The Cell

Objectives: After studying this Topic you should be able to: Identify and briefly describe the structure and function of the nucleus, nucleoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi

apparatus, lysosome, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast, ribosome, cytoskeleton and cell wall, where present, in bacteria, plant and animal cells

What is a Cell?• Cell

• ____________________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________________

All Living things share five characteristics

1. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

4. _____________________________

5. _____________________________

Cell Theory• Development of Cell Theory

– 1590 – compound microscope invented– 1665 – Robert Hooke noticed structures while viewing slices of cork – cells– 1700 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek observes living cells with a microscope– 1700 + - more structures identified as technology gets better– 1838 – Schwann and Schleiden proposed that plant and animal tissue are made of

cells

The Cell Theory

1. __________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________

Types of CellsAll living things are composed of one of two types of cells:

1. ________________________

2. ________________________

Prokaryotic CellsGeneral Characteristics

1. _______________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________________________

Eukaryotic CellsTwo types

1. ______________

2. ______________

Plant vs. AnimalsPlant cells and animal cells differ in a few ways.

1. __________________________________________

2. __________________________________________

3. __________________________________________

4. __________________________________________

5. __________________________________________

Organelles Structure & Function• Nucleus

– ____________________________________

– ____________________________________

– ____________________________________

• Nucleolus

– ____________________________________

– ____________________________________

– ____________________________________

Nucleus:

Nucleolus:

• Chromosomes

• DNA is organized with proteins into multiple, linear chromosomes

• Chromatin is the term used to represent the mass of stringy, entangled

chromosomes observed during interphase (between cell

divisions)

• Nucleoplasm

• ______________________________________

• ______________________________________

• Cytoplasm

• Gel like substance inside ______________

• Dissolves nutrients throughout the cell

• _________________________________

keeps them from banging into each other.

• Mitochondrion

• organelle within all cells

• looks like a long worm inside a sandwich bag

• _____________________________________

• _____________________________________

• _____________________________________

• Vacuole

o a hollow organelle that stores water, nutrients and waste

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

• Ribosomes

• very very small snowman shaped organelles

• ____________________________________

RIBS = protein

RIBS = RIBoSomes

Chromatin:

Mitochondrion:

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• long system of tubes and canals throughout cell

• _______________________________________

• like a subway system in a city

• Two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

• _________________ – ribosomes attached to the ER

• _________________ - no robosomes attached

• Golgi Complex

• looks like a stack of pancakes

• packages materials (proteins…) for export

• intercellular transport

• like a shipping department for an industrial factory

• Lysosome

• Spherical bodies

• Contains enzymes

• Intracellular digestion

• Centrioles

• Rod-like structures containing microtubules

• Cell division in animals

• Chloroplast

• __________________________________

• captures light energy

• __________________________________

ER:

Golgi:

Centrioles:

Chloroplast:

• Cell Wall

• __________________________________

• __________________________________

• Made up of cellulose

• Cell Membrane

• Retains cell contents

• _____________________________________

• _____________________________________

Organelle City Part

A Cell is like a City…..

ANIMAL CELLColor each letter and its corresponding structure on the diagram a different color.

Cell Membrane A Golgi Complex HNucleus * Centriole I

Nuclear Envelope B Microtubule JNuclear pore C Lysosome K

Nucleolus D Vacuole LChromatin E Microfilament NCytoplasm * Ribosome O

Mitochondrion G Endoplasmic Reticulm pDo not color – but F.Y.I. : Microbody M Hyaloplasm Q + Nuclear Sap F +

PLANT CELLColor each letter and its corresponding structure on the diagram a different color.

Cell Membrane A Microchondrion LCell Wall B Microtubule MVacuole D Microfilament NPlastids * Peroxisome O

Chloroplast F Nucleus *Golgi Complex I Nuclear Envelope R

Ribosome J Nuclear Pore SEndoplasmic Reticulum K

Do not color – but F.Y.I. : Plasmodesma C, Crystal E, Leucoplast G, Chromoplast H, Microbody P, Hyaloplasm Q