Waste to Energy:U.S. market and investment opportunities

Table of Contents

Page Title: Page Numbers:

U.S. Profile & Facts 5

Disadvantages & Advantages 19

State Profile 23

Incentive & Concerns 44

Cost 51

Technology 56

Conversion Process 65

Types of Facilities Used In the U.S. 88

Company Profile 91

Industry Agencies Law & More 94

Market Overview 104

Investor Outlook 115

Work Cited 123

Technology:Technology used in the industry

Graphic from ecomaine.org

Technology:

WTE Plant-

Technology:

Waste Conversion Inputs-

Ideal Inputs

Yard Waste

Food Waste

Wet Organics

Paper

Plastic

Dry Organics

Yard Waste

-Thermal

-Biological

Dry Combustible

WTE

Gasification

Pyrolysis

Organic Waste

Anaerobic Digestion

Compiled by author from newmoa.org

Technology:

Commercializing-

Companies and local governments are now exploring commercial

opportunities

A national policy for WTE needs to be developed for it to reach its full

potential

States and technologies usually provide less assistance than what is needed

Conversion Process:An overview of the conversion processes used in the industry

Conversion Process:

How it Works-

Energy recovery from waste is the conversion of non-recyclable waste

materials into

Useable Heat

Electricity Fuel

Compiled by author from r-e-a.net

Conversion Process:

Types-

Combustion Gasification Pyrolyzation

AnaerobicLandfill Gas Recovery

Compiled by author from newmoa.org

Conversion Process:

Combustion-

Mixed waste enters the combustion chamber and a measured injection of oxygen and fumes are drawn

from the receiving area.

Produced Energy may be used in three ways:

Space: Heating

Water: Heating (Central and

Direct)

Steam: For Electricity Generation

Compiled by author from renewable Energy World.com

Conversion Process:

Landfill Gas-

Naturally produced by methane-creating bacteria breaking down

biodegradable materials, in a oxygen-free environment

Methane gas is released when solid waste decomposes

Readily available, local and renewable energy source that can offset the need

for non-renewable resources

Conversion Process:

Landfill Gas-

Biogas is a Product of

Landfill Gas

Compiled by author from industry.usa.siemans.com

Crops

Sunlight Photosynthesis

Livestock

Manure

Organic Waste

Anaerobic Treatment

Electrical and Thermal Energy

Vegetable Waste

Fertilizer

H2O, O2, CO2

Conversion Process:

Landfill Gas-

Landfill gas contains Methane (a powerful greenhouse gas)

Capturing it prevents it from

polluting the atmosphere

Reduces dependency on energy imports

Has a steady and controllable output

Compiled by author from r-e-a.net

Conversion Process:

Gasification-

The thermal conversion of organic materials at a temperature of 1,0000F (1,5400C)

Uses less oxygen that is generally needed for combustion and creates a Btu syn-gas

Conversion Process:

Gasification-

Energy Produced is Used For:

Heating: Central Heating or Direct

Steam: For Electricity

Transport: For an Internal Combustion Engine

Compiled by author from Renewable Energy World.com

Conversion Process:

Gasification-

Uses oxygen combined with steam and cooked to an intense pressure

producing syn-gas

Syn-gas can be burned directly or used as a starting point to manufacture:

Fertilizers

Hydrogen

Methane

Liquid fuel

Conversion Process:

Gasification-

There are active markets for both capturing and using landfill gas emissions

Identifying ways to finance these projects will unlock technology markets

Fluidized Bed Gasifier Slagging Gasifier

Graphics from source Renewable Energy World.com

Conversion Process:

Pyrolyzation-

Thermo-chemical decay of organic material at elevated temperatures without

oxygen

Pyrolysis occurs at temperatures >750 0F(4000C) in a zero oxygen atmosphere

Produced syn-gas is generally converted to liquid hydrocarbons

Conversion Process:

Pyrolyzation-

Compiled by author from Pyrolysisplant.com

Waste Plastic

Electronic scrap

Mixed plastic

Mixed waste

plastic from waste

paper mill

Multi Layered Plastic

Waste tires

Rubber

Plastic or rubber

parts from vehicles

Suitable Plastic

Raw Materials:

Conversion Process:

Pyrolyzation-

Compiled by author from pyrolysisplant.com

Waste Tire

Plastic

Pyrolysis Oil

Hydrocarbon GasCharcoal

Conversion Process:

Anaerobic Digestion-

Biological degradation of waste in an oxygen free environment, whereby bacteria

breaks down organic material

Historically used on wastewater sludge and animal waste

Two types: wet and dry

Conversion Process:

Anaerobic Digestion-

Biogas: Mainly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

Products Produced:

Solid Residue: Similar, but not identical to compost

Liquid: Can be used as fertilizer

Compiled by author from Corken.com

Contact Us for the Full Presentation:

Mediacontact USA Inc.

13575 58TH Street North #160

Clearwater, Fl. 33760

T: 727 538 4112

E: contact@mcusa.co

www.mediacontactusa.com

Works Cited:

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