Chemistry Kailee Pentis

● HPLC (high performance Liquid chromatography) : a technique in analytical

chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture

● Autoclave : uses high pressure and temperature for steam sterilization

● Log phase : a period characterized by cell doubling (when bacteria are growing);

best stage to harvest cells for experiments

● Centrifuge : a machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal

force, to separate fluids of different densities or liquids from solids

● Micropipettes : used to measure and transfer accurate volumes of liquid (micro

liters/small volumes)

● DI H20 : water that had almost all of its mineral ions removed

● Supernatant : the liquid lying above a solid residue after centrifugation

● Fume Hood : ventilated enclosure in chemistry labs, where harmful chemicals

are used in

● Eppendorf tubes : used for preparing, mixing, centrifuging or transporting liquid

samples and reagents

● Serological pipette : used for transferring milliliter volumes of liquid

● Autoclave tape : indicates whether an object is sterile

● Volumetric flask : contains a precise volume at a particular temperature

● Analytical balance : accurate and precise instrument to measure substances

● Abstract : a brief overview of the investigation/experiment

● Scientific Method : a series of steps taken to test a scientific question

● HPLC vials : store your sample in them to be put in the HPLC

● Stock solution : is a concentrated solution that will be diluted to some lower

concentrations for actual use

● T-test : testing the difference between the samples when the variances of 2

normal distribution are not known

● Vortex : spiral motion of fluid a machine that mixes your solution

● Hypothesis : a possible answer to a scientific question or explanation for a set of

observations

● Yeast : a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by

budding

● HPLC column : used in HPLC to run samples

● Chromatogram : a visible record (graph) showing the result of separation of the

components of a mixture by chromatography

● Stirring rod : used to mix chemical and liquids for lab purposes

● Hot plate : flat heated surface

● Spectrophotometer : an apparatus for measuring the intensity of light in a part

of the spectrum

● Beaker : cylindrical glass container for lab use

● Graduated cylinder : measuring cylinder for measuring volumes of liquid

● Micropipette tip : tips that go on micropipettes

● Gel electrophoresis : used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or protein

according to molecular size

● Falcon tubes : used for storing sample or centrifuge

● Microscope : optical instrument used for viewing very small objects

● In vitro : experiment performed in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside

a living organism

● In vivo : experiment performed or taking place in a living organism

● Methodology : system of methods used in a particular area of study

● Scientific writing : written and published report on original research results

● Discussion (scientific paper) : purpose of discussion is to interpret and

describe the significance of your findings and explain the application

● Water bath : container that is used for containing water

● Sterile : free from bacteria or other living microorganisms (totally clean)

● Petri dish : shallow, circular transparent dish with a flat dish used for culture of

microorganisms

Shannon Lin

● Spectrophotometer: an apparatus for measuring the intensity of light in a part of

the spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by particular substances

● Wavelength: the distance between successive crests of a wave, especially

points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave

● Wavelength of maximum absorbance: the wavelength at which a certain

substance absorbs the most light

● Absorbance/Optical Density: a measure of the capacity of a substance to

absorb light of a specified wavelength

● Concentration/Molarity: the relative amount of a given substance contained

within a solution or in a particular volume of space

● Blank: a sample that contains none of the substance being tested for

● Mycelia: the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white

filaments

● Hyphae: each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus

● diH2O: highly pure water produced by laboratory purification systems

● Homogenization: the process of making things uniform or similar

● Serial dilutions: a series of sequential dilutions used to reduce a dense culture

of cells to a more usable concentration

● Supernatant: denoting the liquid lying above a solid residue after crystallization,

precipitation, centrifugation, or other process

● Dilution factor: a ratio of the parts of solute to the total number or parts, used to

calculate original absorbance readings from diluted samples

● Polyurethane: a synthetic resin in which the polymer units are linked by

urethane groups, used chiefly as constituents of paints, varnishes, adhesives,

and foams

● Polymer: a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely

of a large number of similar units bonded together

● Monomer: a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a

polymer

● Urethane: a synthetic crystalline compound used in making pesticides and

fungicides, and formerly as an anesthetic

● R group: An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is

attached to the rest of the molecule, determines the properties of the molecule

● Liquid dispersion: a liquid system in which particles are dispersed in a

continuous phase of a different composition

● Centrifugal force: an apparent force that acts outward on a body moving around

a center, arising from the body's inertia.

● P value: the probability of finding the observed, or more extreme, results when

the null hypothesis (H 0) of a study question is true

● Standard deviation: a quantity calculated to indicate the extent of deviation for a

group as a whole

● T test: an analysis of two populations means through the use of statistical

examination

● Extrapolation: the action of estimating or concluding something by assuming

that existing trends will continue or a current method will remain applicable

● Standard curve: a type of graph used as a quantitative research technique

where multiple samples with known properties are measured and graphed, which

then allows the same properties to be determined for unknown samples by

interpolation on the graph

● Ester bond: the bonding of an alcohol and one or more organic acids

● Hydroxyl groups: a pair of oxygen and hydrogen atoms that is commonly found

in organic compounds such as sugars and alcohols

● Polyols: an alcohol containing multiple hydroxyl groups

● Polyisocyanates: Any compound containing multiple isocyanate functional

groups

● Biodegradation: the process by which organic substances are decomposed by

microorganisms into simpler substances

● Bioremediation: the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced

microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants

● Condensation reaction: A chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to

form a larger molecule with the elimination of a water

● Bond cleavage: the splitting of chemical bonds

● Aerobic: with oxygen

● Anaerobic: without oxygen

● Potato Dextrose Broth: a common microbiological growth media that is the

most widely used medium for growing fungi and bacteria

● Yeast extract: the common name for various forms of processed yeast products

made by extracting the cell contents

● Methylene Blue: a crystalline compound, that dissolves in water to form a deep-

blue solution: used chiefly as a dye, as a bacteriological and biological stain

● Inoculation: the action of inoculating or of being inoculated, vaccines or bacteria

● Optimization: an act, process, or methodology of making something as fully

perfect, functional, or effective as possible

Alex Balcan

● T-Test: testing the difference between the samples when the variances of two

normal distributions are not known

● P value: the probability of finding the observed, or more extreme, results when

the null hypothesis of a study question is true

● Percent Error: of how innaccurate a measurement is, standardized to how large

the measurement is

● Standard deviation: a quantity calculated to indicate the extent of deviation for a

group as a whole

● Extrapolation: the action of estimating or concluding something by assuming

that existing trends will continue or a current method will remain applicable

● Standard curve: a type of graph used as a quantitative research technique

where multiple samples with known properties are measured and graphed, which

then allows the same properties to be determined for unknown samples by

interpolation on the graph

● Linear Regression: an approach for modeling the relationship between a scalar

dependent variable y and one or more explanatory variables

● Micropipettes: tools used to measure and transfer accurate volumes of liquid

● Micropipette tips : tips that go on micropipettes

● Serological pipette : used for transferring milliliter volumes of liquid

● Di Water : water that had almost all of its mineral ions removed

● Fume Hood : ventilated enclosure in the lab made for user not to inhale harmful

vapors

● Analytical balance : accurate and precise instrument to measure substances

● Vortexer : machine that makes a spiral motion to mix a solution

● Graduated cylinder : measuring cylinder for measuring volumes of liquid

● Beaker : cylindrical glass container for lab use

● Falcon tube : tube used for transporting or storing samples

● Spectrophotometer: an tool for measuring the intensity of light in a part of the

spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by particular substances.

● Wavelength of maximum absorbance: the wavelength at which a certain

substance absorbs the most light

● Absorbance/Optical Density: a measure of the capacity of a substance to

absorb light of a specified wavelength

● Blank: a solvent/sample that contains none of the substance being tested for

● Cuvette: a clear container for holding liquid samples in a spectrophotometer

● Stock solution : is a concentrated solution that will be diluted to some lower

concentrations for actual use

● Dilution factor: a ratio of the parts of solute to the total number of parts, used to

calculate original absorbance readings from diluted samples

● Assay: the testing of a material to determine its ingredients and quality.

● Standard: a pure substance or solution/reference that is used to calibrate

measurements

● Enzyme: a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to

bring about a specific chemical reaction; speeds up the chemical reaction

● Hydrogenase: an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a particular substance

by hydrogen

● Dehydrogenase: an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms from

a particular molecule

● Acetobacter aceti: a prokaryote that converts ethanol to acetic acid in the

presence of oxygen

● Octane: the antiknock performance of gasoline

● Hydroxyl: of or denoting the radical —OH, present in alcohols and many other

organic compounds

● HPLC: a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and

quantify each component in a mixture

● Gas Chromatography: chromatography employing a gas as the moving carrier

medium

● Extinction Coefficient: how strongly a substance absorbs light at a given

wavelength

● Hydrocarbon: a compound of hydrogen and carbon, such as any of those that

are the chief components of petroleum and natural gas

● Buffer: a solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it

● Parafilm: a plastic paraffin film used for sealing and covering containers in labs

● MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet

● Hazmat: a material that would be a danger to life or to the environment if

released without precautions

Environmental ScienceAlly Malilay & Abby Reyes

● Chromatograms: data produced by HPLC

● HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography. Used to identify components of

a solution

● Franz cell diffusion: a technique used to determine what substances can

diffuse across a certain type of membrane

● Microfouling: physical adhesion biofouling

● Macrofouling: chemical adhesion biofouling

● Adhesion: attachment to surface

● Substrate: a substance or layer where a process occurs

● Primary colonizers: process in biology by which a species spreads to new

areas

● Secondary colonizers: one of the two types of ecological succession of plant

life

● Tertiary colonizers: geologic period from 66 million to 2.58 million years ago in

which species spread

● Larvae: active immature form of an insect

● Antifouling: treatment of a boat's hull with a paint or similar substance designed

to prevent fouling

● Biofouling: the fouling of pipes and underwater surfaces by organisms such as

barnacles and algae

● Biodegradable: (of a substance or object) capable of being decomposed by

bacteria or other living organisms

● Ecotoxicological: the branch of science that deals with the nature, effects, and

interactions of substances that are harmful to the environment

● Leachate: water that has percolated through a solid and leached out some of the

constituents

● Bioavailability: the proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the

circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect

● Salinity: the concentration of dissolved salts in water

● Metabolite: substance formed in or necessary for metabolism

● T-test: analysis of two populations through statistical analysis

● Barnacle settlement inhibition assay: experimental design to find toxicity of

antifouling agent

● Cyprids: stage of larval barnacle culture settlement

● ppm: parts per million. Used for measurement

● Lipophilic: substances ability to combine with or dissolve in lipids or fats

● Biofilm assay: experimental design to find potential of antifouling agent to impair

biofouling growth

● Null Hypothesis: a hypothesis that states there is no significant difference

between specified populations in experiments

● Homogenizer: lab tool used to homogenize solutions

● Air pump: lab equipment used to provide direct air to a sample of substance

● 24-well polystyrene multiwell plates: lab tool used to treat culture applications

● Crude extract: a substance, usually a biologically active ingredient, prepared by

the use of solvents or evaporation to separate the substance from the original

material

● Strat-M membrane: synthetic membrane used with the Franz cells

● Synthetic membrane: synthetically created membrane used in separation

experiments in a lab

● Epidermis: outer skin layer

● Antimicrobial: prevent microbial growth

● Larval settlement: Settlement phase of some sedentary or benthic animals

which commence life as free-swimming larvae

● Supernatant: liquid lying above a solid residue after crystallization or

centrifugation

● Volatile: easily evaporated at normal temperatures.

● Rotavapor: A piece of apparatus consisting of a motor unit that rotates the

evaporation flask, a vacuum system, a heated water bath and a condenser,

which is used to remove solvents from samples under reduced pressure

● Mobile phase: the liquid substance at the top of the HPLC

● Stationary phase: the column of the HPLC

Emily Htway● Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR)-multidisciplinary field

incorporating, among others: geology, chemistry, microbiology, fluid

mechanics, petroleum engineering, environmental engineering and chemical

engineering.

● Biodegradation- the process by which organic substances are decomposed by

micro-organisms (mainly aerobic bacteria) into simpler substances such as

carbon dioxide, water and ammonia

● Pseudomonas aeruginosa- BS2 bacteria, used in MEOR and can cause human

disease

● Microbes- a microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or

fermentation.

● Protocol- a system of rules that explain the correct conduct and procedures to

be followed in formal situations. : a plan for a scientific experiment or for medical

treatment. : a document that describes the details of a treaty or formal agreement

between countries

● Agar- solid media for cell culture, usually in Petri dishes

● Broth- liquid media for cell culture

● Tryptic soy broth- Tryptic soy broth or Trypticase soy broth (frequently

abbreviated as TSB) is used in microbiology laboratories as a culture broth to

grow aerobic bacteria. ... Its agar counterpart is tryptic soy agar (TSA).

● Rotavapor- device used in chemical laboratories for the efficient and gentle

removal of solvents from samples by evaporation.

● Distillation- the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling

● Cell culture- refers to the removal of cells from an animal or plant and their

subsequent growth in a favorable artificial environment

● Inoculation- The act of introducing microorganism or suspension of

microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) into a culture medium.

● Sterile- free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; totally clean.

● Pipette- a slender tube attached to or incorporating a bulb, for transferring or

measuring out small quantities of liquid

● (To) plate- making culture in Petri dish

● Petri dish- a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a flat lid, used for the culture

of microorganisms

● Environmental engineering- any application of engineering (biodegradation

included) used to remediate an environmental issue or to aid in environmental

protection

● Public health- the health of the population as a whole, especially as monitored,

regulated, and promoted by the state

● Crude oil- unrefined petroleum

● Incubator- maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as

the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside.

● Shaker- laboratory equipment used to mix, blend, or to agitate substances in

tube(s) or flask(s) by shaking them

● Lag phase- the period when the bacteria are adjusting to the environment.

● Log phase- population grows in a logarithmic fashion

● Microliter- one millionth of a liter

● Reactivity- the state or power of being reactive or the degree to which a thing is

reactive

● Inhalation- the action of inhaling or breathing in (chemicals, DANGEROUS)

● Wafting- When it is necessary to smell chemicals in the lab, the proper

technique is to cup your hand above the container and waft the air toward your

face

● MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheet

● Hazmat- a material (such as flammable or poisonous material) that would be a

danger to life or to the environment if released without precautions

● Statistical significance- the extent to which a result deviates from that expected

to arise simply from random variation or errors in sampling.

● Independent samples t test- compares the means of two independent groups in

order to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated

population means are significantly different

● Paired samples t test- compares the means of two related groups to determine

whether there is a statistically significant difference between these means

Human BioHannah Schalyo

● Scientific Research- research into questions posed by scientific theories and

hypotheses

● Abstract - a brief overview of the investigation

● Analyze - to examine methodically by separating into parts and studying their

interrelations

● Conclusion - summarizes the important parts of your experiment and is a

discussion of what the data, patterns, and relationships mean

● Constant Variable - a variable that is not changed

● Controlled Variable - a constant variable that is part of the experiment that is

not being tested and is used for comparison

● Data - factual information, especially information organized for analysis or used

to reason or make decisions

● Data Analysis (interpretation) - making sense of observations and data

collected during an experiment using appropriate measures of central tendency

(mean, median, mode, range) and by looking at patterns and relationships

between the independent variable and the dependent variable

● Data Table - organizes data into rows and columns

● Dependent (Responding) Variable - the response to the independent variable

that can be observed (qualitative) and measured (quantitative)

● Hypothesis - a special kind of prediction that forecasts how the independent

variable will affect the dependent variable

● Independent (Manipulated) Variable - variable changed by the scientist; what

the investigator is testing

● Line Graph - a type of graph used when data has taken place over time

● Observations - anything noticed about the problem

● Procedure - a numbered, step-by-step set of directions written to conduct an

investigation and to identify what data will be collected

● Scientific method - a series of steps used by scientists/people to help find

solutions to problems and/or questions

● Variable - anything that can be changed in an experiment that could affect the

results of the investigation

● Strongylocentrotus purpuratus- purple sea urchin

● Embryology- the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the study of

embryos and their development.

● Sperm- semen.

● Eggs- an oval or round object laid by a female bird, reptile, fish, or invertebrate,

usually containing a developing embryo. The eggs of birds are enclosed in a

chalky shell, while those of reptiles are in a leathery membrane.

● Embryo- an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development

● Parabens- any of a group of compounds used as preservatives in

pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and in the food industry.

● Endocrine disrupting chemicals- chemicals that can interfere with endocrine

(or hormone) systems at certain doses. These disruptions can cause cancerous

tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders. Any system in the body

controlled by hormones can be derailed by hormone disruptors.

● Methylparaben- type of paraben

● Propylparaben- type of paraben

● Gonad- an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.

● Gamete- a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with

another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

● Fertilization- the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant,

involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

● Sporadic miscarriage- represent failure of abnormal embryos to progress to

viability.

● Stock solution- a concentrated solution that will be diluted to some lower

concentration for actual use.

● Dilution- the action of making a liquid more dilute.

● Fertility- the quality of being fertile;

● Motility- ability of organisms and fluid to move or get around

Ken Zhou● High Performance Liquid Chromatography Machine - The machine used to

run high performance liquid chromatography.

● High Performance Liquid Chromatography - An analytical technique by which

a liquid is separated into its components by its physical properties.

● Chromatogram - The resulting graph of a high performance liquid

chromatography run.

● Pressure - The continuous force exerted on a column by the solvents.

● Retention Time - The time taken by a chemical compound to elute from the

column.

● Elution - The exiting of solution from the column.

● Mass Spectrometry - An analytical technique by which the molar mass of the

components of a sample are detected by ionizing the molecules and passing

them through an electric field.

● Mass Spectrometer - The device used to run mass spectrometry.

● Diode Array Detector - The component of a high performance liquid

chromatography machine that measures the absorbance of the compounds

eluting from the column.

● Injector - The component of a high performance liquid chromatography machine

that injects samples into the column.

● Pump - The component of a high performance liquid chromatography machine

that pumps solvent.

● Degasser - The component of a high performance liquid chromatography

machine that removes small amounts of dissolved gas from the solvent.

● Column Thermostat - The component of a high performance liquid

chromatography machine that houses the column and maintains it at a constant

temperature.

● Column - The small, metal, tube-shaped component of a high performance

liquid chromatography machine that causes particles similar to it to be attracted

to it and have longer elution times.

● Ion Exchange - A type of column that uses ion interaction to separate samples.

● Reversed Phase - A type of column with a nonpolar material that causes

nonpolar substances to be attracted.

● Anion Exchange - A type of column that uses positively charged material to

attract anions and slow their elution.

● Cation Exchange - A type of column that uses negatively charged material to

attract cations and slow their elution.

● Gradient - The function that determines the change in solvent usage over time.

● Step Gradient - A gradient that increases a solvent’s concentration at differing

speeds, like a stepladder.

● Isocratic Method - A method that utilizes one solvent.

● Temperature - The degree of intensity of heat.

● Wavelength - The distance traveled after one oscillation of light.

● Frequency - The amount of repeated oscillations by light per second.

● Solvent Bottles - The containers for solvent.

● Solvent - The solutions used to attract particles in the samples in high

performance liquid chromatography.

● Sample - The thing being analyzed in an high performance liquid

chromatography run.

● Mobile Phase - The phase of chromatography that moves; in high performance

liquid chromatography, the solvent.

● Stationary Phase - The phase of chromatography that does not move; in high

performance liquid chromatography, the column.

● Analyte - The compound being analyzed.

● Metabolite - A compound that lies on the metabolic pathway of the analyte.

● Integration - The process of finding the numerical sum of the area bounded by a

graph and the x-axis.

● Trapezoidal Rule - A method of approximating integration.

● Flux - The volume of solvent given by the flow rate times the amount of time the

solvent was flowing.

● P-value - A mathematical constant that represents whether or not data has

sufficiently disproved the null hypothesis

● Ginsenosides - The main active ingredient in ginseng that leads to its benefits.

● Ginseng - A medicinal herb-root that has many purposes and is taken as a cure-

all.

● Metabolism - The chemical processes that maintain an organism’s life.

● Acetonitrile - A common solvent used in high performance liquid

chromatography with chemical formula CH3CN

● Artemia Salina - Brine shrimp/sea monkeys.

● Homogenization - The process of destroying structures in samples in order to

analyze them.

● Additional terms may be found here.

MicrobiologyBronte Brazier

● Microbiology: The branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, uses,

and modes of existence of microscopic organisms.

● Gram-Positive Bacteria: Gram-positive bacteria retain the color of the crystal

violet stain in the Gram stain. This is characteristic of bacteria that have a cell

wall composed of a thick layer of a particular substance (called peptidoglycan).

● Gram-Negative Bacteria: Gram-negative bacteria lose the crystal violet stain

(and take the color of the red counterstain) in Gram's method of staining. This is

characteristic of bacteria that have a cell wall composed of a thin layer of a

particular substance (called peptidoglycan).

● Dilution Plate Count Method: A method of estimating the number of viable

micro-organisms in a sample.

● Degradation: Process by which a compound is transformed into simpler

compounds.

● Autoimmunity: A condition where a specific humoral or cell mediated immune

response is initiated against the constituents of the body's own tissues. It

normally leads to hypersesitivity reactions, and if it persists, can even escalate to

an autoimmune disease.

● Anaerobic Bacteria: Anaerobic bacteria are microorganisms which can exist in

an environment free of oxygen. Some strains can tolerate the presence of

oxygen, others use oxygen when it is present in their environment and still others

cannot survive in an environment which contains oxygen.

● Decomposition: Chemical breakdown of a compound into smaller and simpler

compounds by microorganisms.

● Aerobic Bacteria: Anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen. The differences

between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria can be seen when they are placed in a

culture medium. The aerobic bacteria collect at the surface of the liquid medium

so as to be exposed to the maximum amount of oxygen. Some bacteria can use,

but do not need, oxygen; other types cannot survive in the presence of free

oxygen at all.

● Autoclave: A machine used for sterilization with steam under pressure. The

original autoclave was essentially a pressure cooker in which steam tightened

the lid.

● Quorum Sensing: Quorum sensing is a process of bacterial cell-to-cell

communication in which small, released signaling molecules are used to

coordinate gene expression among local populations. It is used to coordinate

biofilm development and contribute to a bacteria’s ability resist the antimicrobial

effect of drugs.

● Virulence: Refers to the ability of a pathogen to cause a disease process to

occur in our bodies.

● Virulence factors : The different agents used by the pathogen to sneak the

disease into our system. They give them access into our bodies and allow them

to establish a place to reside.

● Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Assay: Small filter paper discs (6 mm) impregnated with

a standard amount of antibiotic are placed onto an agar plate to which bacteria

have been swabbed. The plates are incubated overnight, and the zone of

inhibition of bacterial growth is used as a measure of susceptibility.● Zones of Inhibition: In the Kirby-Bauer Diffusion assay the noticeable ring of

bacterial death is called the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI). Large zones of inhibition

indicate that the organism is susceptible, while small or no zone of inhibition

indicates resistance. An interpretation of intermediate is given for zones which

fall between the accepted cutoffs for the other interpretations.

● Biosafety Cabinet/Laminar Flow: A device that separates the air flowing

through it into layers, cleansing the air of microorganisms. It is used to protect

patients with compromised immune systems and is also used in operating rooms

and pharmacies to provide a clean environment.

● Fume Hood: An enclosed, ventilated space used in a laboratory to contain and

exhaust aerosols, chemicals, dusts, microbes, powders, vapors, and other

inhalational hazards.

● Lawns: A continuous cover of bacteria on the surface of a growth medium.

● Spectrophotometer: A photometer for measuring the relative intensities of the

light in different parts of a spectrum

● Auxotroph: A mutated type of organism that requires specific organic growth

factors, in addition to the carbon source present in a minimal medium.

● Conjugative Plasmid: A self transmissible plasmid, or a plasmid that can

encode all functions required to bring about its conjugation.

● Balanced Growth: Microbial growth where all cellular constituents are

synthesized at constant rates, in relation to each other.

● Optimal Density: The measure of transmittance of an optical medium for a given

wavelength. The higher the OD the lower the transmittance, the higher protection

factor by a filter (e.g. goggles, viewing windows, etc.).

● Synergism: interaction of agents (such as drugs) that the total effect is greater

than the sum of the individual effects

● Antagonism: The interaction of two or more substances such that the action of

any one of them on living cells or tissues is lessened.

● Competent: The ability to take up DNA.

● Biosafety Level 1 - TOHS HAS A BS 1 LAB: suitable for work involving well-

characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in

immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal potential hazard to

laboratory personnel and the environment. BSL-1 laboratories are not

necessarily separated from the general traffic patterns in the building. Work is

typically conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices.

Special containment equipment or facility design is not required, but may be used

as determined by appropriate risk assessment. Laboratory personnel must have

specific training in the procedures conducted in the laboratory and must be

supervised by a scientist with training in microbiology or a related science.

● Biosafety Level 2: Biosafety Level 2 builds upon BSL-1. BSL-2 is suitable for

work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the

environment. It differs from BSL-1 in that: 1) laboratory personnel have specific

training in handling pathogenic agents and are supervised by scientists

competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures; 2) access to

the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted; and 3) all procedures

in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in BSCs

or other physical containment equipment.

● Biosafety Level 3: Biosafety Level 3 is applicable to clinical, diagnostic,

teaching, research, or production facilities where work is performed with

indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease

through the inhalation route of exposure. Laboratory personnel must receive

specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents, and must be

supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated

procedures.

● Biosafety Level 4: The required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that

pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-

threatening disease that is frequently fatal, for which there are no vaccines or

treatments, or a related agent with unknown risk of transmission. Agents with a

close or identical antigenic relationship to agents requiring BSL-4 containment

must be handled at this level until sufficient data are obtained either to confirm

continued work at this level, or re-designate the level. Laboratory staff must have

specific and thorough training in handling extremely hazardous infectious agents.

Laboratory staff must understand the primary and secondary containment

functions of standard and special practices, containment equipment, and

laboratory design characteristics. All laboratory staff and supervisors must be

competent in handling agents and procedures requiring BSL-4 containment. The

laboratory supervisor in accordance with institutional policies controls access to

the laboratory.

● Carbon Fixation: Conversion of carbon-dioxide and other single carbon

compounds to organic compounds such as carbohydrates.

● Biotransformation: The chemical alterations of a drug, occurring in the body,

due to enzymatic activity.

● Antibiotic Resistance: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one of the leading

issues during the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections during the

length of a hospital stay. According the United States Center for Disease Control

and Prevention, 2 million people develop bacterial infections that have become

resistant to antibiotics annually, and of these people 23,000 of them die as a

direct result of the infection. Antibiotic resistance is caused by the overuse and

under-regulation of common antibiotics such as penicillin. At a cellular level,

antibiotic resistance is spread through the process of natural selection and cell-

to-cell communication systems. When large populations are treated with an

antibiotic, bacteria with the ability to resist the attempted therapy have a higher

chance of forming colonies with the ability to resist the previously used antibiotic.

● Capsid: The outer proteinaceous coat of a virus.

● Acetogenic Bacterium: An aerobic, gram negative bacteria, that is rod-shaped,

which is made of non-sporogenous organisms that produce acetic acid as a

waste product.

● Adjuvant: The material added to an antigen to increase its immunogenicity, for

example, alum

● Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic process which takes

place under aerobic conditions, but which does not result in the formation of

oxygen.

● Agar: A dried hydrophilic, colloidal substance extracted from red algae species,

used as a solid culture media for bacteria and other micro-organisms. Also used

as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions and as a supporting medium for

immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis

● Agarose: Agarose is obtained from seaweed and is used as a resolving medium

in electrophoresis. It consists of non-sulfated linear polymer, which contains D-

galactose and 3:6-anhydro-L-galactose alternately.

● Alcoholic Fermentation: A fermentation process that produces alcohol

(ethanol) and carbon dioxide from sugars.

● Antibody: An immunoglobulin molecule that reacts with a specific antigen that

induced its synthesis and with molecules that have a similar structure

● Antigen: Any substance capable of instigating the immune system into action,

inciting a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that

response.

● Antibiotic: A chemical substance produced by a microorganism, which has the

capacity to inhibit the growth of, or kill other microorganisms.

● Aseptic Technique: Procedures that are performed under strict sterile

conditions. These procedures maybe laboratory procedures such as

microbiological cultures.

Kamila Zakowicz● Antioxidant - A molecule that protects cells from oxidative damage of oxygen

and free radical molecules that are chemically unstable and cause random

reactions damaging proteins nucleic acids and cell membranes.

● Assay - A diagnostic test to measure the concentration or level of a particular

analyte.

● Free radical - an uncharged molecule (typically highly reactive and short-lived)

having an unpaired valence electron

● Iron chelator - Iron chelate, also known as chelated iron, is a soluble complex of

iron, sodium and a chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA),

EDDHA, or others, used to make the iron soluble in water

● Flavonoid - any of a large class of plant pigments having a structure based on or

similar to that of flavone

● Thalassemia - an abnormally high amount of unabsorbed iron in the body,

extremely toxic

● Siderophore - a molecule that binds and transports iron in microorganisms.

● Standard curve - A standard curve, also known as a calibration curve, is a type

of graph used as a quantitative research technique. Multiple samples with known

properties are measured and graphed, which then allows the same properties to

be determined for unknown samples by interpolation on the graph

● Spectrophotometer - an apparatus for measuring the intensity of light in a part

of the spectrum, especially as transmitted or emitted by particular substances.

● Absorbance/Optical Density - the degree to which a refractive medium retards

transmitted rays of light.

● High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) - a machine and technique

in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in

a mixture

● Oxidative damage - imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive

oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive

intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.

● Hypoferremia - iron deficiency

● Abstract - A brief summary of a research project and its findings.

● Lab Supervisor - An adult who oversees a student experiment in the lab. This

person should be familiar with the student’s project and the student’s area of

research.

● Bibliography - A list of the books referred to in a research project. It usually

appears at the end, or as a separate section, known as an appendix.

● Conclusions - A brief summary of how the results of an experiment support or

contradict a hypothesis.

● Control - A duplicate setup, sample or observation treated identically to the rest

of an experiment except for the variable being tested. And the control variable is

meant to represent what’s normal or unchanged. For instance, if one wanted to

see the effect of adding fertilizer to a plant’s soil, the control would be the growth

of a plant with no fertilizer.

● Data Book (also Logbook) - A documentation of the work done during an

experiment. It includes the findings, called data, collected during an experiment,

as well as any observed responses, reactions and results.

● Hypothesis (or Research Question) - A proposed explanation for a

phenomenon. In science, a hypothesis is an idea that hasn’t yet been rigorously

tested. Once a hypothesis has been extensively tested and is generally accepted

to be the accurate explanation for an observation, it becomes a scientific theory.

● Independent Research Project - An experiment designed, carried out and

interpreted on one’s own.

● Engineering Design - A process or series of steps that guide an engineer in

solving problems. The process starts with identifying a problem. It ends with

creating a solution to solve that problem.

● Falsification - To change information or evidence to mislead.

● Graph - A diagram that illustrates a relationship, typically between two variables.

Each variable is measured along one of two axes, positioned at right angles.

● Literature Search - An organized review of books, articles and published

research on a specific topic.

● Mentor - An experienced and trusted adviser who provides advice and

counseling.

● Methodology (or Research Methods) - A particular procedure or set of

procedures. These may include the methods, techniques and instruments used

in a research experiment.

● Qualified Scientist - An expert in a student’s field of research who also is

familiar with any regulations that govern that field.

● Results - A statement that explains or interprets the data produced in an

experiment.

● Scientific Method - A sequence of steps followed in investigating natural

phenomena.

● Scientific Research - The organized investigation of questions raised by

scientific theories and hypotheses.

● Scientific Theory - In science, a theory is a well-supported model or explanation

of a natural phenomenon. A scientific theory is based on observations,

experiments and reason. Repeated experiments can confirm the validity of a

scientific theory.

● Trial - One of a number of repetitions of an experiment.

● Variable - In research, something that can be changed or altered during an

experiment. Each variable that is to be tested would represent a different test

condition. For instance, if you were testing the effects of fertilizer on plant growth,

the variable might be amount of fertilizer used: such as none, the normal amount,

twice the normal amount and five times the normal amount

● Analyte - The chemical substance being measured in an assay, usually

contained in blood or other body fluids.

● Anabolic Steroid - Anabolic steroids are a group of synthetic steroid hormones

that promote tissue growth and the storage of protein, as such they are

sometimes used in food producing animals to increase the lean meat to fat ratio.

● Antibody - A protein produced by our body in response to an antigen. There are

5 classes of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD). The antibody binds to and

neutralises the antigen.

● Anticoagulant - A substance that stops the blood from clotting.

● Antigen - Antigens are usually foreign substances which enter the body and

trigger the immune system to produce antibodies in order to fight off the potential

infection. Antigens can be toxins, foreign blood cells, bacteria or the cells of

transplanted organs.

● Antimicrobial - The term given to a group of drugs that inhibits the growth or

destroys microorganisms.

Engineering-Bioengineering

Christian Fetch, Chandler Witt, Logan Simmons● UAV - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (drone)

● Drosophila- Fruit Flies

● Translation - Movement of resistance

● Insecticide Resistance - Ability to survive low doses of insecticide

● Vector - Disease transmitter

● Vector Control - Control of Vectors to minimize spread

● Medium - Food for animal which is being experimented on

● Organophosphates - Class of Insecticides

● Carbamates - Class of Insecticide

● Mutagen - Increases changes in DNA

● Mutation - Change in DNA

● Susceptibility - How effective something is

● Insecticide - Insect killing chemical

● Gene - Group of basepairs which codes for something.

● Migration - Movement of resistant genes

● Enzyme - Type of protein, decrease action potential

● Cholinesterase - Type of Enzyme

● Point Mutation - Exchange of base pairs

● Nonsense Mutation - mutation which does not do anything

● Frameshift Mutation - addition of deletion of a base pair

● Conditioned resistance - Resistance given over time in a lab

● Survival rate - Rate at which the organisms survive

● Fixed Wing - type of aircraft using a wing fixed to aircraft and a horizontal thrust

angle

● Simulation - Augmented/interpretation of a real life scenario

● Airfoil - shape of wing that generates lift

● Airflow - flow of air over a wing

● Lipo Battery - Lithium Polymer type battery (rechargeable)

● Servo - motor used to control surfaces of aircraft in order to allow for stable flight

● Brushless DC Motor - Direct Current type motor with permanent magnets

outside and electromagnets on the inside

● Camber - thickness of an airfoil

● Line of best fit - an average of a plot of data

● Thrust to weight ratio - ratio of an aircraft involving thrust vs amount of weight

● NACA Airfoil value - 4-5 digit categorization of airfoil shape

● Coefficient of lift - a calculation and measurement of how much lift a wing

generates

● Coefficient of drag - a measurement of drag potential of a wing/aircraft

● Pitching moment - determines stability of an aircraft

● Wing sweep - angle of wings relative to body of aircraft

● Ampere - measurement of electrical power as a ratio

● Volt - strength of electrical power

● Self Stability - stability index of flying wing type

● Asymmetry - non symmetrical

● Vertical stabilizer - vertical fin of aircraft used to stabilize aircraft

● Horizontal stabilizer - horizontal fin of aircraft used to stabilize

● Leading Edge - front edge of wing

● Angle of Attack - angle of aircraft during flight in accordance with the ground

● Voltaic Cell - cell of a battery that uses own power. Contains an anode and

cathode

● Amp Hour - rating of battery life and capacity

● C rating - power rating of battery in relation to amp draw

● Kv - RPM per volt for motors

● Oscillations- movement back and forth at a regular speed.

● Conductivity- the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity

● Electrical potential- the amount of work needed to move a unit positive charge

from a reference point to a specific point inside the field without producing any

acceleration

● Surface area- the outside part or uppermost layer of something

● Protist- any of a diverse taxonomic group and especially a kingdom (Protista

synonym Protoctista) of eukaryotic organisms that are unicellular and sometimes

colonial or less often multicellular and that typically include the protozoans, most

algae, and often some fungi (as slime molds)

● Network- a group or system of interconnected people or things.

● Parallelism- the state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.

● Associative learning- of or involving the action of associating ideas or things.

● Quantitative data-relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of

something rather than its quality

● Control group- Group to measure significance of experimental group

● Experimental group- Group that the experiment will be run on

● Fluctuation- an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation.

● Stimuli- a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or

tissue

BotanyConnor Geudeker

● Mycorrhiza: a fungus that grows in association with the roots of a plant in a

symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship

● Dicotyledon: a flowering plant with an embryo that bears two cotyledons (seed

leaves). Dicotyledons constitute the larger of the two great divisions of flowering

plants, and typically have broad, stalked leaves with netlike veins

● Microcosm: a community, place, or situation regarded as encapsulating in

miniature the characteristic qualities or features of something much larger.

● Intercropping: grow (a crop) among plants of a different kind, usually in the space

between rows.

● Inoculum: substances used to inoculate

● Endophyte: a plant, especially a fungus, that lives inside another plant.

● In vitro: performed or taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere

outside a living organism

● Bioavailability: the proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the

circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect

● Mycelium: the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white

filaments (hyphae).

● Filament: a slender threadlike object or fiber, especially one found in animal or

plant structures

● Indigenous: originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

● Rhizosphere: the region of soil in the vicinity of plant roots in which the chemistry

and microbiology is influenced by their growth, respiration, and nutrient exchange

● Nucleotide: a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.

Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA

● Arbuscule: a branched treelike organ; specifically: one of the treelike haustorial

organs in certain mycorrhizal fungi

● Biomass: the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume

● Incidence: the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or something

else undesirable.

● Niche: a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment

● Trypan blue: a diazo dye used as a biological stain due to its absorption by

macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system

● Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as

a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection

● Nematode: a worm of the large phylum Nematoda, such as a roundworm or

threadworm

● Micropropagated: the propagation of plants by growing plantlets in tissue culture

and then planting them out.

● Anastomosis: a cross-connection between adjacent channels, tubes, fibers, or

other parts of a network.

● Homogeneity: the quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind

● Proliferation: rapid reproduction of a cell, part, or organism

● Ethnobotany: the study of traditional human uses of plants

● Clase: a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor,

according to the principles of cladistics.

● Exudate: any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of

inflammation

● Distillation: the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling

● Chromatography: the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or

suspension or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography) through a medium in which

the components move at different rates

● Spectrophotometry: a method to measure how much a chemical substance

absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes

through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or

transmits light over a certain range of wavelength

● MSDS: manufacture safety data sheet used to discover the dangers of any

chemical substances

● Eppendorf Tubes: single-use tubes made from polypropylene for preparing,

mixing, centrifuging, transporting and storing solid and liquid samples and

reagents. The product can be used for training, routine and research laboratories

in the areas of life sciences, industry or chemistry

● Autoclave: a strong, heated container used for chemical reactions and other

processes using high pressures and temperatures, e.g., steam sterilization

● P-value: value determining whether or not a null hypothesis is true or not

● Lag phase: phase where culture of bacteria is growing

● Log phase: time at which bacteria is primed for use for experimentation

● Death phase: time when bacteria begins to die due to lack of resources

● Botany: the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure,

genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance

● Paleobotany: study of fossil plants and plant evolution

● Phenology: the study of cyclic and seasonal natural phenomena, especially in

relation to climate and plant and animal life

Priyansh Gupta & Sarah Cohen● ocean acidification: change in acidity of the ocean

● pH probe: instrument that measures pH

● pH: concentration of hydrogen ions

● erlenmeyer flask: used to hold chemicals

● autoclave: used to sterilize equipment

● sterile: when equipment has no bacteria

● fume hood: place to work with toxic chemicals

● gloves: wear when handling any chemical

● goggles: wear when working with chemicals

● lab coat: wear when working with chemical

● sink: pour non toxic chemicals down with running water, used to wash hands

● shaking plate: used to incubate/stir

● magnetic stirrer: mixes chemicals

● microwave: warms solutions up

● acid: high concentration of H+

● base: high concentration of OH-

● streaking: spread bacteria across petri dish

● HPLC column: used in stationary phase during HPLC

● HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography

● Lab coat: used to protect oneself from chemical spills

● Bacterial transformation - transforming bacteria with a foreign DNA

● DNA - genetic code of all organisms

● Autoclave tape - placed on things that need to be sterilized to see when it is done

sterilizing

● Genetic mutations - when the DNA of an organism changes

● Spectrophotometer- measures the absorbance of a solution

● PCR - when DNA is amplified multiple times

● Micropipitte - used to move small amounts of solution

● Incubator - used to keep bacteria growing at a constant temperature

● Microscope - used to view extremely small things

● Lab notebook - used to record data and observations

● APA format - method in which all scientific research papers are formatted

● Poster board - used for presentations at the science fair

● MSDS - safety sheets for every chemical

● Independent variable - the unit that youmeasure as a result of you changing

something

● Dependent variable - what you change

● Saturation - when a solvent has too much solute

● Titration - used to neutralize an acid or base

● Cell - the basic unit of all life

● E. Coli - the most widely used prokaryotic bacteria for research

● Growth Chamber - used to grow plants in a controlled environment

BiochemKatie Dang

● Biofilms: any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often

these cells adhere to a surface

● Nanoparticles: a nanoscale particle.

● S. Epidermidis: a gram positive bacteria

● Gram Positive: Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in

the Gram stain test.

● Sessile Aggregates: are attached to surfaces and are made up of a large number

of bacteria in order to form a microbial consortium

● Microbial consortium: two or more microbial groups living symbiotically.

● EPS: extracellular polymeric substance that protects the biofilm from outside

stresses and immune system responses

● Extracellular polysaccharides: minimize the penetration of antibiotics through the

biofilm via neutralization of antimicrobial agents

● Neutralization: a process that occurs when an antibody blocks off a virus by

binding to its cell surface receptors

● Biosensors: a device that uses a living organism or biological molecules,

especially enzymes or antibodies, to detect the presence of chemicals.

● Absorption: act or process of receiving or taking

● Acidosis: a pathological condition resulting from a disturbance in the acid-base

balance in the blood and body tissues

● Acculturation: process of learning the beliefs and behaviors of a dominant culture

and assuming some of the characteristics

● Adenitis: inflammation of a gland or lymph node

● MSDS: Material Data Safety Sheet

● Autoclave: uses pressure and heat in order to kill bacteria

● HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography

● Incubator: uses high temperature appropriate for the growth of bacteria

● Serological Pipettes: used in the lab for transferring milliliters volumes of liquid

● Agar: a gelatinous substance obtained from various kinds of red seaweed and

used in biological culture media and as a thickener in foods.

Sami Johnson● ELISA kit- enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

● well plate-used to store liquids in closely compact quarters

● MSDS- material safety data sheet to be checked before research is begun

● Homogenize- to make all parts of a solution or substance have the same

composition

● Lyse- to cause a cell to release its components by breaking the cell

● membrane

● Culture(verb)- to grow a set of bacteria or cells

● Culture(noun)- a set of bacteria or cells

● Sterile- thoroughly cleaned without any trace of previously existing bacteria

● Fume hood- used to conduct experimentation involving toxins or easily

compromised sterility

● Autoclave- sterilizes materials

● Biochemistry- studies proteins, cells, and enzymes of various living organisms

● Human biology- the study of functions in living creatures as applies to human

processes

● Microbiology- use of bacterial cultures to study life functions, typically on a

microscopic scale

● Botany- study of plants and their functions

● Animal behavior- a study of animals in specific environments under specific

conditions

● Toxicology- a studio of how various poisons affect the life functions of organisms

● Environmental- studies on the existing components of ecosystems

● Engineering- the creation of designs of machines or technological advancements

● Scope- the range of ability to do a project that accounts for time and accessibility

of materials

● SRC-scientific review committee that approves or rejects projects mainly

pertaining to scientific ability and scope

● IRB- institutional review board that approves or rejects projects mainly pertaining

to humanitarian ethics

● Literature review- a paper with no original experimentation, but a summary of

already existing knowledge

● Bibliography- includes all works quoted or summarized in a paper

● Works cited- includes all works cited in a paper

● Annotated bibliography- includes summaries of all papers read in preparation for

paper

● References- includes all papers, cited or not

● Spectophotometer- measures absorbance and transmittance to utilize beers law

and measure the amount of substance in a solution

● Plate reader- essentially a spec for 96 smaller samples at once

● Blank- a control group used for data comparison

● Standard- various known values that can be used for data comparison

● Analytical balance- masses a sample up to four decimal places

● Filtration- a method of separating parts of a solution based on partial size using a

filter

● Chromatography- a method of separating parts of a solution based on polarity

● Paper chromatography- shows colors to separate polarity

● Column chromatography- uses a cap to retain color to separate based in

retention

● HPLC- uses a machine to separate based on polarity using retention time and

hydrophobic/hydrophilic tendencies

● Introduction- basic knowledge surrounding a topic

● Abstract- overall summary of research, experimentation, results, and application

● Discussion- includes application and compares to existing research

● Conclusion- overall findings from research

● Results- mainly composed of data tables and charts holding qualitative or

quantitative data

Zoology

Nathan Holloway● Biological magnification-the process whereby certain substances such as

pesticides or heavy metals move up the food chain, work their way into rivers or

lakes, and are eaten by aquatic organisms such as fish, which in turn are eaten

by large birds, animals or humans.

● Imidacloprid-the most widely used pesticide

● Homologies-similarities

● Brine shrimp- model organism used by scientists

● Aeration system- provides air to a solution mostly water

● Autoclave-for cleaning objects and killing all bacteria

● High Performance Liquid Chromatography Machine - The machine used to run

high performance liquid chromatography.

● High Performance Liquid Chromatography - An analytical technique by which a

liquid is separated into its components by its physical processes perties.

● Chromatogram - The resulting graph of a high performance liquid

chromatography run

● Pressure - The continuous force exerted

● P-value - A mathematical constant that represents whether or not data has

sufficiently disproved the null hypothesis

● Metabolism - The chemical processes that maintain an organism’s life.

● Artemia Salina - Brine shrimp

● Homogenization - The process of destroying something into one thing

● Beaker- used for holding objects usually liquid

● Flask-smaller opening than a beaker

● Sample population-a small sample of a larger population to find results

● Dissection microscope-gives a broad perspective of what you want to see

● Microscope slide-place what you want to see on it

● Hemoglobin-chemical in the blood

● Microscope cover-covers what you want to see to avoid other things from going

on it

● Isopropanol-alcohol for cleaning

● Analytical balance-accurate measurement of weight

● Fume hood-use when using toxic materials

● Serological pipette-

● Spectrophotometer- amount of light that goes through an object

● Micropipette- accurate measurements of volume

● Micropipette tip- where the substance is being put

● Solute-goes into the solute

● Solvent- what the solute goes into to dissolve

● Acute poisoning-fast and strong poisoning

● concentrations- the amount of solute in relation to solution

● Opaque- can't see through object

● Aquarium salt- used for organisms that live in salt environments

● Spatula- used to pick up items

● Microwave- used to heat up items

● Hot plate- heats up items with a beaker on top

● Adaptation- organisms change according to their environment

● Growth chamber- grows plants because sis simulates the same environment

● Incubator- grows bacteria