Types OF Wastes

Biodegradable Waste Non-Biodegradable waste Electronic Waste

Biodegradable wasteis a type of waste ,typicallyoriginating from plant, animal sources, which may be degraded by other living organisms.

Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in muncipal solid waste (sometimes called biodegradable muncipal waste).

Types of Biodegradable waste:-Vegetable peels

Manure

Sewage

Slaughter house

Climate change impacts

• The main enviromental threat from biodegradable waste is the production of methane in landfills. Methane is 21times as potent a greenhouse gas as CO2 and accounted for some 3% of total green house gas as emissions in the EU-15 in 1995.The Landfill directive 1999/31/EC obliges member states to reduce the amount of biodegradable waste that they landfill to 35% of 1995 levels by 2016, which will significantly reduce the problem.

Use of biodegradable waste:-

Biodegradable waste can often by used for composting or must doubtlees be a resource for heat, electricity and fuel in future as it is begin achieved by the swiss Kompogas treatment for 20 years now.

Non-Biodegradable waste• Waste that can’t be broken down

by other living organisms are called by Non-biodegradable waste.

Types of Non-biodegradable waste:-

Plastic Polythene bagPlastic bottle

Problems of Non-biodegradable waste:-

Blocking grainsKilling cows & any other animals.

Non-biodegradable plastic waste:- • Plastic wastes present formidable

problems as they are at present not biodegradable, are bulky and can resist incineration. Incineration in fact may not be possible due to production of noxious or toxic fumes. Inadequate levels of recycling aggravate the waste problem. In addition, in a world where plastic production may , in a decade, reach over 60 million metric tons per year, plastic waste is a major loss of an important commodity.

Companies such as coca cola and Pepsi have captured major market

shares in India, but have not taken any interest in ensuring the plastic bottles are recycled. While the old glass bottle were reused, PET scrap is not worth enough to ensure recovery because the two

PET recycler are importing subsidized scrap from Europe and

U.S.A.

As a result, plastic bottles and thin-film bags are littered everywhere in India, blighting heritage areas, blocking drains and killing cows. Laws requiring use of virgin materials and thicker bags have not solved the problem.

Analysis of biodegradable & non-biodegradable

Types of electronic waste :-Mobile phoneComputer Television Microwave Refrigrators

Definition of e-waste• Electronic waste may be defined as discarded

computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment devise electronics, mobile phones, televisions, refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, Resale , salvage, recycling , or disposal. Other define the re-usable and secondary scrap to be “commodities” , and reserve the term “waste” for residue or material which is dumped by the buyer rather than recycled , including residue from reuse and recycling operations.

Because loads of surplus electronics are frequently commingled, several public policy advocates apply the term “e-waste” broadly to all surplus electronics .Cathode ray tubes (CRT) are considered one of the hardest types to recycle. CRTs have relatively high concentration of lead and phosphors, both of which are necessary for the display . The united states Enviromental protection agency (EPA) includes discarded CRT monitors in its category of “hazardous household waste” but considers CRTs that have been set aside for testing to be commodities if they are not discarded, speculatively accumulated, or left un protected from weather and other damage.

Debate continues over the distinction between “commodity” and “waste” electronics definitions. Some exporters are accused of deliberately leaving difficult-to-recycle, obsolete, or non-repairable equipment mixed in loads of working equipment. Protectionists may broaden the definition of “waste” electronics in order to protect domestic markets from working secondary equipment.

The high value of the computer recycling subset of electronic waste ( working and reusable laptops , desktops, and components like ram) can help pay the cost of transportation for a large number of worthless pieces than can be achieved with display devices, which have less (or negative) scrap value.

ProblemsRapid changes in technology, changes in

media (tapes, software, MP3), falling prices, and planned obsolescence have resulted in a fast-growing surplus of electronic waste around the globe. Dave Kruch, CEO of cash for laptops, regards electronic waste as a” rapidly expanding” issue. Technical solutions are available, but in most cases a legal framework, a collection system, logistics, and other services need to be implemented before a technical solution can be applied

An estimated 50 million tons of E-waste is produced each year. The USA discards 30 million computers each year and 100 million phones are disposed of in Europe each year . The enviromental protection agency estimates that only 15-20% of e-waste is recycled, the rest of these electronic go directly into land fills and incinerators. “EPA estimates for 2006-2007.

According to a report by UNEP titled, “Recycling- from E-Waste to resources,” the amount of e- waste being produced – including mobile phones and computers – could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next decade in some countries, such as India . The united states is the world leader in producing electronic waste, tossing away about 3 million tons each year.

China already produces about 2.3 million tons domestically, second only to the united states. And, despite having banned e-waste imports, china remains a major e-waste dumping ground for developed countries.

How to manage biodegradable ,

non-biodegradable &

electronics waste?

Reuse Reduce

Recycle