US Participation in the International Collaboration at Super KEKB

Tom Browder (University of Hawaii)

1. Accelerator: Plan and Track Record

2. Detector: Track record, Plan and possible US contributions

On behalf of US groups (Cincinnati, Hawaii, VPI and University of IllinoisN)

Thanks to Zoltan Ligeti for a compelling discussion of the physics case

New Physics

Are there new particles beyond those in the SM, which have different couplings (either in magnitude or in phase) ?

Supersymmety is an example (~40 new phases). Extra dimensions is another. (N.B. Sensitivity can extend beyond LHC)

(in the Weak Interaction)

KEK’s 5 year Roadmap• Official 20 page report released on January 4, 2008 by

director A. Suzuki and KEK management

• KEKB’s upgrade to 2x1035 /cm2/sec in 3+x years is the central element in particle physics. (Funding limited: Final goal is 8 x 1035 and an integrated luminosity of 50 ab-1)– Will be finalized after recommendations by the Roadmap

Review Committee (March 9-10).• Membership: Young Kee Kim, John Ellis, Rolf Heuer, Andrew

Hutton, Jon Rosner, H. Takeda and reviewers from other fields

Super-Belle (and Super KEKB) is an open international project that covers the next two orders of magnitudes at the luminosity frontier. A special opportunity for high impact international collaboration

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

KEK Roadmap

• KEKB

• PF/PF-AR

Detector R&D

• J-PARC

ILCILC R&D

construction

experiment + upgrade

PF-ERL

• R&D for Advanced Accelerator and Detector Technology

ERL

R&D construction experiment

C-ERL R&D

• LHC

construction experiment + upgrade

construction test experiment

construction experiment + upgrade

experiment upgrade experiment + upgrade

Very P

relim

inary

2007 2008 2009 2010

Experiment at KEKB

4 71 10 414 71 104 71 104 71 1010

2011 2012

KEKB/Belle upgrade

DetectorStudy Report(March 08)

Final detectordesign(April 09)

Pre kick-offmeeting(March 08)

2007 2008 20094 71 1 42 1010 3 5 8 9 11 12 2 311 12 6

Detector proposals Internal review

TDR

BNM(January 08)

One-day general meeting and an IB meeting at every BGM

Meeting plan

Actions to invite new collaborators

Kick-offmeeting(July 08)

TIght Schedule for the Super KEKB Collaboration

(inc. PID shootout)

**

** Possible 6-month shift to the right

KEKB’s Track Record

PEP-IIfor BaBar

KEKBfor Belle

KEKB + PEP-II

~ 1.3 Billion BB pairs~768/fb (Feb 20)~768/fb (Feb 20)

~506/fb (Feb 20)~506/fb (Feb 20)

design lu

minosity

May be time to switch units to ab-1Lpeak (KEKB) = 1.7 x 1034/cm2/sec (design 1.0)

• Asymmetric energy Asymmetric energy eeee collider at E collider at ECMCM=m=m(((4S)) (4S)) to beto be realized by realized by upgrading the existing KEKB collider.upgrading the existing KEKB collider.

• Initial target: Initial target: 1010××higher luminosityhigher luminosity 2210103535/cm/cm22/sec/sec 221010 9 9 BBBB and and per yr. per yr. • Final goal: Final goal: LL=8=810103535/cm/cm22/sec/sec and and ∫∫L dt = L dt = 5050 abab-1-1

Crab cavityCrab cavity

3.5GeV e

8GeV e

New beam-pipeNew beam-pipewith ante-chamberwith ante-chamber

DampingDampingring for ering for e++

New IR with crabNew IR with crabcrossing and crossing and

smaller smaller yy**

More RF for higherMore RF for higherbeam currentbeam current

SR

beam

after 3 year shutdown

: A Super-B Factory at KEK

e+ source

Ares RF cavity

SCC RF(HER)

ARES

(LER)

3.5 GeV e+

8 GeV e-

Many Super B components are being tested now

1st layer

Beam Background (after 1st optimization)

Conservative, robust detector should be handle up to 20 times more background

Rad-Bhabha mask around QCS magnetIR chamber design

Results based on GEANT sims validated by Belle/KEKB experience.

Features of the Super KEKB detector

Issues:Higher background (x 20)

Higher event rate (x 50)

Radiation damage and occupancyFake hits and pile-up in EM cal

In contrast to LHCb, superb neutral detection capabilities.

Capable of observing rare “missing energy modes” such as BK bar with B tags. Hermiticity is critical.

e.g. BKS 0 γ can be used to detect right-handed currents

Super Belle: A detector for SuperKEKB

New dead time free pipelined readout and

high speed computing systems

Faster calorimeter with waveform sampling and pure CsI (endcap)

New particle identifier with precise Cherenkov device:

(i)TOP or fDIRC.

Si vertex detector withhigh background tolerance

((1)faster readout then (2)pixels)

Background tolerant super small celltracking detector

KL/ detectionwith scintillator

and next generationphoton sensors

Conventional solutions (DSSD Si strips) are on the edge

Stopgap alternatives include faster readout electronics (US proposes a pipelined VA chip)

~10% ~4%

~2% ~2%

Present: Belle SVD2

US contribution: Vertexing at KEK Super B

SuperKEKB luminosity: L~1.7 x 1034 → L~ 1036 cm-2.s-1

SVD occupancy

Present : layer 1 of SVD

~10% occupancy / 200 krad.yr-

1

ＫＥＫＢ　 Upgrade: Super-Belle

~ x 20 expected increase

A more robust long term solution: Super KEKB Pixel Detector

Marc Rosen

Significant R+D Issues

Can expect ~ 0.5% occupancy

Assume 22.5 μm pixels and 10 μsec integration time

PID at KEK Super B

Two new particle ID devices, both using Cherenkov light:

Barrel: Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) (baseline), iTOP, focusing DIRC (US contributions to readout electronics, optics)

Endcap: proximity focusing aerogel RICH (Slovenia, KEK)

Principle of a TOP counter

Linear array PMT (~5mm)Time resolution ~40ps

~2m

K

Simulation2GeV/c, =90 deg.

~200ps

Different propagation lengths propagation times

(Measure 1D position and time in a compact detector)

US groups: Can the performance be improved by imaging (i-TOP or f-DIRC) ?

Provides ~4σ /K separation at 3.5 GeV/c

US contribution: imaging TOP (iTOP)

Bars compatible (though thinner)with proposed TOP counter

Concept: Use best of both TOP (timing) and DIRC and fit in Belle PID envelope

• Use new, compact solid-state photon detectors, new high-density electronics• Use simultaneous T, c [measured-predicted] for maximum K/ separation• Keep pixel size comparable to DIRC

BaBar DIRC

Marc Rosen(UH)

Zoom in: US contribution (iTOP)

44 rows x 92 columns to planar array = 4048 channels2 ends x 16 bars = 129,536 readout channels

2.5mm x 5mm collectors 1.25mm x 2.5mm G-APD

i-TOP is better than TOP (MC in progress)

US Contribution: Focusing DIRC US Contribution: Focusing DIRC AlternativeAlternative

Cincinnati

Scintillator based KL/μ for KEK SuperB

• Two independent (x and y) layers in one superlayer made of orthogonal strips with WLS read out

• Photodetector = avalanche photodiode in Geiger mode (GAPD)• ~120 strips in one 90º sector (max L=280cm, w=25mm)• ~30000 readout channels• Geometrical acceptance > 99%

Strips: polystyrene with 1.5% PTP & 0.01% POPOPDiffusion reflector (TiO2)

WLS: Kurarai Y11 1.2 mm GAPD

Mirror 3M (above groove & at fiber end)

Iron plate

Aluminium frame

x-strip plane

y-strip plane

Optical glue increase the light yield ~ 1.2-1.4)

Possible US contribution to readout electronics

HIGG’s at Belle ??HIGG’s= High Impact Gaijin Groups

Will restrict comments here to US Groups: Cincinnati, Hawaii, Princeton, VPI, (Illinois/RIKEN)

Two foreign spokespersons

Construction and software of the KLM detector

Construction and software for the TOF

Two ICPV group leaders+many analyses

One analysis coordinator

Discoveries of new particles e.g. X(3872)

Measurement of /φ2

SVD readout, IR masking +design, Kalman filter

Dedicated run at the Upsilon(5S)

Two publication council (PC) members

(Azimuthal spin asymmetries)

Many, many analyses…..

(Track Record of Exceeding Expectations)

US Role in the past

US participation in Super KEKB: 3 funding scenarios.

7.4 x 106

4.0 x 106

2.1 x 106

No contribution to final production. No pixel upgrade

Assume startup in 2012, and US contributions to Si readout, pixel upgrade, PID device and muon system.

(Values assume 4 DOE groups as well as 33% contingency for hardware and a 5 year project)

hardware

hardware

hardware

Total: 15.8 x 106

Total: 12.4 x 106

Total: 10.5 x 106

0.00

0.50

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1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

Series1 2.27 2.86 3.93 4.99 1.68

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Super KEKB Funding Profile (US Groups)

Leadership Scenario

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0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

US Participation in Super KEKB (Fair Share Scenario)

Series1 2.37 3.06 2.76 2.47 1.68

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

US Participation in Super KEKB (Minor Share Scenario)

Series1 2.20 2.73 2.20 1.68 1.68

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

US Super KEKB Funding Profiles (Some possible scenarios)

Si Pixel Top Personnel2008 2.27 0.16 0.15 0.28 1.68

2009 2.86 0.32 0.30 0.57 1.68

2010 3.93 0.43 0.15 1.67 1.68

2011 4.99 0.55 0 2.77 1.68

2012 1.68 0 0 0 1.68

2008 2.37 0.16 0.08 0.45 1.68

2009 3.06 0.32 0.17 0.90 1.68

2010 2.76 0.16 0.08 0.84 1.68

2011 2.47 0 0 0.79 1.68

2012 1.68 0 0 0 1.68

Total SVD Pixel iTOP personnel

Leadership Scenario

Fair share scenario

2008 2.20 0.16 0.08 0.28 1.68

2009 2.73 0.32 0.17 0.57 1.68

2010 2.20 0.16 0.08 0.28 1.68

2011 1.68 0 0 0 1.68

2012 1.68 0 0 0 1.68

Minor share scenario

Conclusions on the US Role at Super KEKB

This is a special opportunity for high impact international collaboration.

KEK is moving ahead with a machine and detector designed to discover new FCNC and new sources of CPV

For the US groups, we propose participation in the silicon readout, pixel upgrade, optics and readout of the PID device, and the scintillator based muon upgrade.

The accelerator and detector have a track record of exceeding expectations.

Backup Slides

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Series1 2.27 2.86 3.93 4.99 1.68

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Super KEKB Funding Profile (US Groups)

Leadership Scenario

Silicon strip readout (pipelined VA1) (Hawaii)0.125 prototypes0.25 ASIC

0.625 hybrid production0.1 test infrastructure

1.1 total Si readout

Pixel Upgrade R&D (installation after t=0)0.1 small-scale prototype ASIC sensor

0.15 large-scale prototype ASIC sensor0.2 beampipe/ladder support/cooling

0.45 total pixel R+D

(i) TOP readout and optics (Cincinnati, Hawaii)0.3 imaging lens/mirror development0.4 prototype demonstration system

2.25 pixelated photosensors (1000 Burle MCP)0 Burle development included above

0.15 ASIC readout prototype (includes test system)0.9 production readout system (all electronics)

0.25 ASIC0.15 packaging/test0.2 planar assemblies0.2 fiber/COPPER system interface0.1 trigger infrastructure

4 total i(TOP) readout and optics

Scintillator based muon counters (Illinois, VPI)TBDTBD

5.55 Total US hardware

7.3815 Total US hardware+ 33% contingency

15.7815 Total US Hardware+4 DOE groups/5 years

Personnel (2 professors, 2 postdocs, 3 grad students) per group

0.361 (includes travel to Japan)0.42/group/year (includes overhead)x 4

1.68 total per year for 4 existing DOE groups8.4 x 5 years

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3.50

US Participation in Super KEKB (Fair Share Scenario)

Series1 2.37 3.06 2.76 2.47 1.68

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

US Participation in Super KEKB (Minor Share Scenario)

Series1 2.20 2.73 2.20 1.68 1.68

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

US contribution: imaging TOP (iTOP)

Instrument both ends & mean-time for triggering purposes

Needs T & ring reconstruction code

Readout Board

imaging TOP (iTOP)

Acceptance gap: 2.4%

10mm thick bars

Barrel PID (TOP)

• Quartz: 255cmL x 40cmW x 2cmT

– Focus mirror at 47.8deg. angle() y(); correct chromatic dispersion t()

• Multi-anode (GaAsP) MCP-PMT– Linear array (5mm pitch), Good time resolution (<40ps)

MCP-PMT

lifetime to be checked

re-polishing going on

Accelerator Luminosity is funding-limited

Assume a construction project starting in 2009 with luminosity in 2012 (i.e. a 3 year accelerator and detector construction shutdown.)

200 oku-yen (European/Japanese accounting) is the default blue level

Slide from Oide

Slide from Ohnishi

+ non-linear effects and machine errors

Projected luminosity (in a pessimistic funding-limited scenario)

Inte

grat

e lu

min

osit

y (a

b-1)

Pea

k lu

min

osit

y (

cm-2s-1

)

3 yearsshutdown

DampingRing

RF upgrade

KEKroadmap

operation time : 200 days/year

Target forroadmap

Target forroadmap

This story could change with more funding for RF and more collaborators

Slide from Ohnishi

Installed in the KEKB tunnel. Installed in the KEKB tunnel. (February 2007)(February 2007)

Installed in the KEKB tunnel. Installed in the KEKB tunnel. (February 2007)(February 2007)

Electron RingElectron Ring

Positron RingPositron Ring

22 mrad.22 mrad.crossingcrossing

crab crossingcrab crossing

Crab cavity commissioning

Super B Factory vs current sensitivities

From TEB et al., hep-ph/0710.3799 and RMP in preparation

Hard to condense all the NP observables into one sound bite……

(50-75 ab-1)

Focusing-DIRC Array Concept (Cincinnati)

Many k Photodetector

channels

SiPMs/APDs

ASIC

Carrier Socket Tiled Array Readout Board

Make full use of new pixelated photodetectors

(Sumiyoshi et al)

Readout Electronics using “Oscilloscope on a Chip” Must do high speed

waveform sampling on a large number of channels in an economical way. This will be applied to timing for high luminosity PID (i-TOP or f-DIRC)

Labrador chip developed by Varner et al at Hawaii

  LABRADOR CommercialSampling speed 1-3.7 GSa/s 2 GSa/s

Bits/ENOBs 12/9-10 8/7.4

Power/Chan. <= 0.05 W 5-10 W

Cost/Ch. $10 > 1k$

Endcap PID (Aerogel-RICH)

1.0451.050

1.0551.062

Npe = 9.1, (track) = 4.2 mrad achieved

~5.5separation for 4 GeV/c K/

“Focusing” Aerogel radiator

Photon Sensors– Sensitive to single photon

• High QE >~ 20 %• High gain

– Position detection accuracy: ~5x5 mm2

– Large effective area: >~ 70 %– Operational with 1.5 Tesla magnetic field

Hybrid (Avalanche) Photon DetectorMCP (Micro Channel Plate) PMTSi-PM/MPPC