Name: ___________________________________________________________________________Chapters 1 and 2 – Prehistoric and Ancient Near East

You will be viewing five slides, each with one or two images from the test. Answer the multiple choice questions below that pertain to the images above them. (2 points each)

1. These images represent works of art from:

A. 30,000 BCE to 8,000 BCEB. 8,000 BCE to 2,000 BCEC. 2,000 BCE to 500 BCED. 500 BCE to 500 CE

2. Common elements between these two sculptures include

A. the sizeB. the material usedC. the technique usedD. both A and CE. A, B, and C

3. The image on the right is an example of

A. a relief carvingB. a composite imageC. a work from a ritual burialD. Neolithic sculpture

4. The image on the left may use emphasis to show the cultural importance of

A. fertility and reproductionB. women in an agrarian societyC. survival of the fittestD. A and BE. A and C

5. These two objects were found in

A. MesopotamiaB. B. ScandinaviaC. EuropeD. Lascaux, FranceE. Turkey

6. The image on the right may demonstrate

A. Use of emphasis for cultural importanceB. Manipulation of material to accommodate the designC. Manipulation of the design to accommodate the

materialD. Hand-built clay sculptureE. A theme not normally addressed during this period.

7. The image on the top is from

A. Altamira, SpainB. Pech-Merle, FranceC. Chauvet, FranceD. Lascaux, France

8. The image on the bottom represents

A. Paleolithic cave artB. Neolithic cave artC. Paleolithic rock shelter artD. Neolithic rock shelter artE. Neolithic wall art

9. These images have much in common, but are different in that

A. One required scaffolding to executeB. One may be a narrativeC. One contains human figuresD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

10. The image on the right utilized a material that was unusual for paintings of the period, which was:

A. Red OchreB. CharcoalC. BitumenD. PlasterE. Reed or stick brushes

11. These images both show structures called

A. TemplesB. MegalithsC. ZigguratsD. Passage gravesE. Tumulus

12. These structures were at the center of their communities, serving as

A. Religious centersB. Commerce CentersC. Administrative CentersD. Sites for Ritual BurialsE. A, B,, and CF. B, C and D

13. These communities were

A. Polytheistic with a head priest who served as the voice of god

B. Polytheistic, each worshipping a different god

C. Monotheistic, with a head priest who was god’s representative on earth

D. Polytheistic, each worshipping a different god with a priest-king as god’s representative on earth

E. Monotheistic, each worshipping a different god with a priest-king as god’s representative on earth

14. Placement of these structures on the landscape was important and was oriented to:

A. Sunset during the Summer and Winter SolsticeB. Sunrise during the Fall and Spring EquinoxC. The stars in Orion’s beltD. The points of a compass

15. These structures were constructed of

A. Stone native to the areaB. Stone obtained through trade with neighboring

regionsC. MudbrickD. Plaster

16. These images are both called

A. Cuneiform pictographsB. Warka worshippersC. Votive statuesD. Composite ImagesE. Relief Statuary

17. One important difference between these two images is

A. the one on the left is cast metal and the one on the right is plaster over reed

B. the one on the right is larger and belonged to a wealthier individual than the one on the left

C. the one on the left is older than the one on the rightD. the one on the left represents a ruler and the one on

the left does not

18. These statues were placed in the temples, which served as “waiting rooms” to

A. Honor important members of the community and their leadership positions

B. Honor the gods with iconography, allowing worshippers to pray in their homes

C. Honor the dead with commemorative statuaryD. Honor the gods with the eternal gaze of prayer while

worshippers went on with their daily lives

19. The image on the left represents

A. Gudea of LagashB. Gilgamesh of SumerC. Eshuanna of SumerD. Inanna of SumerE. Hammerabi of Babylonia

20. Men and women were differentiated by

A. Clothing and postureB. Clothing and heightC. Hierarchical scaleD. Clothing and hair

21. This image incorporates an important advance introduced by the Sumerians, which is

A. Hierarchical scaleB. Cuneiform writingC. The first code of laws ever recordedD. The first recorded literature

22. This image shows a carved stone slab used to commemorate an event, called a

A. SteleB. TumulusC. StylusD. LintelE. Trilithon

23. This artifact could also be labeled

A. A sculpture in the round because both sides are carved

B. A labeled historical narrativeC. A set of inscribed lawsD. A funerary marker for the ruler

24. The specific depiction of the figure, Eannatum, the ruler of Lagash, is an example of

A. Sculpture in the RoundB. Hierarchical scaleC. Commemoration of a historical event that did not

actually occurD. High relief

25. The country of origin of this work is

A. AkkadB. BabyloniaC. AssyriaD. Sumer

ESSAY QUESTIONS

26. In many cultures, the cultural leader or ruler also acts as a religious figurehead, god’s representative on earth. Select and fully identify two works of art that reflect this cultural hierarchy and illustrate or reinforce this position of power, both in religious and political leadership. Discuss how the conceptual and observational characteristics help to convey this message. (25 points)

27. In the textbook, the authors make the following statement regarding pre-historic art:

“During the Paleolithic Period, humankind went beyond the recognition of human and animal forms in the natural environment to the representation (literally the presenting again – in different and substitute form – of something observed) of humans and animals. The immensity of this achievement cannot be overstated.”

Select and fully identify at least one pre-historic work of art that illustrates this statement. Discuss how the elements of formalism indicate this change in human perception and cognition. (25 points)