WATER, WATER EVERYWHERE…

NOT A DROP TO DRINK

SOUNDTRACK: HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=P6VT8_YXNVW

GLOBAL WATER SUPPLY

• OCEANS – 97% OF ALL WATER ON EARTH

• TOO SALTY FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

• POLAR ICE CAPS – 80% OF ALL FRESHWATER ON EARTH

• TOO FROZEN FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

• REMAINING LIQUID WATER – 99.5% IS POLLUTED, TOO FAR UNDERGROUND, OR TRAPPED IN SOIL

• HUMANS CAN ONLY CONSUME 0.5% OF ALL THE WATER ON EARTH

FACTS AND FIGURES

• 1.1 BILLION PEOPLE LIVE WITHOUT CLEAN DRINKING WATER

• 2.6 BILLION PEOPLE LACK ADEQUATE SANITATION

• 1.8 MILLION PEOPLE DIE EVERY YEAR FROM DIARRHEAL DISEASES

• 3 900 CHILDREN DIE EVERY DAY FROM WATER BORNE DISEASES

WATER AVAILABILITY VIDEO

• HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=HW5EBFZHE4M

WATERSHEDS

• DEFINITION: A WATERSHED - IS THE AREA OF LAND WHERE ALL OF THE WATER THAT IS UNDER IT OR DRAINS OFF OF IT GOES INTO THE SAME PLACE

• AKA: DRAINAGE BASINS

• INCLUDES: SURFACE WATER, GROUND WATER, LAKES, RIVERS, WETLANDS, AND AQUIFERS

Divide

Tributaries

Basin

WATERSHED VOCABULARY

• DIVIDE (RIDGE) – THE LINE SEPARATING DRAINAGE BASINS

• TRIBUTARY – A SMALL, SOMETIMES TEMPORARY STREAM THAT EMPTIES INTO A LARGER RIVER

• OVERLAND FLOW (SURFACE WATER) – WATER THAT COLLECTS ON THE GROUND (CATCHMENTS)

• BASIN – AN AREA WHERE THE WATER COLLECTS IN A SINGLE AREA

• GROUND WATER – WATER THAT IS LOCATED IN SOIL SPACES AND ROCK FRACTURES

WATERSHED VIDEO

• HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=PAZNDNOCXPQ

AQUIFER

• AQUIFER – A SATURATED GEOLOGIC UNIT THAT CAN MOVE GROUND WATER UNDER A NORMAL GRADIENT

AQUIFER VOCAB

• WATER TABLE – THE UPPER SURFACE OF GROUND WATER

• UNCONFINED AQUIFER - WATER SEEPS FROM THE GROUND SURFACE DIRECTLY ABOVE THE AQUIFER

• CONFINED AQUIFER – LIES BENEATH AN IMPERMEABLE ROCK LAYER; WATER MUST ENTER FROM FAR AWAY WHERE THE ROCK LAYER DOESN’T EXIST

MORE AQUIFER VOCAB

• ARTESIAN AQUIFER – CONFINED AQUIFER THAT EXHIBITS A LARGE AMOUNT OF PRESSURE; PRODUCES SPRINGS/WELLS

• RECHARGE – PROCESS OF SURFACE WATER MOVING TO GROUND WATER, USUALLY BY RAIN

AQUIFER VIDEO• HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=5TNONC-HF2S

POINT SOURCES OF POLLUTION• POINT SOURCES IS POLLUTION

DISCHARGED FROM CLEARLY DEFINED POINT

• MAJOR SOURCE -WASTEWATER DISCHARGED BY INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SEWAGE PLANTS

• CAN CONTAIN HARMFUL SUBSTANCES

AND LOWER DISSOLVED OXYGEN

NONPOINT POLLUTION SOURCES

• NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION DOES NOT ORIGINATE FROM A CLEARLY DEFINED POINT

• RUNOFF CARRIES NATURAL AND MAN-MADE POLLUTION

• EXAMPLES:• BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

• NUTRIENTS (PHOSPHATES AND NITRATES)

• SEDIMENT

• TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES