US Participation in the International Collaboration at Super KEKB
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US Participation in the International Collaboration at Super KEKB
Tom Browder (University of Hawaii)
1. Accelerator: Plan and Track Record
2. Detector: Track record, Plan and possible US contributions
On behalf of US groups (Cincinnati, Hawaii, VPI and University of IllinoisN)
Thanks to Zoltan Ligeti for a compelling discussion of the physics case
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New Physics
Are there new particles beyond those in the SM, which have different couplings (either in magnitude or in phase) ?
Supersymmety is an example (~40 new phases). Extra dimensions is another. (N.B. Sensitivity can extend beyond LHC)
(in the Weak Interaction)
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KEK’s 5 year Roadmap• Official 20 page report released on January 4, 2008 by
director A. Suzuki and KEK management
• KEKB’s upgrade to 2x1035 /cm2/sec in 3+x years is the central element in particle physics. (Funding limited: Final goal is 8 x 1035 and an integrated luminosity of 50 ab-1)– Will be finalized after recommendations by the Roadmap
Review Committee (March 9-10).• Membership: Young Kee Kim, John Ellis, Rolf Heuer, Andrew
Hutton, Jon Rosner, H. Takeda and reviewers from other fields
Super-Belle (and Super KEKB) is an open international project that covers the next two orders of magnitudes at the luminosity frontier. A special opportunity for high impact international collaboration
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2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
KEK Roadmap
• KEKB
• PF/PF-AR
Detector R&D
• J-PARC
ILCILC R&D
construction
experiment + upgrade
PF-ERL
• R&D for Advanced Accelerator and Detector Technology
ERL
R&D construction experiment
C-ERL R&D
• LHC
construction experiment + upgrade
construction test experiment
construction experiment + upgrade
experiment upgrade experiment + upgrade
Very P
relim
inary
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2007 2008 2009 2010
Experiment at KEKB
4 71 10 414 71 104 71 104 71 1010
2011 2012
KEKB/Belle upgrade
DetectorStudy Report(March 08)
Final detectordesign(April 09)
Pre kick-offmeeting(March 08)
2007 2008 20094 71 1 42 1010 3 5 8 9 11 12 2 311 12 6
Detector proposals Internal review
TDR
BNM(January 08)
One-day general meeting and an IB meeting at every BGM
Meeting plan
Actions to invite new collaborators
Kick-offmeeting(July 08)
TIght Schedule for the Super KEKB Collaboration
(inc. PID shootout)
**
** Possible 6-month shift to the right
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KEKB’s Track Record
PEP-IIfor BaBar
KEKBfor Belle
KEKB + PEP-II
~ 1.3 Billion BB pairs~768/fb (Feb 20)~768/fb (Feb 20)
~506/fb (Feb 20)~506/fb (Feb 20)
design lu
minosity
May be time to switch units to ab-1Lpeak (KEKB) = 1.7 x 1034/cm2/sec (design 1.0)
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• Asymmetric energy Asymmetric energy eeee collider at E collider at ECMCM=m=m(((4S)) (4S)) to beto be realized by realized by upgrading the existing KEKB collider.upgrading the existing KEKB collider.
• Initial target: Initial target: 1010××higher luminosityhigher luminosity 2210103535/cm/cm22/sec/sec 221010 9 9 BBBB and and per yr. per yr. • Final goal: Final goal: LL=8=810103535/cm/cm22/sec/sec and and ∫∫L dt = L dt = 5050 abab-1-1
Crab cavityCrab cavity
3.5GeV e
8GeV e
New beam-pipeNew beam-pipewith ante-chamberwith ante-chamber
DampingDampingring for ering for e++
New IR with crabNew IR with crabcrossing and crossing and
smaller smaller yy**
More RF for higherMore RF for higherbeam currentbeam current
SR
beam
after 3 year shutdown
: A Super-B Factory at KEK
e+ source
Ares RF cavity
SCC RF(HER)
ARES
(LER)
3.5 GeV e+
8 GeV e-
Many Super B components are being tested now
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1st layer
Beam Background (after 1st optimization)
Conservative, robust detector should be handle up to 20 times more background
Rad-Bhabha mask around QCS magnetIR chamber design
Results based on GEANT sims validated by Belle/KEKB experience.
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Features of the Super KEKB detector
Issues:Higher background (x 20)
Higher event rate (x 50)
Radiation damage and occupancyFake hits and pile-up in EM cal
In contrast to LHCb, superb neutral detection capabilities.
Capable of observing rare “missing energy modes” such as BK bar with B tags. Hermiticity is critical.
e.g. BKS 0 γ can be used to detect right-handed currents
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Super Belle: A detector for SuperKEKB
New dead time free pipelined readout and
high speed computing systems
Faster calorimeter with waveform sampling and pure CsI (endcap)
New particle identifier with precise Cherenkov device:
(i)TOP or fDIRC.
Si vertex detector withhigh background tolerance
((1)faster readout then (2)pixels)
Background tolerant super small celltracking detector
KL/ detectionwith scintillator
and next generationphoton sensors
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Conventional solutions (DSSD Si strips) are on the edge
Stopgap alternatives include faster readout electronics (US proposes a pipelined VA chip)
~10% ~4%
~2% ~2%
Present: Belle SVD2
US contribution: Vertexing at KEK Super B
SuperKEKB luminosity: L~1.7 x 1034 → L~ 1036 cm-2.s-1
SVD occupancy
Present : layer 1 of SVD
~10% occupancy / 200 krad.yr-
1
KEKB Upgrade: Super-Belle
~ x 20 expected increase
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A more robust long term solution: Super KEKB Pixel Detector
Marc Rosen
Significant R+D Issues
Can expect ~ 0.5% occupancy
Assume 22.5 μm pixels and 10 μsec integration time
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PID at KEK Super B
Two new particle ID devices, both using Cherenkov light:
Barrel: Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) (baseline), iTOP, focusing DIRC (US contributions to readout electronics, optics)
Endcap: proximity focusing aerogel RICH (Slovenia, KEK)
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Principle of a TOP counter
Linear array PMT (~5mm)Time resolution ~40ps
~2m
K
Simulation2GeV/c, =90 deg.
~200ps
Different propagation lengths propagation times
(Measure 1D position and time in a compact detector)
US groups: Can the performance be improved by imaging (i-TOP or f-DIRC) ?
Provides ~4σ /K separation at 3.5 GeV/c
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US contribution: imaging TOP (iTOP)
Bars compatible (though thinner)with proposed TOP counter
Concept: Use best of both TOP (timing) and DIRC and fit in Belle PID envelope
• Use new, compact solid-state photon detectors, new high-density electronics• Use simultaneous T, c [measured-predicted] for maximum K/ separation• Keep pixel size comparable to DIRC
BaBar DIRC
Marc Rosen(UH)
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Zoom in: US contribution (iTOP)
44 rows x 92 columns to planar array = 4048 channels2 ends x 16 bars = 129,536 readout channels
2.5mm x 5mm collectors 1.25mm x 2.5mm G-APD
i-TOP is better than TOP (MC in progress)
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US Contribution: Focusing DIRC US Contribution: Focusing DIRC AlternativeAlternative
Cincinnati
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Scintillator based KL/μ for KEK SuperB
• Two independent (x and y) layers in one superlayer made of orthogonal strips with WLS read out
• Photodetector = avalanche photodiode in Geiger mode (GAPD)• ~120 strips in one 90º sector (max L=280cm, w=25mm)• ~30000 readout channels• Geometrical acceptance > 99%
Strips: polystyrene with 1.5% PTP & 0.01% POPOPDiffusion reflector (TiO2)
WLS: Kurarai Y11 1.2 mm GAPD
Mirror 3M (above groove & at fiber end)
Iron plate
Aluminium frame
x-strip plane
y-strip plane
Optical glue increase the light yield ~ 1.2-1.4)
Possible US contribution to readout electronics
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HIGG’s at Belle ??HIGG’s= High Impact Gaijin Groups
Will restrict comments here to US Groups: Cincinnati, Hawaii, Princeton, VPI, (Illinois/RIKEN)
Two foreign spokespersons
Construction and software of the KLM detector
Construction and software for the TOF
Two ICPV group leaders+many analyses
One analysis coordinator
Discoveries of new particles e.g. X(3872)
Measurement of /φ2
SVD readout, IR masking +design, Kalman filter
Dedicated run at the Upsilon(5S)
Two publication council (PC) members
(Azimuthal spin asymmetries)
Many, many analyses…..
(Track Record of Exceeding Expectations)
US Role in the past
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US participation in Super KEKB: 3 funding scenarios.
7.4 x 106
4.0 x 106
2.1 x 106
No contribution to final production. No pixel upgrade
Assume startup in 2012, and US contributions to Si readout, pixel upgrade, PID device and muon system.
(Values assume 4 DOE groups as well as 33% contingency for hardware and a 5 year project)
hardware
hardware
hardware
Total: 15.8 x 106
Total: 12.4 x 106
Total: 10.5 x 106
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Series1 2.27 2.86 3.93 4.99 1.68
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Super KEKB Funding Profile (US Groups)
Leadership Scenario
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
US Participation in Super KEKB (Fair Share Scenario)
Series1 2.37 3.06 2.76 2.47 1.68
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
US Participation in Super KEKB (Minor Share Scenario)
Series1 2.20 2.73 2.20 1.68 1.68
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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US Super KEKB Funding Profiles (Some possible scenarios)
Si Pixel Top Personnel2008 2.27 0.16 0.15 0.28 1.68
2009 2.86 0.32 0.30 0.57 1.68
2010 3.93 0.43 0.15 1.67 1.68
2011 4.99 0.55 0 2.77 1.68
2012 1.68 0 0 0 1.68
2008 2.37 0.16 0.08 0.45 1.68
2009 3.06 0.32 0.17 0.90 1.68
2010 2.76 0.16 0.08 0.84 1.68
2011 2.47 0 0 0.79 1.68
2012 1.68 0 0 0 1.68
Total SVD Pixel iTOP personnel
Leadership Scenario
Fair share scenario
2008 2.20 0.16 0.08 0.28 1.68
2009 2.73 0.32 0.17 0.57 1.68
2010 2.20 0.16 0.08 0.28 1.68
2011 1.68 0 0 0 1.68
2012 1.68 0 0 0 1.68
Minor share scenario
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Conclusions on the US Role at Super KEKB
This is a special opportunity for high impact international collaboration.
KEK is moving ahead with a machine and detector designed to discover new FCNC and new sources of CPV
For the US groups, we propose participation in the silicon readout, pixel upgrade, optics and readout of the PID device, and the scintillator based muon upgrade.
The accelerator and detector have a track record of exceeding expectations.
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Backup Slides
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0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Series1 2.27 2.86 3.93 4.99 1.68
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Super KEKB Funding Profile (US Groups)
Leadership Scenario
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Silicon strip readout (pipelined VA1) (Hawaii)0.125 prototypes0.25 ASIC
0.625 hybrid production0.1 test infrastructure
1.1 total Si readout
Pixel Upgrade R&D (installation after t=0)0.1 small-scale prototype ASIC sensor
0.15 large-scale prototype ASIC sensor0.2 beampipe/ladder support/cooling
0.45 total pixel R+D
(i) TOP readout and optics (Cincinnati, Hawaii)0.3 imaging lens/mirror development0.4 prototype demonstration system
2.25 pixelated photosensors (1000 Burle MCP)0 Burle development included above
0.15 ASIC readout prototype (includes test system)0.9 production readout system (all electronics)
0.25 ASIC0.15 packaging/test0.2 planar assemblies0.2 fiber/COPPER system interface0.1 trigger infrastructure
4 total i(TOP) readout and optics
Scintillator based muon counters (Illinois, VPI)TBDTBD
5.55 Total US hardware
7.3815 Total US hardware+ 33% contingency
15.7815 Total US Hardware+4 DOE groups/5 years
Personnel (2 professors, 2 postdocs, 3 grad students) per group
0.361 (includes travel to Japan)0.42/group/year (includes overhead)x 4
1.68 total per year for 4 existing DOE groups8.4 x 5 years
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0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
US Participation in Super KEKB (Fair Share Scenario)
Series1 2.37 3.06 2.76 2.47 1.68
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
US Participation in Super KEKB (Minor Share Scenario)
Series1 2.20 2.73 2.20 1.68 1.68
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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US contribution: imaging TOP (iTOP)
Instrument both ends & mean-time for triggering purposes
Needs T & ring reconstruction code
Readout Board
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imaging TOP (iTOP)
Acceptance gap: 2.4%
10mm thick bars
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Barrel PID (TOP)
• Quartz: 255cmL x 40cmW x 2cmT
– Focus mirror at 47.8deg. angle() y(); correct chromatic dispersion t()
• Multi-anode (GaAsP) MCP-PMT– Linear array (5mm pitch), Good time resolution (<40ps)
MCP-PMT
lifetime to be checked
re-polishing going on
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Accelerator Luminosity is funding-limited
Assume a construction project starting in 2009 with luminosity in 2012 (i.e. a 3 year accelerator and detector construction shutdown.)
200 oku-yen (European/Japanese accounting) is the default blue level
Slide from Oide
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Slide from Ohnishi
+ non-linear effects and machine errors
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Projected luminosity (in a pessimistic funding-limited scenario)
Inte
grat
e lu
min
osit
y (a
b-1)
Pea
k lu
min
osit
y (
cm-2s-1
)
3 yearsshutdown
DampingRing
RF upgrade
KEKroadmap
operation time : 200 days/year
Target forroadmap
Target forroadmap
This story could change with more funding for RF and more collaborators
Slide from Ohnishi
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Installed in the KEKB tunnel. Installed in the KEKB tunnel. (February 2007)(February 2007)
Installed in the KEKB tunnel. Installed in the KEKB tunnel. (February 2007)(February 2007)
Electron RingElectron Ring
Positron RingPositron Ring
22 mrad.22 mrad.crossingcrossing
crab crossingcrab crossing
Crab cavity commissioning
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Super B Factory vs current sensitivities
From TEB et al., hep-ph/0710.3799 and RMP in preparation
Hard to condense all the NP observables into one sound bite……
(50-75 ab-1)
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Focusing-DIRC Array Concept (Cincinnati)
Many k Photodetector
channels
SiPMs/APDs
ASIC
Carrier Socket Tiled Array Readout Board
Make full use of new pixelated photodetectors
(Sumiyoshi et al)
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Readout Electronics using “Oscilloscope on a Chip” Must do high speed
waveform sampling on a large number of channels in an economical way. This will be applied to timing for high luminosity PID (i-TOP or f-DIRC)
Labrador chip developed by Varner et al at Hawaii
LABRADOR CommercialSampling speed 1-3.7 GSa/s 2 GSa/s
Bits/ENOBs 12/9-10 8/7.4
Power/Chan. <= 0.05 W 5-10 W
Cost/Ch. $10 > 1k$
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Endcap PID (Aerogel-RICH)
1.0451.050
1.0551.062
Npe = 9.1, (track) = 4.2 mrad achieved
~5.5separation for 4 GeV/c K/
“Focusing” Aerogel radiator
Photon Sensors– Sensitive to single photon
• High QE >~ 20 %• High gain
– Position detection accuracy: ~5x5 mm2
– Large effective area: >~ 70 %– Operational with 1.5 Tesla magnetic field
Hybrid (Avalanche) Photon DetectorMCP (Micro Channel Plate) PMTSi-PM/MPPC