percentages of gases in the atmospheres of Earth and Mars.

 Table 1

GasPercentage of gas (%)

Earth Mars

Carbon dioxide 0.04 95

Nitrogen 78 3

Oxygen 21 0.13

Using Table 1, describe how the atmosphere of the Earth is different from the atmosphere of Mars.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(b)     Table 2 shows the mean surface temperature of three planets. 

Table 2

  Earth Mars Venus

Mean surface temperature in °C 20 -23 460

Oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface.

Mars and Venus have water vapour in their atmospheres.

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Why does the water vapour not form oceans on their surfaces?

Mars: ______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Venus: _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(2)

(Total 4 marks)

Q26.Exhaust fumes from petrol engines pollute the air.

 Photograph supplied by iStockphoto/Thinkstock

(a)     Which two substances are produced when petrol is burned in a plentiful supply of air?

Tick ( ) two boxes. 

Carbon dioxide

Hydrocarbons

Oxygen

Water

(2)

(b)     Some petrol contains sulfur.

Use words from the box to complete each sentence.

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acid rain dimming nitrogen oxide sulfur dioxide

particles fuel warming carbon dioxide

When sulfur is burned, the gas formed is _________________________________ .

This gas dissolves in water to form ____________________________________ .

Solid ____________________________________ in car exhaust fumes cause

global ____________________________________ .(4)

(Total 6 marks)

Q27.The bar chart shows the composition of the atmosphere on Mars.

 

Complete each sentence to give three differences between the composition of the atmospheres on Mars and on Earth.

The atmosphere on Mars has a much higher percentage of ___________________ .

The atmosphere on Mars has a much lower percentage of ____________________ .

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The atmosphere on Mars has no _________________________ .(Total 3 marks)

Q28.Active volcanoes give off gases.

 Koryaksky volcano, Russia.

Photo by Jack Lockwood of the USGS, public domain via wikimedia commons

The table shows the percentages of gases a volcano gives off. 

Name of gas Percentage (%) of gas

Carbon dioxide 49

Water vapour 37

Sulfur dioxide 12

Carbon monoxide 2

(a)     Scientists use this data to predict what the Earth’s early atmosphere was like and how the oceans were formed.

Use information from the table to help you answer the following questions.

(i)      Describe how a gas released from volcanoes caused the oceans to be formed.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

(ii)     Gases from volcanoes formed the Earth’s early atmosphere.

Which was the main gas in the Earth’s atmosphere billions of years ago?

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______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii)    Which two other gases were also present in the Earth’s early atmosphere?

Tick ( ) two boxes. 

Gas Tick ( )

Ammonia

Chlorine

Fluorine

Methane

(2)

(b)     What are the two main gases in the Earth’s atmosphere today?

Tick ( ) two boxes. 

Gas Tick ( )

Chlorine

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

(2)

(c)     (i)      Draw a ring around the correct answer in the box to complete the sentence.

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing. 

combustion.

The main process causing this is condensation.

photosynthesis.

(1)

(ii)     How is carbon from carbon dioxide locked up in sedimentary rocks?

Tick ( ) two boxes. 

Tick ( )

In calcium carbonate

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In the mantle

In fossil fuels

In the Earth’s core

(2)(Total 10 marks)

Q29.Billions of years ago, the Earth’s early atmosphere was probably like the atmosphere of Venus today.

The table shows the temperature and the percentage composition of the atmospheres of the Earth and Venus today.

 

  Percentage (%) composition of atmosphere

Name of gas Earth today Venus today

Nitrogen 78 3.5

Oxygen 20.6 a trace

Argon 0.97 a trace

Carbon dioxide 0.03 96.5

Water vapour 0.4 a trace

Average surface temperature 20 °C 460 °C

(a)     Use information from the table to help you to answer each part.

(i)      In the Earth’s atmosphere billions of years ago

the main gas was _______________________________ .(1)

(ii)     The Earth’s surface is mainly covered with water.

There is no water on the surface of Venus.

Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(2)

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(b)     The diagram shows part of the Earth and ways that carbon dioxide can be removed from the Earth’s atmosphere.

 

Give three ways that carbon dioxide can be removed from the Earth’s atmosphere.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(3)

(c)     In the Earth’s atmosphere the percentage of carbon dioxide has remained at about 0.03% for many thousands of years.

The graph shows the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere over the last 50 years.

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(i)      What was the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere in 1965?

________________________ %(1)

(ii)     What change has happened to the percentage of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere over the last 50 years?

______________________________________________________________(1)

(iii)     Suggest one reason for this change.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 9 marks)

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