Using Direct Quotes

• Only use direct quotes when:– Exact wording is focus of discussion– Wording is so striking, it cannot be paraphrased

easily

Trustees of the University of South Carolina (2000)

Dearolf (2003) Marshall et al. (2003)

Using Direct Quotes

• My advice – don’t do it!• In Biological Journals– Direct quotes are extremely rare – Large blocks of direct quotes do NOT appear– Usually restricted to use of terms and/or

definitions• Put ideas in your own words

Using Direct Quotes

• My advice – don’t do it!• In Biological Journals– Direct quotes are extremely rare – Large blocks of direct quotes do NOT appear– Usually restricted to use of terms and/or

definitions• Put ideas in your own words

Plagiarism• Most marine mammals have some sort of anatomical

arrangement in the vena cava at the level of the diaphragm that is capable of interrupting, to a varying extent, the blood flow through that vessel.

• Blood flow through the vena cava can be interrupted, to varying degrees, by an anatomical arrangement in this vessel at the level of the diaphragm in most marine mammals.

• One of the adaptations possessed by many marine mammals for diving is a sphincter around the vena cava where it passes through the diaphragm. This sphincter is able to control the flow of blood through the vena cava during dives to depth.

Plagiarism• Most marine mammals have some sort of anatomical

arrangement in the vena cava at the level of the diaphragm that is capable of interrupting, to a varying extent, the blood flow through that vessel.

• Blood flow through the vena cava can be interrupted, to varying degrees, by an anatomical arrangement in this vessel at the level of the diaphragm in most marine mammals.

• One of the adaptations possessed by many marine mammals for diving is a sphincter around the vena cava where it passes through the diaphragm. This sphincter is able to control the flow of blood through the vena cava during dives to depth (Ridgway 1972).