€¦ · Web view · 2018-04-04led opposing forces to use tanks + airplanes + submarines against...
Transcript of €¦ · Web view · 2018-04-04led opposing forces to use tanks + airplanes + submarines against...
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World History - World War 1 / Russian Revolution - A New Kind of War
A New Kind of War World War 1 =
________________ largest conflict in history up to that time.
______________ = Mobilized 8.5 million men
______________ = Mobilized 9 million men
______________ = Mobilized 12 million men
______________ = Mobilized 11 Million men
1 In 4 who fought in the World War did not come back again.
Children in Montenegro That’s not counting the maimed, blind, and mad!
Stalemate on the Western Front
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German forces fought their way through
_________ toward ________ = Belgians resisted more than German Generals expected plan for quick defeat slowed.
___________________________ = Russia mobilized more quickly than expected + Won small victories German generals shifted troops to east ______________ forces in west.
(September 1914) British + French troops pushed back German drive along Marne River = ________________________ Germany’s hopes of quick victory on Western Front gone.
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Both sides =
_________________________ to protect armies from fierce enemy fire turned into a long ____________________________.
From _____ – ______ warring armies on the Western Front = faced one another vast system of deep trenches.
Millions of soldiers lived out in the ________ + sharing food with _____ + sharing bed with ____.
Between opposing trench lines = “_________ ________” every house + tree long gone + many shell
holes.
Soldiers = Go “_______________” charging into “no man’s land” with luck soldiers overrun a few enemy trenches.
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The enemy would counterattack = similar results struggle continued back + forth for a few _______________________ of territory.
Stalemate ________________________________________ ________________________________________
Battle lines in France would remain ___________ ______________ for four years.
To break the stalemate = __________________ massive offensives from both sides in 1916.
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German forces = tried to overwhelm the French at ____________ French forces held firm: “They shall not pass”
____________ struggle = half million casualties.
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___________________ = Offensive at the Somme River 60,000 British soldiers killed or wounded in one day!
5 month battle = 1 million casualties ___________________________ .
Technology of Modern Warfare
Enormous casualties = Western Front destructive power of ______________________.
Rapid Fire Machine Gun + Long Range Artillery gun = significantly improved weaponry.
_____________ = mowed down waves of soldiers.
__________ = flying debris from Artillery shells killed + wounded even more soldiers than guns.
Artillery allowed troops to shell the enemy from more than _________________ away.
Trench Design = Front Line Trenches were dug in a _______________ pattern prevents enemy from firing down the line.
______________________ = perpendicular to front line trenches routes for mail + food + supplies + reinforcements + transport of wounded soldiers.
Poison Gas:
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(1915) First Germany then Allies = began using ___________________ (New Weapon).
Poison Gas = ____________ or ______________ its victims + caused agonizing burns + blisters.
Poison Gas could be _____________= one of most dreaded hazards of the war.
Poison Gas = ___________________________ shifting winds could blow the gas back on the soldiers who launched it.
Tanks, Airplanes, and Submarines:
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WW1 = Advancements in technology _______
_________________ led opposing forces to use tanks + airplanes + submarines against each other.
(1916) Britain introduced the first armored __________ = Mounted with machine guns rolled on sturdy tracks + navigated through barbed wire + over rough terrain of “no man’s land”.
The First Tanks Broke down often = __________ to break the ___________________.
________________ = trained to leap over barbed wire carried vital information to the front lines.
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________________ = first used to observe enemy troop movements.
(1915) Germany = _______________ bombed English coast.
Zeppelins ________________________________________.
Both sides later equipped ___________________ _____________ = Pilots known as “flying aces” spectacular “______________________”.
Fight in the sky had little effect on fighting on the ground.
____________ = much more important than Airplanes German
______________ did tremendous damage to Allied side.
U-Boats nicknamed from the German word for submarine; Unterseeboot.
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German U Boats sunk vital merchant ships carrying supplies.
To defend against attack = Allies
organized _______________ protected by warships.
Convoys _________________________________________
Battle on Other European Fronts_______________________ = battle lines shifted back and forth sometimes over large areas.
Eastern Front = not marred with Trench Warfare Casualties even ________ + results just as ____________.
Russian Losses on the Eastern Front:
(August 1914) Russian Armies Pushed into Eastern Germany = Suffered disastrous defeat at ____________ causing Russia to retreat.
Russia = ___________________________ poorly equipped to fight a modern war.
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Some Russian troops even lacked _______________.
New Combatants in the Balkans and Southern Europe:
(1915) ____________ joined Central Powers + helped defeat Balkan rival Serbia.
(1915) ____________ declared war on _______________ + later on ____________________.
(1916) _________________ joined the Allies hoping to gain land in Hungary ___________________________.
Secret Treaty with Allies promised ____________ some ________________ ruled lands inhabited by Italians.
Over next 2 years = Italians + Austrians fought eleven battles along Isonzo River.
(October 1917) Austrians +
Germans = launched major offensive _________________________.
Italians retreated in disarray Later British + French forces help stop the ________________________ from advancing into Italy.
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War Around the World
World War 1 = Global Conflict _________ allied w/ ____________ + used War as excuse to seize German outposts in _________ + ____________.
The Ottoman Empire Joins the Central Powers:
Due to Strategic location = __________________ was a desirable ally had the Ottoman Turks jointed the allies the Central Powers would have been almost completely encircled.
(October 1914) ____________________ Joined the _______________________ = cut off crucial supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles.
Dardanelles a vital strait connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.
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(1915) Allies sent a massive force of British + Indian + Australian + New Zealander troops = attempt to open the strait
________________.
Turkish Troops trapped the Allies on the peninsula + Beaches = 10 months + 200,000 Casualties ________________________________________.
Meanwhile = Turkey fought Russia in ________
______________ Turkey’s northern border.
Region = home to ethnic ______________ some lived under ____________ rule + some lived under ______________ rule.
Armenians = _________ minority in Ottoman Empire + did not have same rights as Muslims.
As Russians advanced = some ________________ joined + helped Russian army against Turks.
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Ottoman government used this cooperation as a reason to deport the entire Armenian Population to ___________ + _______________________-.
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During the deportation = between_________ and _____ Million Armenians died planned massacres + starvation due to marching without food.
Many Armenians fled to other countries _____________ = almost no Armenians in historic homeland in _________.
Turks = hit hard in Middle East vast areas with Arab Nationalists who revolted against Ottoman rule.
(______) Husayn ibn Ali = declared a revolt against Ottoman Rule.
British = Send T.E. Lawrence ______________ ____________.
Lawrence = _________________________ led guerrilla raids against Turks + dynamited bridges + supply trains.
Ottoman Empire = lost great deal of territory including key city of __________________.
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War and the Colonies:
European Colonies = drawn into war ________ overran __________ colonies in ________ + ____.
Nations also turned to _____________ = troops + laborers + supplies.
______________ recruited = British India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand + __________ recruited = French West Africa.
Some colonists were reluctant to serve rulers who did not treat them fairly.
Others viewed service as a step toward ___________ or __________________.