UWP with Charge

Student Charge for UWP Case

Venkat Rao Melanie Stambaugh

Jessica Hendrawidjaja

Kyle Bartlow

URBAN WATER PARTNERS

U UMAR

What We Do

Analysis

Tanzania Strategy

Expansion

Risks

WPARTNERSP


What We Do Analysis Tanzania Strategy Expansion RisksU W P

AFFORDABILITY

ACCESS

LONG-TERM

IMPACT

3 year return = 2.55X = 155%5 year return = 9.77X = 877%

7 year return = 20.63X = 1,963%


$200,000 investment for a 20% equity stake in UWP

YIELD

What We Do Analysis Tanzania Strategy Expansion RisksW PU

SOLUTION OVERVIEW

Provide Clean Water through existing channels

Utilize Slow-Sand Filter & mobile banking technology

Expand UWP to more urban cities

Enrich public health while growing &

sustaining a profitable business

What We Do Analysis Tanzania Strategy Expansion RisksW PU

TANZANIA

Dar es Salaam Population: 2.8 million

Positive attitude towards FDI

90% can’t access tap water

Waterborne pathogens cause ~1.7 million deaths/year

P What We Do Analysis Tanzania Strategy Expansion RisksW PU

UWP MODEL

Legal Connection Piped Water

Water Vendor (x20)

Consumer (x150)

Safe Drinking Water

UWP Technicians

UWP FILTER

UWP1 Tech.= 20 vendors1 Filter = 1 Vendor1 Vendor = 150 Cons.Vendor keeps 20% of revenue


SLOW SAND FILTRATION


SLOW SAND FILTRATION

ADVANTAGES• Simple design, no power, little

maintenance• Recognized as the superior

surface water filtration system

• Removes over 99% harmful bacteria & viruses from water.

DISADVANTAGES• Slower filtration rate than

some other methods• Necessary to perform "wet

harrowing” and maintain the Smutzdecke


FILTER MANUFACTURING

Price per filter drops to $295

Hire locals and maintain Blue Future support

FUTUREOpen a manufacturing plant in the Temeke District of

Dar es Salaam

PRESENTWorking with Blue Future for manufacturing ($445)


Fast Sand Filtration

Boiling Distillation UV Irradiation

Reverse Osmosis

Slow Sand Filtration

Cost

Power

Maintenance

Effectiveness

Filtration Speed

ALTERNATIVE FILTRATION METHODS

= Excellent= Fair= Poor


MOBILE BANKING – Tanzanian Market

Strong User Base

• 9.2 million registered mobile payment users

• Only 12% of population has a formal bank account

High Value Proposition

• Minimum risk in comparison to holding cash

Growth Opportunity

• 97% of population has access to mobile device


56.78 TZS106.78 TZS

MOBILE BANKING – How It Works

Acc. Balance: 100 TZS

Acc. Balance: 50 TZS

(56.78 TZS) 43.22 TZS


VENDORCONSUMER

EXPANSION


StabilityNeed for

Purification System

Population Water Connections

Vendor Access

Mobile Banking TOTAL

Lusaka 5 3 3 5 3 5 24

Maputo 3 3 3 5 4 4 22

Accra 4 5 4 2 3 2 20

Nairobi 5 5 4 2 1 3 20

Kampala 1 5 3 4 3 3 19

Kinshasa 1 5 4 3 3 1 17

Maseru 4 1 1 4 5 1 16

Kaduna 3 3 2 3 3 2 16

Johannesburg 5 3 1 1 1 3 14

CITY ANALYSIS

Weakest Fit 1 5 Strongest Fit


MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE

• Located close to Tanzania• 43% population have

access to water

• CPI : 2.7• Ease of Business : 126

Steady Improvement• Mobile Banking :

Top 3 mobile banking carriers located in country

CPI: Corruption Perception Index


LUSAKA, ZAMBIA

• Located close to Tanzania• Efficient train route from

Tanzania

• CPI : 3• Ease of Business : 76

Rapidly Improving• Mobile Banking :

Largest cellular use in country

P What We Do Analysis Tanzania

Strategy Expansion RisksW PU

RISKS INVOLVED



Filter Damage

Underreporting

Corruption/Bribes

Currency Risk

Quality Control

Incentive Program

Filter Meters

Develop local relationships

Hedging with Forwards

Testing Program

Avoiding Under-Reporting



Because of revenue sharing

agreement, vendors may be

tempted to under-report

To prevent this meters will be

installed on every filter to

measure output

Technicians will check meters on

regular basis and meters can

only be removed or reset by key

Vendors billed 80% of what

meter reports

MITIGATING FILTER DAMAGE

Due t

o risk

of

da

mage

d

or a

buse

d filters

mai

nte

na

nce c

osts c

oul

d i

ncrease

by al

most

30%

Ve

ndors are

ma

de a

ware t

hat c

osts save

d

by kee

pi

ng filters

operati

onal

will

be ret

ur

ne

d t

o t

he

m

by

UWP

Givi

ng i

nce

ntives

will lesse

n

but

not eli

mi

nate risk,

mai

nte

na

nce c

osts

now esti

mate

d at a

15% i

ncrease

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 & 5 Year 6 & 7

Total3000 Filters

Implement50 Filters

Total 2000 Filters

Open Manufacturing

Plant

Market Analysis for Expansion

Enter Lusaka & Maputo

Evaluate Current Strategy

Target New Cities for

expansion

Evaluate Meter System

TIMELINE



FINANCIALS – Key Assumptions

Cost Drivers

• $400k CapEx in year 2 for local manufacturing facility (15yr straight-line dep)• 20% sales commission to vendors• $45 added cost per filter for meters

Risk Factors

• Underreporting : 10% of gross revenue• Filter misuse : 15% increase in base filter maintenance costs• Corruption : 15% of gross revenue

Growth RatesYear 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7

Growth Rate 25% 50% 35% 15%

Financial Projection Investor Returns Implementation TimelineU W P

PRO FORMA - Income Statement

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Gross Revenues 219,000$ 8,760,000$ 13,140,000$ Cost of Sales (43,800)$ (1,752,000)$ (2,628,000)$ Net Revenues 175,200$ 7,008,000$ 10,512,000$ Operating Expenses (251,783)$ (1,248,000)$ (1,745,567)$ Risk Related Costs (55,500)$ (2,220,000)$ (3,330,000)$ EBIT (132,083)$ 3,540,000$ 5,436,433$ Interest Expense -$ (100,000)$ -$ Profit Before Tax (132,083)$ 3,440,000$ 5,436,433$ Income Tax Expense 39,625$ (1,032,000)$ (1,630,930)$ Net Income (92,458)$ 2,408,000$ 3,805,503$


PRO FORMA – Cash Flow Statement


Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Net Cash from Operating Activities (86,975)$ 2,577,000$ 4,041,670$ Net Cash from Investing Activities (42,250)$ (1,467,750)$ (532,500)$ Net Cash from Financing Activities 200,000$ -$ -$ Free Cash Flow 70,775$ 1,109,250$ 3,509,170$ Ending Cash Balance 70,775$ 1,180,025$ 4,689,195$

$200k Investment for 20% Equity Stake

3 year return

= $510k

3 year return

= 2.55X

3 year return = 155%

5 year return = $1.535

M

5 year return

= 9.77X

5 year return = 877%

7 year return = $2.562

M

7 year return

= 20.63X

7 year return

= 1,963%

THE OPPORTUNITY


3 year 5 year 7 year

-500.00%

0.00%

500.00%

1000.00%

1500.00%

2000.00%

2500.00%

10%12%15%20%30%In

vest

or R

etur

n

Even if underreporting is rampant, there is an 7X return by year 7


Sensitivity Analysis – Underreporting

Business Model & Execution

Existing Infrastructure

--------- Utilize current

vendors, mobile payment

Need for Clean Water

Low Accessibility Lack of Affordable Options

Risks & Returns

Risks---------

Filter Damage, under-reporting, bribes, currency

risk, quality

SUMMARY

THANK YOU

APPENDIX

Presentation: Introduction What We Do Investment Solution Overview Tanzania Profile UWP Distro Model Slow Sand Filtration Slow Sand Pros Cons Filter Manufacture Alternatives Matrix Mobile Payments Mobile – How it Works Expansion Expansion Alternatives Maputo Lusaka Risks Meter System Vendor Incentive Program

Timeline Financial Assumptions Income Statement Cash Flow Statement Returns Sensitivity - Underreporting Summary

Biz Model: Other Filtration Methods City Data Temeke Warehouse Competition Competitive Pricing Seed Filter Mobile Payment Adoption Mobile Carrier Mkt Share Mobile Banking Success Mobile Banking Tariffs Mobile Banking Regulation

Risks: Corruption Quality Control Currency Risk

Financials: Sensitivity – Corruption Sensitivity – Filter Misuse Sensitivity Analysis - Growth Sensitivity Analysis - customers Cost of Capital Detailed Income Statement Detailed Cash Flow Statement CapEx Assumptions Depreciation Assumptions Revenue Assumptions Investor Returns Self-Sufficiency

Alternative Filtration Methods

• Fast Sand Filtration– Usually only cost effective for serving a population over 30,000– water must be pre treated before filtration– faster filtration– uses less area, sand, less sensitive to water quality– much greater maintenance– Cannot remove bacteria

• Boiling– cost of charcoal

• UV irradiation– Expensive to set up– Electricity required– Water must be somewhat clear before starting

• Distillation– bacteria or particles can find their way into collected water

• Reverse osmosis– expensive membrane– Membrane hard to maintain. gets clogged with dirty water.

City Data• South Africa, Johannesburg• stability: high• water need: medium• Population: 5m• Household sellers: 0• mobile banking implemented• Water connection rate: 88%

• Ghana, Accra• stability: high (with past fluctuation)• water need: high• Population: 4.5 million• Household sellers: yes• mobile banking expansion -zap• Water connection rate: 56%

• Kenya, Nairobi (no resellers)• stability: high• water need: high• Population: 4 million• Household sellers: 0• Water connection rate: 51%• mobile banking implemented

• Mozambique, Maputo• stability: high• water need: medium• Population: 1.4 million• Household seller rate: 26%• Water connection rate: 26%• mobile banking expansion-2010• multiple m-banking options

• DR Congo, Kinshasa• stability: low• water need: high• Population: 10m• mobile banking expanding-volatile• Household sellers: yes• Water connection rate: 36%

• Lesotho, Maseru• stability: high (high past fluctuation)• water need: low• Population: 300,000• Household seller rate: 31%• Water connection rate: 33%• mobile banking-not lucrative yet

• Uganda, Kampala• stability: low• water need: high• Population: 1.5m• Household sellers: yes• Water connection rate: 30%• Mobile banking expansion

• Nigeria, Kaduna• stability: medium• water need: medium• Population: 760,084• Water connection rate: 48%• Household sellers: yes• mobile banking-infancy

• Zambia, Lusaka• stability: medium• water need: medium• Population: 1.75 million• household connection: 27%• household sellers: yes• Great mobile banking potential!• mobile banking expansion

Temeke Warehouse

• Staff of ten includes management and workers

• Once warehouse is up and running will be self-sufficient

• Every filter checked for quality before transport

• Location provides access in Tanzania but also to neighboring countries by road and rail

High

High

Health Benefit

LowLow

Affordability

UWP

TANZANIQUA

WATERGUARD

FILTERPURE

COMPETITION

• Siphon Filter: focus on hygienic usability• Flexible market• Market: low to middle class• Still a pilot project; need approval from Tanzanian

government to sell the filter• Natural taste, soil taste• Flow rate: 4-5L/hour• Filter capacity: 7,000 L = 1 year• Expensive:

– Complete filter: 7-11 Euro = 15,156 – 23,817 TZS– Replacement: 2 Euro= 4,330.5 TZS

TANZANIAQUA

TANZANIAQUA

• Price: 7.5 TZS/litre• A household uses approx. 10 litres of drinking water/day• Collaborate with Ministry of Health & Social Welfare and the

Ministry of Water & Irrigation• Simple, safe, low cost chlorine based household water

treatment• Liquid – common in urban areas; tablet – in rural area ( ease

of transportation & longer shelf life)• Chemical taste & odor, burns throat• Ads targeting women: supported by local & national radio

spots• Ineffective at killing some parasites and can lose effectiveness

when used with highly turbid water

WATERGUARD

WATERGUARD

• Ceramic water filtration• Point of Use method: easy to use• Maintenance: boil the filter every 3 months• Low flow rates:

– Ideally: 1-3 liters/hour– Actual flow rates 0.2L/hour

• Effective useful life: 5 years• High Cost production to maintain quality

FILTERPURE

FILTERPURE

Methods of Purification Per liter

Slow-sand filters $0.08

Bottled Water $0.12 - $0.30

Charcoal boiling $0.50

Waterguard $0.13

Competitive-Pricing

MORINGA OLEIFERA Water Treatment

• Powder helps lower Turbidity of water• The harvest of a mature single tree (3 kg) will

treat just above 30,000 liters of water.• For 450,000 liters a day you would need the

harvest of 5,500 trees• 16,500 kg/ 2.2= 7,500pounds• 10$ per pound*7,500pounds: $75,000 in year

3

MOBILE BANKING – How It Works

Register and open an account

Deposit money at an approved outlet

Use the mobile payment menu on your cellphone to send money

Technology adoption for select innovations (number years to reach 80% coverage)

Technology Adoption

MOBILE BANKING Potential Competition

• Safaricom-Grundfos LIFELINK Partnership• Purchase water via M-PESA • Smart card used to access

water

• Complex payment/water retrieval system

• Non-conventional• High set-up costs due to location

differences

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

MOBILE BANKING – Market Share

42%

28%

8%

22%

TIGOM-PESA

ZAP

ZANTEL

VODACOM

ZAIN

TigoPeza

Z-PEZA

MOBILE BANKING SUCCESS

KENYA

SOUTH AFRICA• Largest use of Mobile Banking on

continent• Provides options for both bank/non-bank

account holders

• M-PESA grew by 61% (2009-2010)• Socially accepted: “M-PESA Me”• Only form of payment at select

locations

LUSAKA MOBILE BANKING SUBSCRIBER

Total net tariff rates for depositing and sending money by Postapay and by M PESA to a registered user and to a non registered user ‐ ‐

Mobile Payment; Tariff Costs

Coordinated Regulation

Bank of Tanzania--------

Financial Transactions

Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority

--------Communication Infrastructure

Less Fraud

Improved Security

Comprehensive Legislation

by EOY

MOBILE BANKING – Regulations & Security

• Many local leaders will attempt to extract bribes for information or permission to operate

• Educate local leaders on social mission of company: eliminate disease, provide clean water, stimulate business, etc.

• Local workers are less likely to be asked for bribes• Gain support of government and port authority

DEALING WITH BRIBES

• Brand image will diminish if quality degrades

• Technicians must file weekly quality checks on each filter in their area

• Any filter that does not pass quality check will be immediately disabled and an investigation will take place

QUALITY CONTROL

USD/TZS

How can we mitigate this risk?

• Use forwards swaps a series of forward contracts• Locks in exchange at current forward rate. Less exposed to

risk related to currency exchange rate volatility

CURRENCY RISK


-500.00%

0.00%

500.00%

1000.00%

1500.00%

2000.00%

2500.00%

10%12%15%20%30%

Inve

stor

Ret

urn

Even if corruption is at an extreme, there is a 7X return by year 7


Sensitivity Analysis – Corruption

3 year 5 year 7 year0.00%

500.00%

1000.00%

1500.00%

2000.00%

2500.00%

15%17%20%25%35%In

vest

or R

etur

n

Large changes in filter misuse do not have a large impact on investor return


Sensitivity Analysis – Filter Misuse

Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7Growth Rate (conservative) 5% 10% 8% 6%

10% 20% 15% 8%15% 30% 22% 10%20% 40% 29% 12%

Growth Rate (projected) 25% 50% 35% 15%


-500.00%

0.00%

500.00%

1000.00%

1500.00%

2000.00%

Series1Series2Series3Series4Series5In

vest

or R

etur

n

Even with conservative growth rates there is a 12X return by year 7

Sensitivity Analysis – Growth Rates

Even with an extremely low amount of customers there is a 5X return by year 7


-500000

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

4500000

150 customers130 customers120 customers110 customers100 customers80 customers

Sensitivity Analysis – # of Customers

Beta 0.689Risk-free rate 3.46%Return on market 6.84%

K(e): 8.17%

Interest Rate 10.00%K(d): 10.00%

Total Debt Weight 13.30%Total Equity Weight 86.70%Cost of Debt 10.00%Cost of Equity 8.17%Tax Rate 40%

K: 7.88%

Weighted Average Cost of Capital

Cost of Equity Capital

Cost of Debt Capital

COST OF CAPITAL

Pro Forma Income

Statement (detailed)

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Revenue Vendors 50 2,000 3,000 Customers per vendor 150 150 150 Total customers 7,500 300,000 450,000 Liters per day 1 1 1 Cost per liter 0 0 0 Days 365 365 365Total Revenue 219,000 8,760,000 13,140,000Vendor Revenue Share (43,800) (1,752,000) (2,628,000)Net Revenue 175,200 7,008,000 10,512,000

Operating Costs Technician Salary 3,600 120,000 180,000 Management Salary 120,000 325,000 400,000 Sales Staff 0 36,000 36,000 Filter Testing 5,200 208,000 312,000 Filter Maintanence 5,000 200,000 300,000 Marketing 10,000 25,000 40,000 Brand Ambassador 100,000 100,000 131,400 Vehicle Operations 2,500 65,000 110,000 Depreciation Expense 5,483 169,000 236,167Total Operating Costs (251,783) (1,248,000) (1,745,567)Total Operating Income (76,583) 5,760,000 8,766,433

Risk Related Costs Underreporting 21,900 876,000 1,314,000 Filter Misuse 750 30,000 45,000 Corruption Costs 32,850 1,314,000 1,971,000Total Risk Cost (55,500) (2,220,000) (3,330,000)Interest Expense 0 (100,000) 0Profit Before Tax (132,083) 3,440,000 5,436,433Income Tax Expense 39,625 (1,032,000) (1,630,930)Net Income (92,458) 2,408,000 3,805,503

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Cash Flow from Operating Activities Net Income (92,458.33)$ 2,408,000.00$ 3,805,503.33$ Add back Depreciation 5,483$ 169,000$ 236,167$ Net Cash from Operating Activities (86,975.00)$ 2,577,000.00$ 4,041,670.00$

Cash Flow from Investing Activities Capital Expenditures (42,250)$ (1,467,750)$ (532,500)$ Net Cash from Investing Activities (42,250)$ (1,467,750)$ (532,500)$

Cash Flow from Financing Activities Payments of debt -$ (1,000,000)$ -$ Equity Investment 200,000$ -$ -$ Proceeds from debt 1,000,000$ -$ Net Cash from Financing Activities 200,000$ -$ -$

Free Cash Flow 70,775.00$ 1,109,250.00$ 3,509,170.00$ Ending Cash Balance 70,775.00$ 1,180,025.00$ 4,689,195.00$

Pro Forma Cash Flow Statement (detailed)

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Manufacturing Plant 0 400,000 0Slowsand Filters Number installed 50 1,950 1,000 Cost per filter 445 295 295Total expenditure 22,250 575,250 295,000

Technician Motorcylces Number 3 97 50 Cost per motorcycle 2,500 2,500 2,500Total Expenditure 7,500 242,500 125,000

Flatbed Trucks Number 1 20 9 Cost per truck 12,500 12,500 12,500Total Expenditure 12,500 250,000 112,500Total CapEx 42,250 1,467,750 532,500

CapEx Assumptions

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 AssumptionDepreciation Expense (Filters) 1483.3 39833.3 59500.0 15 yr straight lineDepreciation Expense (Vehicles) 4000.0 102500.0 150000.0 5 yr straight lineDepreciation Expense (Plant) 0.0 26666.7 26666.7 15 yr straight lineDepreciation Expense (Total) 5483.3 169000.0 236166.7Accumulated Depreciation 5483.3 174483.3 410650.0

Depreciation Assumptions

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3Revenue Vendors 50 2000 3000 Customers per Vendor 150 150 150 Total Customers 7500 300000 450000 Liters per day 1 1 1 Cost per liter 0.08 0.08 0.08 Days 365 365 365Total Revenue 219000 8760000 13140000Vendor Revenue Share 43800 1752000 2628000Net Revenue 175200 7008000 10512000

Revenue Assumptions

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7Free Cash Flow 65,291.67$ 940,250.00$ 3,273,003.33$ 4,091,254.17$ 6,136,881.25$ 8,284,789.69$ 9,527,508.14$ Investor Share (20%) 13,058.33$ 188,050.00$ 654,600.67$ 818,250.83$ 1,227,376.25$ 1,656,957.94$ 1,905,501.63$ Initial Investment (200,000)$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ Net Return (186,941.67)$ 188,050.00$ 654,600.67$ 818,250.83$ 1,227,376.25$ 1,656,957.94$ 1,905,501.63$ NPV (3 years) $509,673.87NPV (5 years) $1,953,781.06NPV (7 years) $4,125,461.99

Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7Growth Rate 25% 50% 35% 15%

INVESTORS RETURN

$4,689,195 FCF in Year 3

CapEx in Years 4 & 5

• $400k for manufacturing facility• $1200k for filters• $500k for motorcycles• $526k for trucks• Total = $2,626,000

FCF can fund to projects and CapEx moving forward, while Sales will easily cover Operating Expenses.

NO NEW DEBT OR EQUITY needed.

SELF-SUFFICIENCY

UWP with Charge

Documents

Transcript of UWP with Charge