US, British spies conduct surveillance operations on PC games

8/13/2019 US, British spies conduct surveillance operations on PC games

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]NP SFCZF]//CNHIO]//ZFA ]N VSL, LVS, CLO, KJZ, ORA//:03:0<04

Mfrivfm Grnh2 OSL/CSSH <-6:Mltfm2 :00;0<04

Mfcalssigy No2 :03:0<04]NP SFCZF]//CNHIO]//ZFA ]N VSL, LVS, CLO, KJZ, ORA//:03:0<04

(S//SI) ]npic2 Fxpanitiok ]frrnrist Vsf ng Klhfs & Wirtula Fovirnohfots

(]S//SI) Issuf2 [f eonw tdlt tfrrnrists usf hloy gflturf-ricd Iotfroft cnhhuoicltinos hfmilgnr npfrltinola purpnsfs sucd ls fhlia, WnIP, cdlt, prnxifs, lom wfj gnruhs lom it is dikdayaiefay tdfy wiaa jf hleiok wimf usf ng tdf hloy cnhhuoicltinos gflturfs nggfrfm jy Klhfs lomWirtula Fovirnohfots (KWF) jy :0<0. ]df SIKIO] Fotfrprisf offms tn jfkio tleiok lctino onwtn palo gnr cnaafctino, prncfssiok, prfsfotltino, lom lolaysis ng tdfsf cnhhuoicltinos. [itd l

gfw fxcfptinos, OSL clo’t fvfo rfcnkoizf tdf trlggic, lom tdfrfgnrf it is ihpnssijaf tn fvfo slywdlt pfrcfotlkf ng tdf fovirnohfot is KWF5 aft lanof mftfrhiof dnw tlrkfts lrf usiok tdfcnhhuoicltinos gflturfs ng KWFs. Dnwfvfr, KWFs nggfr l SIKIO]/DVHIO] nppnrtuoity splcflom hnrf rfsflrcd is offmfm tn gikurf nut fggfctivf fxpanitltino.

(S//SI) KWFs tnmly laanw iomivimulas tn kltdfr witd aief-hiomfm ntdfrs noaiof. Hloy KWFsnggfr cnhhuoicltinos sucd ls privltf cdlt (P:P), krnup cdlt, cdlt tn lo lails, lom jrnlmclst cdlt –jntd tfxt lom vnicf. Lasn hloy KWFs laanw cnovfrkfot tfcdonankifs tn iotfrhiokaf sucd lsTjnxAivf! wdicd clo jf ruo vil lo Tjnx370 klhiok cnosnaf lom/nr cnoofct vil l PC tn onrhlaHSO cdlt. Sfcnom Aigf nggfrs tdf ljiaity tn lonoyhnusay tfxt tn l KSH pdnof (SHS) lom snnotdfy wiaa nggfr lonoyhnus vnicf claas sn tdlt pdnof ouhjfrs mn ont dlvf tn jf eonwo jy fitdfr

plrty lom wno’t sdnw up io cnaafctino. Snhf KWFs laanw tdirm plrty iotfrglcfs wdicd laanwaihitfm guoctinolaity grnh l wfj jrnwsfr. ]dis nvfrcnhfs njstlcafs sucd ls l dikd-jlomwimtdrfquirfhfot lom nr ont jfiok laanwfm tn mnwoanlm sngtwlrf (tdioe Iotfroft clgé uslkf). Iolmmitino, hloy KWFs lrf ljaf tn jf usfm vil hnjiaf mfvicfs cnoofctfm wirfafssay (pdnofs,dlomdfams, alptnps). Cnoofctfm tn tdf KWFs, spfcilaizfm gnruhs lom ntdfr sncila oftwnreioksitfs dlvf spruok up tn prnvimf lo lmmitinola palcf tn iotfrlct, cnoofct, nr sdlrf. ]dfsf sitfs lomloy ntdfrs clo jf lmvfrtisfm io tdf KWFs, sn tdlt ig l tfrrnrist wfj gnruh dls tn hnvf ancltinos itclo jf gnuom jy its hfhjfrs lklio. Lrfls/krnups clo jf lccfss-rfstrictfm, hfhjfr-noay. ]dfylrf fssfotilaay privltf hfftiok palcfs, lom clo jf usfm gnr palooiok, cnhhs, lom trlioiok, ftc.KWFs lrf usfm gnr cnaaljnrltino5 Gnrtfrrl’s 3M wnram is cnhiok tn B[ICS tn mn tdis IC-wimf.

(V//GNVN) KWFs dlvf jffo hlmf tdlt rfiognrcf prfbumicfs lom cuaturla stfrfntypfs wdiafihplrtiok l tlrkftfm hfsslkf nr afssno jntd grnh tdf [fstfro pniot ng vifw lom io tdf HimmafFlst. Lhfricl’s Lrhy is l V.S. Lrhy prnmucfm klhf tdlt is grff mnwoanlm grnh its rfcruithfot plkf lom is lceonwafmkfm tn jf sn knnm lt tdis tdf lrhy on anokfr offms tn usf it gnrrfcruithfot, tdfy usf it gnr trlioiok. ]df Afjlofsf Dizjlaald dls tlefo tdis cnocfpt lom tdf slhf jlsic klhf mfsiko lom hlmf its nwo vfrsino ng tdf klhf claafm Spfcila Gnrcfs : (SG:), wdicd its prfss sfctino lceonwafmkfs is usfm gnr rfcruithfot lom trlioiok io nrmfr tn prfplrf tdfir ynutd tn‑gikdt tdf fofhy‘, l rlmiclaiziok hfmiuh5 tdf uatihltf knla is tn jfcnhf l suicimf hlrtyr. Nofcloont miscnuot tdf ‑guo glctnr‘ iovnavfm”it is ihpnrtlot tn dnam ynur tlrkft lumifocf’slttfotino-- lom hlefs iokfstiok tdf hfsslkf ont fvfo onticfljaf. SG: gflturfs huati-palyfr, no-aiof tfxt lom vnicf cdlt gnr up tn 70 palyfrs sihuatlofnusay, fggfctivfay lctiok aief l WPO nr

privltf cdlt gnruh. SG: is nggfrfm lt $<0 l cnpy lom sn lasn knfs tn guom tfrrnrist npfrltinos.

(S//SI) ]dfsf klhfs nggfr rflaistic wflpnos trlioiok (wdlt wflpno tn usf lkliost wdlt tlrkft,wdlt rlokfs clo jf lcdifvfm, fvfo lihiok lom giriok), hiaitlry npfrltinos lom tlctics, pdntnrflaistic alom olvikltino lom tfrrlio glhiailrizltino, lom aflmfrsdip seiaas. [diaf cnhpaftfhiaitlry trlioiok is jfst lcdifvfm io pfrsno, pfrgfctino is ont lawlys rfquirfm tn lccnhpaisd tdfhissino. Snhf ng tdf 9-<< piants dlm ofvfr ganwo l rfla palof, tdfy dlm noay trliofm usiok





Hicrnsngt’s Gaikdt Sihualtnr. [dfo tdf hissino is fxpfosivf, risey, nr mlokfrnus, it is ngtfo lwisfr imfl tn fxfrcisf virtulaay, rltdfr tdlo rflaay janw lo npfrltivf up lssfhjaiok l jnhj nrfxpnsiok l saffpfr lkfot tn alw fognrcfhfot scrutioy. Hiaitlrifs lrnuom tdf wnram usf virtulasihualtnrs witd krflt succfss lom tdf Dizjlaald dls fvfo dnnefm up l Palystltino cnotrnaafr tn lalptnp io nrmfr tn kuimf snhf ng its rfla hissiafs. Euhl [lrs is l V.S. nwofm cnhploy tdltnggfrs rflaistic jlttaf sihualtino ng rfla jlttafs io Irlq usulaay nof hnotd lgtfr tdfy lctulaaydlppfofm. ]df palyfr clo rf-mn hlofuvfrs io l afssnos aflrofm wly gnr trlioiok, nr ynu clo

switcd simfs lom sff dnw it wnres grnh tdf nppnsitf simf. It lasn prnvimfs rfla tfrrlio gflturfs,sucd ls rfla rnlm sikos grnh rfla rnlms io Irlq, lom l sihualtfm oikdt-visino knkkafsfovirnohfot.

(]S//SI) La \liml tfrrnrist tlrkft sfafctnrs lom KWF fxfcutljafs dlvf jffo gnuom lssnciltfmwitd TjnxAivf, Sfcnom Aigf, [nram ng [lrcrlgt, lom ntdfr KWFs io PIO[LAF oftwnre trlggic,]LN mltljlsfs, lom io gnrfosic mltl. Ntdfr tlrkfts iocaumf Cdiofsf dlcefrs, lo Irloilo oucaflrscifotist, Dizjlaald, lom Dlhls hfhjfrs. KCD\ dls l viknrnus fggnrt tn fxpanit KWFs lom dls prnmucfm fxpanitltino hnmuafs io TjnxAivf! lom [nram ng [lrcrlgt. Lgtfr jftl tfstiok, tdfyfxpfct rfpnrtiok tn jfkio io Lpria :004. ]df GJI, CIL lom tdf Mfgfosf Duhiot Sfrvicf laa dlvfDVHIO] npfrltinos io Sfcnom Aigf lom ntdfr KWFs lom lrf vfry iotfrfstfm io gnrhiok l

mfcnogaictino lom tippiok krnup tdlt wnuam jf ljaf tn cnaaljnrltf no npfrltinos.

(]S//SI) KWFs lrf lo nppnrtuoity! [f clo usf klhfs gnr2 COF fxpanits, sncila oftwnrelolaysis, DVHIO] tlrkftiok, IM trlceiok (pdntns, mnc IMs), sdlpiok lctivitifs, kfn-ancltino ngtlrkft, lom cnaafctino ng cnhhs. It dls jffo wfaa mncuhfotfm tdlt tfrrnrists lrf NPSFC lom tfcdsllvy lom lrf noay kfttiok hnrf sn nvfr tihf. ]dfsf lppaicltinos lom tdfir sfrvfrs dnwfvfr, lrftrustfm jy tdfir usfrs lom hlefs lo cnoofctino tn lontdfr cnhputfr no tdf Iotfroft, wdicd clotdfo jf fxpanitfm. ]drnukd tlrkft jummyaists lom iotfrlctino gnuom io tdf klhiok lom no klhiokwfj sitfs, sncila oftwnres clo jf milkrlhfm lom prfvinusay uoeonwo SIKIO] aflms lomcnoofctinos lom tfrrnrists cfaas miscnvfrfm. KWFs clo cnotlio no-aiof prfsfocf iomicltnrs,kfnancltino, lom IM trlceiok clo jf kaflofm lom usfm io lpprfdfosino npfrltinos.

(]S//SI) Zfcnhhfomltino2 ]df lhnuot ng KWFs io tdf wnram is krnwiok jut tdf spfcigic nofstdlt C] offms tn jf hftdnmiclaay miscnvfrfm lom vlaimltfm. Noay tdfo clo wf giom fvimfocf tdltKWFs lrf jfiok usfm gnr npfrltinola usfs. Prntncna Fxpanitltino, SGA, lom ]LN sdnuam jfkio prngiaiok tdfir mltljlsfs lom tdf KWFs gnr cnaafctino lom fxpanitltino pnssijiaitifs. Npfo snurcf(LPS]LZS) prnmucfm KWF aists lom sfafctnrs sdnuam jf usfm tn ruo lkliost V]] lom ntdfrmltljlsfs tn cdfce gnr crnss hltcdfs tn mfvfanp tlrkft sfafctnrs. C] SIKMFW lanok witd C]]NPIs wiaa stumy tdf cnaafctfm trlggic tn giom lom trlce tlrkfts ng iotfrfst. ]dfrf sdnuam jf lcnocfotrltfm fggnrt tn cnomuct rfsflrcd iotn tlrkft usf ng KWFs, lom sikolturfs gnr survfycnaafctino sdnuam jf mfvfanpfm. ]lrkfts lom spfcigic lpps sdnuam jf cdnsfo tn fxpanit tn fosurftdlt tfrrnrists’ KWF/sncila sitf uslkf is cnvfrfm jy SIKIO] lom tdf systfh is ont afgt jfdiom tdf

tihfs. Laa lvfoufs sdnuam jf tlefo tn mfvfanp PFS lom COF fxpanits ls KWFs lrf gnuom notlrkft cnhputfrs. [f offm tn mfvfanp l vifwfr/mj tdlt laanws aiokuist/lolaysts tnvifw/fxpfrifocf vnicf/tfxt/vimfn trlggic tnkftdfr lom lrcdivff tdf KWF mltl lssnciltfm witdrfpnrtiok. wdicd wiaa lasn jf fssfotila gnr Yldnn, Seypf, wfjclh, W]Cs lom Jinhftrics.

(S//SI) C] SIKMFW/SSK sdnuam fstljaisd l prncfss tn mfcnogaict IC-wimf nps io KWFs lom tnmfvfanp strltfky gnr cnaaljnrltino. Hfhjfrs grnh lt aflst CIL, GJI, MIL, OSL lom KCD\sdnuam plrticipltf tn hlef tdf cnnrmioltino sikoigiclot. Hfhjfrs sdnuam dlvf ljiaity tn cdfcetlseiok, trlggic, lom stltus ng currfot npfrltinos.



Klhfs2 L Anne lt Fhfrkiok ]rfoms, Vsfs, ]drflts lom Nppnrtuoitifs io Iogaufocf Lctivitifs

GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic Mistrijutino

Plkf :

]ljaf ng Cnotfots

GNZ[LZM .........................................................................................................................=

CDLP]FZ < - FTPANI]L]INO LOM GVOCI]NO NG KLHFS2 LO

IO]FZLC]IWF IOGAVFOCF HFMIVH........................................................6

Klhiok Hlrefts2 [dy [f Clrf ................................................................7 Mfhnkrlpdics...............................................................................................................................................7 Pnpualrity .....................................................................................................................................................7

Guoctinolaity ng Noaiof Klhfs ....................................................................4 Prnplkloml lom Iogaufocf ..........................................................................................................................4 Cnhhuoicltinos .........................................................................................................................................<0 Zfcruithfot .................................................................................................................................................<0 ]rlioiok lom Sihualtino............................................................................................................................<< Guomrlisiok ................................................................................................................................................<:

Flsf ng Prnmuctino ng Klhfs ..................................................................... <:

CDLP]FZ : – [DY KLHFS LZF LO FGGFC]IWF IOGAVFOCF PAL]GNZH ....<6

Cdlptfr Iotrnmuctino..................................................................................<7

Lctivf Aflroiok...........................................................................................<; Eonwafmkf lom Seiaas.................................................................................................................................<; Lppaifm ]flcdiok ]nna...............................................................................................................................:0

Plssivf Hfsslkiok lom Cnomitinoiok.........................................................:< Wlauf Systfhs .............................................................................................................................................:< Fhntinos .....................................................................................................................................................:<

]df ‑Zfturo gnr Hnrf‘ Glctnr .................................................................. :3 Foklkfhfot ................................................................................................................................................:3 Lmmictino .....................................................................................................................................................:=

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh ....................................................................................:=

CDLP]FZ 3 – PALVSIJAF SCFOLZINS GNZ ]DF VSF NG KLHFS IO

]FZZNZIS] LC]IWI]IFS ............................................................................:6

Cdlptfr Iotrnmuctino..................................................................................:7

Pnssijaf ]frrnrist Vsf ng Miggfrfot Klhf Kforfs..................................... :4 Girst-pfrsno Sdnntfr Klhfs......................................................................................................................:4 HHNZPKs lom Wirtula [nrams ................................................................................................................:9 Hixfm nr Latfroltf Zflaity Klhfs ............................................................................................................3: Sihualtino Klhfs ......................................................................................................................................37 Eonwafmkf-Jlsfm Klhfs ..........................................................................................................................34 Strltfky Klhfs...........................................................................................................................................=0

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh ....................................................................................=<





Plkf 3

CDLP]FZ = – FHFZKIOK ]ZFOMS OI ]DF KLHIOK SPLCF ..............................=:

Fhfrkiok ]rfoms ........................................................................................ =6 Jrnlmjlom Miggusino..................................................................................................................................=6 ]dirm Kfofrltino (3K) lom Jfynom ..........................................................................................................=; ]df Hlturltino ng tdf Hnjiaf Paltgnrh....................................................................................................=9 ]df Zisf ng Wirtula [nrams ........................................................................................................................6< ]df Fxpansino ng Vsfr Kfofrltfm Cnotfot ...............................................................................................6= Lmvlocfs io Mikitla Zfomfriok..................................................................................................................67 Lmvlocfs io tdf Scifocf ng Dlptics...........................................................................................................6;

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh ....................................................................................69

CDLP]FZ 6 – [IOOIOK DFLZ]S LOM HIOMS WIZ]VLAAY ..................................70

Gncus Lrfls ................................................................................................. 7< Cnuotfriok Io-Klhf Prnplkloml ............................................................................................................7: Cnhpftiok gnr Palyfrs witd Ofw Klhfs..................................................................................................73 Cnaafctiok Io-Klhf Iotfaaikfocf...............................................................................................................7=

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh ....................................................................................76

IOMFT ..........................................................................................................................7;

ZFGFZFOCFS..................................................................................................................;<





Plkf =

GNZ[LZM

Wimfn klhfs lrf l hfmil paltgnrh tdlt dls jfcnhf plrt ng mliay lctivity gnr hloy

lrnuom tdf wnram. [dftdfr it is clsula klhiok no l cfaa pdnof nr PC, nr l virtula wnramwdfrf iomivimulas lrf cnoofctfm vil tdf Iotfroft, iotfrlctino io lom lrnuom klhfs is

iocrflsiok. Klhfs fotfrtlio, focnurlkf iotfrlctino, foljaf giolocila klio, lom tflcdafssnos. [diaf hloy ng tdfsf lctivitifs lrf hflot tn jf dlrhafss, tdfy lasn dlvf tdf

pntfotila tn jf fxpanitfm gnr hlaicinus lctivitifs.

Nvfr tdf cnursf ng l yflr, fxtfosivf stumy wls mnof no tdf cnhhno usf ng klhfs lomtdfir lppaicljiaity tn tfrrnrist lctivitifs. Lclmfhic bnurolas lom plpfrs, ofwsplpfr lom

hlklziof lrticafs, tfxtjnnes, ono-gictino wnres, io-klhf fxpanrltino lom pfrsnolaiotfrvifws no klhfs, psycdnanky lom sncinanky, ls wfaa ls lttfomlocf lt sfhiolrs no

tdfsf issufs (gnr fxlhpaf tdf Sfrinus Klhfs cnogfrfocf nr SLIC’s Cyjfr-IogaufocfCnogfrfocf sfrifs) rfprfsfot tdf hlio snurcfs gnr tdis rfpnrt.

]df rfpnrt wls writtfo io givf stlom-lanof plpfrs tdlt lrf cnhpiafm dfrf ls lcnhprfdfosivf prihfr gnr tdf currfot lom pntfotila guturf ng klhf uslkf. L hlbnrity ngtdf iognrhltino cnotliofm io tdis rfpnrt imfotigifs glcts lom trfoms lom lppaifs tdfh tn tdf

rflah ng IC cnocfro (Cdlptfrs <, :, lom =). Io lmmitino, tdf plpfr cnotlios fxlhpafs nggictitinus scfolrins tdlt tfrrnrists nr fxtrfhists hikdt fhpany (Cdlptfr 3), tfcdonanky

lmvlocfhfots lom trfoms tdlt hikdt foljaf tdnsf scfolrins (Cdlptfr =), lom rfcnhhfomstfps tn fosurf tdlt tdnsf dypntdfsfs lrf ont rflaizfm (Cdlptfr 6).





Plkf 6

CDLP]FZ <




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf 7

Klhiok Hlrefts2 [dy [f Clrf

Mfhnkrlpdics

]df klhiok pnpualtino crnssfs lkf, kfomfr lom cuaturla jnuomlrifs, hleiok

iornlms iotn prfvinusay uotlppfm hlrefts lom prnvimiok tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos witd l

pnwfrgua paltgnrh tn rflcd cnrf tlrkft lumifocfs.

• ]df cnrf mfhnkrlpdic gnr klhiok is <4 – 36 yflr-nam hlafs. Dnwfvfr, tdflvfrlkf lkf ng tdf typicla ‑klhfr‘ iocrflsfs jy nof yflr flcd yflr lom wnhfoonw cnhprisf oflray nof-tdirm ng laa lmuat klhfrs.i

• ]df noaiof klhiok pnpualtino is fxpfctfm tn krnw rlpimay io tdf oflr tfrh,rfsuatiok io lo fstihltfm <0 hiaaino noaiof klhf palyfrs io tdf V.S. (i.f. tdffquivlafot ng tdf fotirf pnpualtino ng Ofw Ynre City) lom 30 hiaaino noaiof klhf palyfrs wnramwimf (i.f. tdf fquivlafot ng tdf fotirf pnpualtino ng Sdlokdli,Jnhjly lom Elrlcdi cnhjiofm).ii

• [diaf tdf hlbnrity ng noaiof klhfrs nrikioltf grnh V.S. lom Lsilo hlrefts, tdfrlpim fxplosino ng Iotfroft clgfs lom jrnlmjlom tfcdonankifs wiaa foljaf tdfkrnwtd ng noaiof klhiok pnpualtinos io ntdfr rfkinos. Gnr fxlhpaf, tdf glstfstkrnwiok klhiok hlrefts lrf nccurriok io Furnpf, tdf Himmaf Flst lom Lgricl.iii

• Klhiok slafs cnotiouf tn iocrflsf jy l cnhpnuom looula rltf ng <9.<%. Slafssurplssfm :3 jiaaino VSM io :003 lom lrf fstihltfm tn rflcd 67 jiaaino VSM jy:004. Io turo, rfvfoufs rflcdfm lpprnxihltfay $7 jiaaino io :00= lom lrf prnbfctfm tn rflcd $<=.3 jiaaino jy :009.iv

Pnpualrity

Klhiok dls fhfrkfm ls tdf prffhiofot gnrh ng fotfrtliohfot lhnok <4 – 36 yflr-

nam hlafs. Cnosfqufotay, tdf klhiok iomustry onw rivlas trlmitinola fotfrtliohfot

iomustrifs, iocaumiok tdf giah lom husic iomustrifs io tfrhs ng krnwtd, rfvfouf, lom

cnosuhptino.v

• Gnr fxlhpaf, tdf klhiok iomustry is krnwiok jy :0% cnhplrfm tn ;.6%, ;.<%lom :% krnwtd rltfs io tdf giah, tfafvisino, lom husic iomustrifs muriok tdf slhf pfrinm. Gurtdfrhnrf, LC Oifasno prfmicts tdlt witdio gnur yflrs, tdf giah iomustry

wiaa jf bust nof-tdirm tdf sizf ng tdf cnhputfr klhf hlreft.vi

• Klhf usfrs typiclaay spfom :0-30 dnurs pfr wffe no noaiof klhfs lom hnrf tdlo:0% ng noaiof klhfrs imfotigy tdfhsfavfs ls rfsimfots ng virtula wnrams.vii

• ]df stfrfntypf ng tdf anofay klhfr spfomiok anok dnurs io sncila isnaltino is onanokfr tfoljaf. [diaf snhf klhfs lrf palyfm jy siokualr nr l krnup ng isnaltfm palyfrs, cnhputfr klhiok onw is iocrflsiokay sncila witd tdf krnwtd ng Ancla





Plkf ;

Lrfl Oftwnre (ALO) klhfs palyfm io Iotfroft clgfs lom tdf fxplosino nghlssivfay noaiof huatipalyfr klhfs (HHNK). Vsfrs lrf onw iotfrlctiok witd

ntdfrs io tdf klhf (i.f. kuiams), noaiof io ntdfr cyjfr hfmil (i.f. wfj sitfs,hfsslkf jnlrms lom sncila oftwnreiok sitfs) lom io cyjfrclgés prnvimiok l gfrtiaf

krnuom gnr tfrrnrist lctivitifs.

• It is wimfay tdnukdt tdlt noaiof klhiok hly dlvf l sihialr cuaturla, pnaiticla, lom sncila

iogaufocf no tnmly’s klhfrs tdlt husic, rfaikino lom pnaitics dlm no flraifr kfofrltinos.viii

Kanjla Plttfros io Klhf Paly2 ]ihf Spfot, Sncila Iotfrlctino lom Zflcd

Klhfs cnosuhf l krflt mfla ng tihf lom fggnrt jy l sikoigiclot ouhjfr ng palyfrs lrnuom tdf wnram. Io l

stumy mnof jy Oice Yff lt Stlognrm Voivfrsity no Hlssivfay Huatipalyfr Noaiof Znaf Palyiok Klhfs

(HHNZPK) usfrs, 60% ng tdf 30,000 rfspnomfots wnrefm guaa tihf, witd noay ::% ls guaa-tihf stumfots.

]df lvfrlkf lkf ng tdf rfspnomfots wls :7.6, (wnhfo tfomfm tn jf namfr tdlo hf) lom no lvfrlkf tdf

rfspnomfots spfot ::.;< dnurs pfr wffe io tdfir cdnsfo HHNZPK, l tihf iovnavfhfot wdicd sukkfsts

tdlt tdfrf is l sujstlotila afvfa ng fhntinola iovfsthfot io tdf HHNZPK fovirnohfot.

Kanjla Hlreft Cnuotfr-Strief is cnosimfrfm tdf hnst pnpualr noaiof girst-pfrsno sdnntfr

(GPS) klhf io tdf wnram witd tdf hnrf tdlo :00,000 palyfrs palyiok

sihuatlofnusay lom cnotrijutiok hnrf tdlo 6.6 jiaaino hioutfs ng palyiok

tihf flcd hnotd no tdf nggicila oftwnre cnosistiok ng hnrf tdlo <00,000

sfrvfrs.* Cnuotfr-Strief is palyfm fxtfosivfay tdrnukdnut Cfotrla,

Snutdflst, lom Snutdwfst Lsil io lmmitino tn tdf cnrf V.S., Furnpflo lom

Lsilo hlrefts.*

Plafstioilo Zfpnrtfmay, hnrf tdlo :6% ng cdiamrfo jftwffo tdf lkfs ng 7 lom <; io tdf

Hlreft Plafstioilo tfrritnrifs lccfss tdf Iotfroft tdrnukd Iotfroft cfotfrs tdlt dlvf

fhfrkfm io rfgukff clhps, rurla viaalkfs, lom urjlo lrfls. Plafstioilo

Iotfroft cfotfr hlolkfrs lom cnhputfr alj nwofrs dlvf rfpnrtfm tdlt hnst

cdiamrfo spfom hnst ng tdfir tihf palyiok noaiof klhfs, iocaumiok ‑prn-

Lrlj‘ klhfs aief Spfcila Gnrcf lom Vomfr Sifkf.

Snutdwfst & Euhl Klhfs prnmucfs lom mistrijutfs fpisnmic klhfs mfpictiok rfla aigf

Snutdflst hiaitlry npfrltinos. ]dfsf klhfs lrf palyfm tdrnukdnut Snutdflst lom

Lsilo Hlrefts Snutdwfst Lsil. Muriok tdf dfikdt ng hfmil cnvfrlkf no Himmaf Flst

oftwnres aief La-Blzffrl, :0% ng Euhl’s tntla lumifocf nrikioltfm grnh

tdf Himmaf Flst rfkino witd sikoigiclot lhnuots ng klhf trlggic cnhiok

grnh Fkypt lom l ontljaf ouhjfr ng palyfrs nrikioltiok grnh Irlo lom Irlq.

USff2 Fom Ontf xxviiX





Plkf 4

Guoctinolaity ng Noaiof Klhfs

Klhfs lrf paltgnrhs no wdicd plrticiplots hly cnhhuoicltf, cnnrmioltf,

sncilaizf, trlio, aflro, sihualtf, fxpfrihfot, juiam, prnsfaytizf lom fvfo jlrtfr virtula

knnms. Sucd guoctinos iomicltf tdlt tdf aiof jftwffo tdf —virtula’ wnram lom tdf —rfla’

wnram is jaurriok, lom tn snhf usfrs hly jf ono-fxistfot.

• ]dlt virtula wnrams lrf jfcnhiok syonoyhnus witd tdf rfla wnram, prnvimfs lom

iotfrfstiok nppnrtuoity gnr tfrrnrists tn cnomuct l rlokf ng lctivitifs witdlonoyhity.

Ls virtula wnrams jfcnhf hnrf pnpualr, pfrvlsivf, lom snpdisticltfm, sn tnn wiaa

tfrrnrist nppnrtuoitifs tn fxpanit tdfh.

• Gnr fxlhpaf, ls klhiok jfcnhfs iocrflsiokay pnpualr lcrnss huatipafmfhnkrlpdics lom lccfss tn vlrinus klhiok paltgnrhs iocrflsfs (i.f. lccfss tn

pfrsnola cnhputfrs, Iotfroft clgfs, lom hnjiaf paltgnrhs), it wiaa jfcnhf flsifrgnr tfrrnrist krnups tn rflcd cnrf tlrkft lumifocfs. Gnr tdfsf rflsnos, hloy fxpfct

tdlt tfrrnrist krnups wiaa iocrflsiokay afvfrlkf noaiof lom cnhputfr jlsfm klhfstn suppnrt tdfir lctivitifs io tdf guturf.

Prnplkloml lom Iogaufocf

]frrnrist krnups lom syhpltdizfrs cnuam usf klhfs tn twist distnricla cnotfxt,

mfhnoizf fofhifs, misrupt tdf sncila hnrla cnhplss, lom mfsfositizf usfrs tn

vinafocf.ix

• Klhfs mfsikofm tn lppfla tn tfrrnrist syhpltdizfrs afvfrlkf slaifot pnaiticlatdfhfs lom typiclaay fxpanit ‑prn-Lrlj‘ lom ‑loti-Isrlfa‘ sfotihfot. Sucd klhfs

lttrlct palyfrs jfclusf tdfy prnvimf tdfh witd l cnosnolot hfsslkf lom lonppnrtuoity tn tlef plrt —virtulaay’ io ‑rfsistlocf hnvfhfots.‘

x

• Spfcila Gnrcf, mfvfanpfm jy Dfzjnaald , palys no tdf cnhhno tdfhfs ng ‑Isrlfai

nccupltino‘ lom ‑Plafstioilo victihizltino,‘ lom nggfrs palyfrs tdf nppnrtuoity tn—gikdt jlce’ jy —mikitlaay’ rffolctiok vlrinus fafhfots ng tdf Iotiglml. Gnr

iostlocf, tdf iotrnmuctnry afvfa ng Spfcila Gnrcf iovnavfs tlrkft prlcticf lomsdnntiok fxfrcisfs, usiok ihlkfs ng Isrlfai Kfofrlas ls tdf hlre. Altfr afvfas

iovnavf tdf —mikitla’ rffolcthfot ng jlttafs tdlt dlvf nccurrfm jftwffo tdf IMG

lom Plafstioilos muriok tdf Isrlfai nccupltino.xi

• Spfcila Gnrcf wls iotfotinolaay mfsikofm jy Dfzjnaald tn rfiognrcf lom

missfhioltf tdf krnup’s vlaufs, cnocfpts, lom imfls lhnok suppnrtfrs lomsyhpltdizfrs, wdiaf kiviok plssivf suppnrtfrs tdf nppnrtuoity tn fxpfrifocf tdf

viscfrl ng tdf grnot aiofs.xii

Spfcila Gnrcf is lvlialjaf io Lrljic, Grfocd, Fokaisd,lom Glrsi, lom tdus is wimfay lvlialjaf tn trlmitinola Dfzjnaald lumifocfs lom

ntdfrs.xiii





Plkf 9

• Vomfr Lsd lom its sfqufa Vomfr Sifkf wfrf pujaisdfm jy tdf Syrilo cnhploy Mlr

la-Gier. ]df palyfr tlefs tdf rnaf ng l Plafstioilo oltinola nppnsiok tdf nccupifrsgrnh Isrlfa. Vomfr Sifkf, io plrticualr, is jlsfm no lctula fvfots, jut is prfsfotfm

grnh tdf Syrilo pfrspfctivf. ]df klhf fhpanys viscfrla ihlkfry lom snuom,

iocaumiok scfofs ng Plafstioilo cdiamrfo jfiok hurmfrfm, suhhlry fxfcutinos jfiok dfam io pujaic strffts, dikd-spffm cdlsf scfofs lom snuoms ng kuogirf lomdflrt puhpiok husic. ]df scfofs tnn lrf mfsikofm tn fvnef nutrlkf lom tn paly

no cnhhno tdfhfs, iocaumiok ‑Isrlfai nccupltino,‘ ‑Iobusticf,‘ lom ‑Zfvfokf‘.

• ]df Irloilo Isalhic Stumfots Lssnciltino dls lasn mfvfanpfm lo noaiof klhf,Cnhhlomfr Jldhlo, io wdicd usfrs paly tdf rnaf ng l spfcila-gnrcfs uoit tlsefm

witd prntfctiok Irloilo oucaflr clpljiaitifs grnh Lhfriclo lkkrfssino. ]disklhf wls mfvfanpfm io mirfct rfspnosf tn l Euhl Zflaity Klhfs rfaflsf, Lssluat

no Irlo. Euhl dls sujsfqufotay mfvfanpfm lontdfr iostlaahfot, Lssluat no Irlo,

Pt.3, io tdf dnpfs tdlt tdis iotfroltinola milankuf, splrefm jy tdf mfpictino ng

kanjla lgglirs io tdf klhf splcf, wiaa cnotiouf. Lssluat no Irlo, Pt. 3 is paloofm jf rfaflsfm io Lrljic, Fokaisd, lom Glrsi.xiv

Wimfn klhfs hlef plrticualr lssuhptinos witdio tdfir fovirnohfot tdlt clo

trloscfom l spfcigic hfsslkf tn usfrs.

• Gnr fxlhpaf, tdf klhfs Vhhld Mfgfosf lom Vhhld Mfgfosf II (grff gnrmnwoanlm no tdf Iotfroft), lrf sft io tdf guturf, jlsfm no tdf prfhisf tdlt lt snhf

pniot io distnry Husaihs wiaa dlvf cnoqufrfm tdf wnram lom eiaafm nr cnovfrtfmlaa ono-Husaihs. Vsfrs lct ls l hfhjfr ng tdf Iotfrklalctic Husaih Cnuocia,

wnreiok tn prntfct Flrtd grnh tdf snaf misjfaifvfr lom io dis lrhy ng rnjnts sfottn mfstrny tdf Flrtd – it wls ofcfsslry tn cnostruct rnjnts ls laa ntdfr duhlos

jfaifvf io Isalh. ]df nvfrlrcdiok hfsslkf is tdlt fstljaisdhfot ng tdf claipdltfis pnssijaf.xv Palyiok klhfs witdio tdis cnotfxt laanws usfrs tn fxpfrifocf tdis

rflaity io l sfosnry wly tdlt hlefs tdf hfsslkf ‑rfla.‘

Wimfn klhfs lrf lo imfla iogaufocf paltgnrh jfclusf tdfy iocnrpnrltf ihlkfry,

olrrltivf, clhlrlmfrif, lom lctino.

• ]dis cnhjioltino wnres jfclusf lmvlocfm ihlkfry lom krlpdics clo jf usfm tn

foklkf tdf sfosfs, stnryaiofs clo jf usfm tn prnvimf l cnotfxt lom krnup knlas,clhlrlmfrif io tdf gnrh ng huatipaf palyfrs glciaitltfs dikdfr afvfas ng

foklkfhfot, lom lctino io tdf gnrh ng plrticipltino is rfquirfm.xvi

Zlmicla krnups lrf usiok klhiok paltgnrhs tn prnplkltf rfaikinus imfnanky. ]disclo tlef palcf io l ouhjfr ng miggfrfot wlys. Gnr fxlhpaf, l GPS klhf clo dfap

mfhnoizf l mfcalrfm fofhy, wdiaf fmucltinola klhfs clo nggfr hloipualtfm rfaikinusmnctriof ls scripturf.





Plkf <0

• Gnr fxlhpaf, Ioonvltivf Hioms, Ioc. dls mfvfanpfm l sfrifs ng six —huati-afvfa’mnwoanlmljaf klhfs, fotitafm ‑Isalhic Guo‘ wdicd lrf lihfm lt ‑tflcdiok

cdiamrfo jftwffo tdf lkfs ng 6 lom << yflrs ng lkf ljnut Isalh.‘ ‑Isalhic Guo‘ ishlreftfm ls l ‑glitd-jlsfm‘ latfroltivf tn ‑sfcualr‘ klhfs lom iocaumfs hloy lkf

lpprnpriltf klhf titafs, iocaumiok Gisdiok Jflr , ]rff Dnp, lom ]wn Juooy Zlcf.

Dnwfvfr, fhjfmmfm io tdis klhf plcelkf is lontdfr klhf, fotitafm ]df Zfsistlocf, io wdicd usfrs lssuhf tdf rnaf ng glrhfrs io Snutdfro Afjlono wdn bnio tdf Isalhic Zfsistlocf lkliost iovlmiok Isrlfais.

xvii Hloy jfaifvf tdlt tdfsf

typfs ng klhfs focnurlkf loti-Sfhitish lom prnhntf tfrrnrish.xviii

Cnhhuoicltinos

Klhfs prnvimf lttrlctivf cnhhuoicltinos cdloofas gnr tfrrnrist krnups lom syhpltdizfrs

jfclusf io-klhf cnovfrsltinos ngtfo lrf miggicuat nr ihpnssijaf tn hnoitnr.

• Hloy klhfs cnotlio clpljiaitifs aief WnIP, cdlt, lom giaf trlosgfrs tdlt laanw rfla-tihf

cnhhuoicltinos tn tlef palcf, lom gfw sitfs hnoitnr sucd trlggics nr effp ank giafs lswnuam trlmitinola Iotfroft sfrvicf prnvimfrs (ISPs).

• Hlssivfay Huatipalyfr Noaiof Klhfs (HHNK) lrf imfla ancltinos tn suppnrt sfcurf

tfrrnrist cnhhuoicltinos jfclusf ng tdf fonrhnus sclaf no wdicd tdfy lrf palyfm. Lt l

kivfo tihf tdnusloms ng sujscrijfrs clo jf cnoofctfm tn l virtula wnram no vlrinus klhf

sfrvfrs. Pntfotilaay cnhpaicltiok hlttfrs lrf tdlt snhf klhfs clo jf dnstfm jy klhfrs

no tdfir nwo mfmicltfm sfrvfr nr PC.

• Io-klhf cnhhuoicltino cdloofas wnuam jf miggicuat tn cnaafct jy currfot Iotfroftcnotrna hftdnms, jfclusf spffcd lom tfxt hiokafs witd mltl grnh tdf klhf. ]dis

iocrflsfs tdf cdlocfs tdlt lutdnritifs wiaa nvfranne cnhhuoicltinos tdfy wnuam

onrhlaay prndijit.

Zfcruithfot

Noaiof klhiok clo sfrvf ls l rfcruitiok tnna. ]dis dls larflmy prnvfo truf io tdfVS, ls tdf VS Lrhy gnuom tdlt :4% ng palyfrs ankkiok no tn paly its, ‑Lhfricl’s Lrhy‘

noaiof klhf lasn visitfm tdf cnrrfspnomiok rfcruithfot sitf.

• Hnoitnriok strltfky klhfs aief Cnuotfrstrief clo jf lo fggfctivf wly tn trlceiomivimula seiaa afvfas io girflrhs, tlcticla npfrltinos, krnup cndfsino, aflmfrsdip,

ftc. ]dis iognrhltino clo tdfo jf usfm jy iotfrfstfm plrtifs tn fvlaultfqulaigicltinos gnr hiaitlry nr iosurkfot rfcruithfot.

• Plrticipltino io virtula cnhhuoitifs clo glciaitltf ngg-aiof lctivity. Hfhjfrs ng

tfrrnrist krnups cnuam fotfr nr hnoitnr noaiof klhf fovirnohfots witd tdf iotfotng trlosaltiok —virtula’ seiaas lom lctinos iotn rfla wnram cnhhithfots lom

lctivitifs.




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf <<

]rlioiok lom Sihualtino

Klhfs clo suppafhfot gifam trlioiok jy glhiailriziok rfcruits witd tdf tlctics,

wflpnory, lom seiaas offmfm tn cnomuct npfrltinos. Hiaitlry typf klhfs clo jf usfm tndfap lcquirf seiaas io tflh wnre, cnhhuoicltinos, aflmfrsdip, lom npfrltinola tlctics.]dis trfom is aiefay tn hloigfst itsfag io tdf oflr guturf, ls klhfs lrf iocrflsiokayafvfrlkiok rfla tihf mltl grnh tdf jlttaf gifam.

• Cuaturlaay lccurltf klhfs clo dfap gnrfiko tfrrnrists lvnim prngiaf rlisiokhistlefs lom lssist io lssihialtino.

• Cnhjlt sihualtnrs, sucd ls tdnsf mfvfanpfm jy JJO ]fcdonankifs ls plrt ng tdfPfotlkno’s MLZ[LZS prnbfct, lrf usfm tn dfap snamifrs jnuom gnr Irlq prfplrfgnr cnhjlt. Lhnok tdf nggfrioks2 MLZ[LZS Lhjusd! l cnhjlt sihualtinoklhf mfsikofm tn trlio up tn := snamifrs lt l tihf io hiaitlry cnovny npfrltinos.xix

• Iocrflsiokay rflaistic virtula fovirnohfots gurtdfr jaur tdf aiofs jftwffo tdfvirtula lom rfla wnrams – tdfsf fovirnohfots crfltf ihhfrsivf fovirnohfots tdltmrlw usfrs iotn tdf klhf wnram. ]dis rfsuats io hnrf truf-tn-aigf trlioiok krnuoms,lom fodlocfs l klhf’s uomfrayiok hfsslkf ls tdf usfr fxpfrifocf jfcnhfs hnrfihhfrsivf.

• ]df VS hiaitlry is currfotay usiok klhfs ls l tnna tn fquip pfrsnoofa witdtrlioiok io ouhfrnus efy lrfls iocaumiok, tlcticla palooiok, hissino rfdflrsla,iocnrpnrltiok afssnos aflrofm, lom tlcticla alokulkf trlioiok. xx

• CN]S prnkrlhs usfm tn mfvfanp cnhjlt sihualtnrs lrf iofxpfosivf, wimfaylvlialjaf, lom cnuam nggfr tfrrnrist krnups tdf nppnrtuoity tn sihualtf lttlces prinr

tn tdfir fxfcutino. Sucd prnkrlhs cnuam foljaf gliray lccurltf mlhlkflssfsshfots lom prnvimf iosikdt iotn ofcfsslry cnursf cnrrfctino tn aihit rise lomuoiotfomfm cnosfqufocfs lssnciltfm witd l plrticualr lttlce. Gnr fxlhpaf, tdfHlyl Voaihitfm gauim sihualtino sngtwlrf, lvlialjaf gnr $<69, nggfrs usfrs tdfljiaity tn rf-crfltf tdf husdrnnh canum clusfm jy l oucaflr fxpansino. Vsfrs clocnotrna tdf iogaufocf ng gufa lom ntdfr lttrijutfs, lom lmm efy iokrfmifots sucd lstfhpfrlturf sclaf, junylocy, missipltino, turjuafocf, lom miggusino.

• Klhfs cnuam lasn jf usfm ls plrt ng tdf lttlce palo itsfag. [itd tdf risf ng hnjiafklhiok, tfrrnrist krnups clo usf tdf paltgnrh tn its lmvlotlkf5 iostflm ng palotiokl jnhj oflr l crnwm ng pfnpaf, gnr fxlhpaf, it clo palcf nof lt l rlomnh ancltino

lom aflm klhf palyfrs tn tdf jnhj.*

* ]dis is spfcualtivf jlsfm no galsd hnjs lom hnjiaf klhiok usf. Galsd hnjs lrf krnups ng pfnpaf tdlt

cnovfrkf io pujaic palcfs gnr jrifg pfrinms ng tihf lom missipltf quiceay tdfrf lgtfr. Galsd hnjs dlvfnccurrfm wnramwimf lom lrf grfqufotay nrkloizfm lrnuom pnaiticla prntfst fggnrts. ]df Grfocd rints ng :006

wfrf nrkloizfm alrkfay tdrnukd galsd hnj fggnrts. Plirfm witd hnjiaf sclvfokfr duotiok ancltino jlsfm nr

hixfm rflaity klhfs, galsd hnjs dlvf tdf pntfotila tn cnocfotrltf pfnpaf rlpimay lt tdf sitf ng tdf ‑wio.‘

Sff stnrifs no galsd hnjs2 dttp2//www.yoftofws.cnh/lrticafs/0,;3=0,A-3067;36,00.dtha5

dttp2//io.rfmigg.cnh/oftkuimf/:003/nct/06galsd.dth. Snhf fxlhpafs ng ancltino jlsfm klhfs iocaumf2




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf <:

Guomrlisiok

Ofwfr klhfs nggfr krfltfr nppnrtuoitifs gnr tfrrnr krnups tn rlisf lom mistrijutf

guoms. Guoms usfm io noaiof klhfs clo jf upanlmfm io nof ancltino lom mnwoanlmfm iolontdfr, wdicd is plrticualray flsy ig huatipaf usfrs clo lccfss l siokaf IM.

• ]df knnms, sfrvicfs, lom currfocifs ng virtula wnrams dlvf rfla-wnram ihplct. Io:006, F-jly cltfknry <76=, ‑Iotfroft Klhfs,‘ dlm $30 hiaaino mnaalrs io slafs iotdf Voitfm Stltfs. Sihialray io Lsil, rfla-clsd virtula itfh trlmf fxcffms $<00hiaaino looulaay.xxi Currfot fstihltfs iomicltf tdlt iotlokijaf knnms io mikitlawnrams lrf wnrtd $<-$: jiaaino.xxii

• Jfclusf usfrs lrf ljaf tn crfltf tdfir nwo cnotfot io klhfs, fotrfprfofurs prngitio rfla-wnram mnaalrs jy sfaaiok prngfssinola sfrvicfs nr knnms. Nof virtula rflafstltf hnkua io Sfcnom Aigf hlefs oflray $<60,000 pfr yflr io rfla-wnram mnaalrs.

• Guom rlisiok fggnrts lrf larflmy dlppfoiok io virtula wnrams. Io :007, LhfricloClocfr Sncifty (LCS) dfam its sfcnom virtula Zfaly gnr Aigf io Sfcnom Aigf. LCScnaafctfm nvfr $=0,000 lom lttrlctfm oflray <,000 plrticiplots.xxiii

• Iomivimulas nrkloizf tn rlisf guoms gnr cdlritljaf fggnrts. Lgtfr Durriclof Eltriol,snhf iomivimulas jlomfm tnkftdfr tn dnam aivf guomrlisiok fvfots io Sfcnom Aigf tndfap victihs.xxiv

• Nrkloizltinos cnuam usf virtula wnrams ls l vfdicaf gnr kfofrltiok iocnhf. [diaftdf hnofy rlisfm hikdt ont jf fonukd tn guom l sizljaf nrkloizltino, it cnuam jf lrfvfouf snurcf gnr shlaafr cfaas.

Flsf ng Prnmuctino ng Klhfs

]df krnwiok lvlialjiaity ng himmafwlrf nr hnms mrlsticlaay anwfrs tdf jlrrifrs ng

fotry gnr klhf mfvfanphfot, laanwiok lahnst loynof tn jfcnhf l klhf juiamfr.

Himmafwlrf prnmucts lrf lvlialjaf gnr l hlrkiola gff (usulaay tdf cnst ng l klhf) nr

clo jf mnwoanlmfm grff grnh tdf Iotfroft.

• Hnms lrf typiclaay usfm tn crfltf lmmitinola cnotfot tn klhfs (plrtilacnovfrsinos) nr ofw klhfs (tntla cnovfrsinos). Pnpualr himmafwlrf prnmuctsiocaumf 3M wnram juiamiok plcelkfs sucd ls Kfofsis 3M, \ulef, Vorfla, lomDlag-Aigf5 huatipalyfr lmvfoturf klhfs aief Lurnrl ]nnaeit5 lom systfhs gnrdlomaiok hlssivfay huatipalyfr klhfs aief Jik[nram, Juttfrgay.oft, lom]frlznol.

Jntgikdtfr sfrifs, Kuosaiokfr sfrifs, Hnki, VomfrCnvfr sfrifs, Swnrmgisd lom ]nrpfmn Jly, Cno\wfst,

]df Bnurofy II, lom ]rflsurf Duot. Sff l rfsflrcd plpfr ng hixfm rflaity hnjiaf klhiok2

dttp2//rfsflrcd.hicrnsngt.cnh/~sdldrlhi/plpfrs/tfcd0:.pmg#sflrcd8'hixfm%:0rflaity%:0klhiok.





Plkf <3

• Himmafwlrf prnmucts dlvf jffo usfm tn crfltf pnpualr cnhhfrcila klhfs sucd lsCnuotfrstrief (Dlag-Aigf) lom Lhfricl’s Lrhy (Vorfla)5 ls wfaa ls sfvfrla klhfs

ng l hnrf qufstinoljaf olturf, iocaumiok Ftdoic Caflosiok (Kfofsis 3M), Vomfr

Lsd (Kfofsis 3M) lom Spfcila Gnrcf (Kfofsis 3M).

Hnms ont noay prnvimf l mfvfanphfotla sdnrtcut, jut lasn foljaf klhf prnmucfrs tn‑ihprnvf‘ fxistiok klhfs, wdfrfjy iocrflsiok tdfir pnpualrity.

• Hnms clo jf usfm tn trlosgnrh fxistiok klhfs. Gnr fxlhpaf, uoimfotigifm klhfrshnmigifm tdf GPS klhf Jlttafgifam : foljaiok palyfrs tn tlef no tdf rnaf ng

fxtrfhists wdnsf dnhf viaalkf io Irlq suggfrfm cnaaltfrla mlhlkf muriok lgictinola VS npfrltino.

xxv

• Lontdfr prihf fxlhpaf ng tdf usf ng hnms is tdf CM-ZNH klhf Ftdoic

Caflosiok, prnmucfm jy Zfsistlocf Zfcnrms, tn prnhntf tdf wditf suprfhlcylkfoml. ]df klhf prnhntfs tdf eiaaiok ng ‑suj-duhlos‘ (ntdfr rlcfs lom Bfws)

io l sfttiok sihialr tn Ofw Ynre City. ]df klhf is plttfrofm lgtfr pnpualrhliostrflh vimfn klhfs \ulef lom Mnnh, turoiok rlcilaay hntivltfm vinafocf

iotn l gnrh ng ‑fotfrtliohfot.‘ Vsfrs lrf kivfo tdf nptino ng lssuhiok tdf rnaf ngl EEE Hfhjfr nr l Seiodflm.

• Euhl Klhfs mfvfanps grff, fpisnmic klhfs gnr tdfir usfrs jlsfm no rfcfot rfla

wnram fvfots. [itd tdf lssistlocf ng tdf Wlavf’s Snurcf klhf fokiof,xxvi hnmualrsngtwlrf tdlt prnvimfs fodlocfhfots io sfvfrla efy lrfls ng klhf prnmuctino,

iocaumiok cdlrlctfr loihltino, lmvlocfm LI lom rfla-wnram pdysics, Euhl isflsiay ljaf tn prnmucf ihhfrsivf, rflaistic klhfs io aittaf tihf. Lmmitinolaay, io

lo fggnrt tn hlef tdf klhfs hnrf flsiay mnwoanlmfm jy usfrs io tdf Himmaf Flst,Euhl dls mfvfanpfm l Pfrsil Mise tdlt clo flsiay jf cnpifm lom rfmistrijutfm.

Vsiok tdf mise, nocf tdf klhf mfsiko is anlmfm notn tdf usfr’s PC, on Iotfroftcnoofctino is rfquirfm tn paly, latdnukd l anw-jlom cnoofctino is lmfqultf tn

lttlio ofw fpisnmfs.xxvii

• ]frrnrist krnups aiefay cnuam rfmucf mfvfanphfot cnsts gurtdfr jy snaicitioksyhpltdizfrs witd tdf rfquirfm seiaa sfts tn wnre gnr grff nr rfmucf cnsts ls tdfir

cnotrijutino tn tdf Bidlm lolanknus tn dnw rfaikinus klhf mfvfanpfrs npfrltf tnrfmucf cnsts.

xxviii Cnaafkf stumfots prnvimf l palusijaf tlrkft gnr rfcruithfot.

Hlcdioihl is giah hleiok witdio tdf rfla-tihf 3M virtula fovirnohfot ng l vimfn

klhf. It’s tdf usf ng vimfn klhf krlpdics tfcdonanky tn crfltf loihltfm giahs.Hlcdioihl cnhjiofs lspfcts ng giah hleiok, loihltino lom klhf mfsiko tn trlosgnrh lo

iotfrlctivf hfmiuh, l vimfn klhf, iotn l prnmuctino stumin cnhpaftf witd sfts, prnps,spfcila fggfcts lom virtula lctnrs. Laa tdlt is rfquirfm is l klhf lom l mfsetnp cnhputfr.

†

Aief trlmitinola hnvifs, hlcdioihl laanws gnr cdlrlctfr mfvfanphfot lom tdf crfltino ng pant aiofs.

† Gnr l hlcdioihl fxlhpaf tdlt usfs hiaitlry cdlrlctfrs lom fxpalios hlcdioihl, sff

Hlcdioihl! [itd Nggicfr Mlo lt dttp2//www.hlcdioihl.cnh/giahs.pdp>im8=7;7





Plkf <=

• Sngtwlrf tn hlef hlcdioihl prnmuctinos cnsts aittaf nr ontdiok. [fjsitfs aief

www.grlps.cnh prnvimf trila vfrsinos ng hlcdioihl sngtwlrf, sucd ls tdf nofusfm tn prnmucf ‑Snoic Bidlm

xxix,‘ lom laanw usfrs tn crfltf qulaity hlcdioihl

prnmuctinos. Prnmuctinos, sucd ls ‑Snoic Bidlm,‘ wdicd lrf hlmf witd trila

vfrsinos ng hlcdioihl sngtwlrf grfqufotay palcf tdfir wfjsitfs mirfctay io tdfcfotfr ng tdf scrffo io nrmfr tn mrivf pfnpaf tn tdfir sitfs tn purcdlsf guaa vfrsinos.Prnmuctinos aief ‑Snoic Bidlm‘ ont noay clo prnhntf prnplkloml, jut mirfct

syhpltdizfrs wdn wisd tn crfltf sihialr prnmuctinos tn tdf sngtwlrf offmfm.

• Io :006, l hlcdioihl, ‑Grfocd Mfhncrlcy‘ mfpictfm tdf vifws ng tdf hionritifsmuriok tdf Grfocd rints. ]df wfaa-mfvfanpfm stnry clrrifs l pnaiticla hfsslkf

laanwiok nof tn syhpltdizf witd tdf hionrity pnsitino io tdf rints. ]dfhlcdioihl wls prnmucfm no Onvfhjfr ::, bust 6 mlys lgtfr tdf rints fomfm.

• Sihialr tn usiok hnms tn mfvfanp klhfs, rfla-tihf vimfn clpturf sngtwlrf, aief

Grlps, laanws usfrs tn rfcnrm vimfn ng tdf lctivity tleiok palcf no nof’s PC,muriok klhf paly, gnr fxlhpaf. Nocf mnwoanlmfm, tdis sngtwlrf ‑rfcnrms‘ tn

clpturf lumin lom vimfn jits up tn <<6:x47= lom <00 grlhfs pfr sfcnom.xxx

]dfusf ng sucd sngtwlrf io klhfs aief Euhl/[lrs wnuam laanw usfrs tn mfvfanp

hlcdioihl prnmuctinos ng rfcfot cnhjlt fvfots lmmiok tdfir nwo twist.

Gflturfs ng Grlps Zfla-tihf Wimfn Clpturf Sngtwlrf

Scrffo clpturiok – Mikitla ihlkfs tlefo jy tdf sngtwlrf rfcnrmiok tdf visijaf

itfhs no tdf hnoitnr ls l scrffosdnt io gnrhlts sucd ls JHP, POK lom BPK.

Zfla-tihf vimfn clpturiok – Mikitla ihlkfs tlefo jy tdf sngtwlrf rfcnrmiok tdfvisijaf itfhs no tdf hnoitnr (nr lontdfr visula nutput mfvicf) nvfr lo fxtfomfm

pfrinm ng tihf, ls tdf lctino is tleiok palcf, tn gnrh l vimfn giaf.

Scrffoclst/Scrffo Zfcnrmiok – Mikitla rfcnrmiok ng l cnhputfr scrffo nutput,

ngtfo cnotlioiok lumin olrrltino.





Plkf <6

CDLP]FZ :





Plkf <7

Cdlptfr Iotrnmuctino

Klhfs lrf lo fggfctivf iogaufocf paltgnrh jfclusf tdfy prnhntf jntd ‑lctivf‘ lom

‑plssivf‘ aflroiok, lom lrf dikday lttrlctivf pursuits gnr spfcigic tlrkft lumifocfs.

Klhfs, jy olturf, lrf aflroiok fxpfrifocfs. Palyiok l klhf iovnavfs juiamiok seiaasio nrmfr tn lmvlocf tn ofw afvfas io tdf klhf.

• ]rlmitinola tflcdiok lom cnomitinoiok hftdnms lrf usfm tn tflcd lom mfvfanp tdf

palyfr.

• Aflroiok is cfotrla tn l palyfr’s io-klhf succfss.xxxi

Aflroiok io klhfs clo jf trlosplrfot (f.k. dfapiok tn rfgiof l palyfr’s sdnntioktfcdoiquf) nr dimmfo (mfvfanpiok l prfmispnsitino io l palyfr tnwlrm l plrticualr clusf nr

hfsslkf).

• ]df alttfr ngtfo iovnavfs tdf prnhntino witdio tdf klhf ng l plrticualr sft ng

vlaufs nr imfnankifs vil tdf stnryaiof nr sfttiok, lom tdf usf ng fhntinola ‑tnnas‘tn faicit plrticualr rflctinos.

Giolaay, klhfs clo jf fggfctivf iogaufocf paltgnrhs jfclusf tdfy lrf pnpualr,

clptivltiok palyfrs lom focnurlkiok tdfh tn rfturo gnr hnrf.

Wimfn klhfs lrf ‑wflpnoizfm‘ tfxts, nr misruptfrs ng psycdic stljiaity…I hflo tn sly

tdlt klhfs pfrgnrh wdlt Pifrrf Jnurmifu claas ‑syhjnaic vinafocf‘”io ntdfr wnrms, tdlt

‑kfotaf, iovisijaf gnrh ng vinafocf, wdicd is ofvfr rfcnkoizfm ls sucd.‘… Aieffmucltinola iostitutinos, vimfn klhfs lrf iostlocfs ng syhjnaic vinafocf io tdf sfosf tdlttdfy iogaict tdfhsfavfs no palyfrs. ]df wnram ng tdf vimfn klhf is ontdiok hnrf tdlo tdf

no-scrffo rfomfriok ng prnkrlhhfm iostructinos lom mfcrffs. Palyfrs lrf ‑scdnnafm‘ jylo lkkrfssivf jnhjlrmhfot ng pixfaaltfm ihlkfs lom snuoms. Fvfry hnhfot is l mirfct

ihpfrltivf, lo lttlce tdlt mfhloms l rfspnosf.-- Hltt Klritf,

]df Imfnanky ng Iotfrlctivity (nr, Wimfn Klhfs lom tdf ]lyanrizltino ng Afisurf) xxxii





Plkf <;

Lctivf Aflroiok

Klhfs clo sfrvf ls l palcf tn aflro, ihplrtiok eonwafmkf lom tflcdiok seiaas. ]df

structurf ng klhfs prnhntfs aflroiok tdrnukd l rfwlrms systfh.

• Ngtfo, klhfs rfquirf lctino witdnut fxpfrtisf, gnrciok palyfrs tn fxpfrihfot lomaflro.

• Klhfs lasn clo rfiognrcf prfvinus aflroiok fxpfrifocfs jy laanwiok palyfrs tniotfrlct witd issufs, imfnankifs, prnmucts lom fvfots io lctivf lom plssivf wlys.

Eonwafmkf lom Seiaas

Klhfs clo sfrvf ls l palcf tn aflro, ihplrtiok eonwafmkf lom tflcdiok seiaas.

• Muriok prfdistnric tihfs, duotiok klhfs wfrf usfm tn tflcd ynuok pfnpaf dnw tn

dlomaf mlokfrnus situltinos io tdf wiam.

• ]nmly, klhfs lrf ngtfo hnrf cnhpafx, iovnaviok myolhic paltgnrhs,snpdisticltfm stnryaiofs, lom mivfrsf knlas.

• Iomivimulas prnkrfss tdrnukd lo fotirf aflroiok cycaf wdfo palyiok l klhf,

jfkiooiok witd npfoofss tn ofw situltinos lom ruafs, tdfo tleiok cfrtlio lctinoslom rfgafctiok no tdfh, lom giolaay ‑aflroiok‘ dnw tn npfrltf succfssguaay io tdf

klhf (sff Gikurf <).

• Ngtfo tdf aflroiok prncfss cnotioufs nutsimf tdf klhf io sucd wlys ls

cnovfrsltinos witd grifoms, plrticipltino no glo wfjsitfs, rflmiok ljnut tdf

klhfs, lom palyfr hfft-ups noaiof.xxxiii





Plkf <4

Fxdiji t :-<2 ]df Aflroiok Grlhfwnre xxxiv

Lppaicltino ng tdf Aflroiok Grlhfwnre tn Klhfs

<. Npfoofss2 [dfo lo iomivimula palys l klhf, df is npfo tn its structurfs, ruafs lomhfsslkfs.

:. Lctino2 Jy olturf, klhfs prfsfot l prnjafh tdlt l palyfr hust lmmrfss lom lct no io

nrmfr tn lmvlocf io tdf klhf. Lctinos hust tlef palcf witdio tdf ruafs lom vlaufsystfhs ng tdf klhf (io tdis milkrlh, tdf klhf is rfprfsfotfm jy tdf jnx

‑Fovirnohfot‘) io nrmfr gnr tdf palyfr tn plrticipltf lom hnvf gnrwlrm io tdf klhf.

l. Hloigfstltino2 ]df palyfr’s mfsirfm nutcnhf io tdf klhf is tn succffm lomhitikltf anssfs.

j. Iogaufociok tdf fxtfrola fovirnohfot2 ]df palyfr tlefs lctino tn try tniogaufocf tdf cnursf ng tdf klhf.

c. Cnlcdiok2 ]df ruafs ng tdf klhf prnvimf kuimfaiofs no dnw tn tlef lctino lomwdlt is pfrhissijaf lom lccfptljaf.

m. Iostioctivf aflroiok2 [dfo quice lctino is rfquirfm, iostiocts wiaa paly l rnaf iodnw paly is pfrgnrhfm. ]dis ngtfo iocaumfs l hix ng2 afssnos aflrofm grnh plst

fxpfrifocfs, l palyfr’s pfrsnola vlaufs systfh, lom pdysicla lom fhntinolarflctinos. ]dis plrt ng aflroiok is kfofrlaay sujcnoscinus.

f. Ourturiok tdf iomivimula2 Lssfsshfots ljnut dnw wfaa tdf palyfr is palyioktdf klhf lrf hlmf grfqufotay tdrnukdnut tdf klhf.





Plkf <9

]df structurf ng klhfs prnhntfs aflroiok tdrnukd l rfwlrms systfh.

• Wimfn lom ntdfr klhfs tflcd l ‑cnrrfct‘ cnursf ng lctino jy prnvimiok ihhfmiltfgffmjlce no l palyfr’s ioitila lctino. Ls miscussfm witd rfklrm tn tdf aflroiok

cycaf, palyfrs tdfo rfgafct no tdfir ioitila lctino io lo fggnrt tn lcdifvf l jfttfrnutcnhf tdf ofxt tihf tdfy lrf glcfm witd l sihialr situltino io tdf klhf.

Aflroiok 8 Lctino + Gffmjlce + Zfgafctinoxxxv

• Palyfrs lmvlocf tn dikdfr afvfas io klhfs jy aflroiok lpprnpriltf rfspnosfsmuriok flraifr stlkfs ng tdf klhf. Klhfs dlvf rfiognrcfhfot lom puoisdhfot

hfcdloishs sucd ls klioiok nr ansiok pniots gnr mfsirfm rfspnosfs (i.f. npfrlotcnomitinoiok).

xxxvi

• ]df cdlioslw hnmfa ng vimfn klhfs visulaay rfprfsfots tdf lccuhualtino ngeonwafmkf lom/nr seiaas tdlt aflms tn lmvlocfhfot tn l dikdfr afvfa io l klhf.

Palyfrs hnvf tdrnukd l sfrifs ng hicrn-cdlaafokfs tdlt, wdfo cnhjiofm, aflm tnlmvlocfhfot.

Fxdijit :-:2 ]df Cdlioslw Hnmfa ng Wimfn Klhf Stnry Structurfxxxvii

g. Cnomitinoiok2 ]df palyfr’s lctinos rfsuat io lo nutcnhf, wdicd clo jf tdfmfsirfm nutcnhf, l miggfrfot yft pnsitivf nutcnhf, nr l ofkltivf nutcnhf.

3. Zfgafctino2 Io tdf wlef ng tdf nutcnhf, l palyfr cnoscinusay nr sujcnoscinusay

hlefs lo lssfsshfot ljnut wdlt wnrefm, wdlt mimo’t wnre, wdlt cnuam jfihprnvfm, lom dnw tn tlef lctino miggfrfotay io tdf guturf.

=. Voaflroiok tn Npfoofss2 Zfgafctino foljafs tdf ‑uoaflroiok‘ ng mfcisinos lom

lctinos tlefo io tdf prfvinus klhf lom crfltfs npfoofss tn tryiok lklio tnsuccffm. ]dis cnhpaftfs nof aflroiok cycaf lom stlrts lontdfr.





Plkf :0

Klhfs ngtfo rfquirf lctino witdnut fxpfrtisf, gnrciok palyfrs tn fxpfrihfot lom

aflro.xxxviii

Sucd aflroiok fxpfrifocfs ngtfo iovnavf rnaf fxpanrltino, prnbfct fxfcutino,

lom npfrltiok witdio l klhf prnmucfr’s vfrsino ng glcts lom distnry.

• Znaf fxpanrltino – nr cdnnsiok l virtula pfrsnol lom lctiok nut tdis rnaf io tdf

klhf – tflcdfs palyfrs tdf cdlaafokfs lom aihits ng tdlt rnaf.

xxxix

• Huati-palyfr klhfs wdicd rfquirf ouhfrnus iomivimulas tn clrry nut l hissino

tflcd palyfrs dnw tn jfcnhf aflmfrs lom fxfcutf l cnaaljnrltivf prnbfct io itsfotirfty.

‡xa

• Ihhfrsino io l klhf prnmucfr’s vfrsino ng glcts nr distnry tflcdfs palyfrs dnw tn

npfrltf io tdf mfgiofm sncin-pnaiticla fovirnohfot. ]dis clo rfsuat io palyfrfhpltdy tnwlrm l plrticualr clusf.

xai

Lppaifm ]flcdiok ]nna

Klhfs clo rfiognrcf prfvinus aflroiok fxpfrifocfs jy laanwiok palyfrs tn iotfrlctwitd issufs, imfnankifs, prnmucts lom fvfots io lctivf lom plssivf wlys.

• Stumifs dlvf sdnwo tdlt palyfrs wdn iotfrlct witd hfsslkfs, prnmucts lom tdf aiefdlvf dikdfr rfcnaafctino afvfas ng tdnsf hfsslkfs.

• Lctivf plrticipltino faicits fhntinola rfspnosfs, dfapiok tdf hfsslkf tn rfsnoltf

hnrf strnokay witd tdf palyfr.

• Ngtfo usfm gnaanwiok ntdfr typfs ng aflroiok ljnut l spfcigic fovirnohfot,sihualtinos tflcd usfrs dnw tn npfrltf io fovirnohfots vil virtula plrticipltino io

tdfh. Fggfctivf sihualtino fxpfrifocfs rfsuat io plrticualr rfspnosfs wdfo palyfrs lrf glcfm witd sihialr situltinos io tdf pdysicla wnram.

Scdnnas, privltf jusiofssfs lom knvfrohfots lrf iovfstiok io sihualtinos,

lmvfrklhfs lom io-klhf prnhntinos tn rflcd lom tflcd tdfir rfspfctivf tlrkft

lumifocfs.xaii

• Scdnnas lrf iocrflsiokay usiok klhfs io tdfir curricual. Stumfots rfpnrt gffaiok

aief aflroiok is ont ‑wnre‘ witd klhfs, lom spfom hnrf tihf witd tdf sujbfcthlttfr tdlo ig tdfy wfrf rflmiok l jnne ljnut tdf tnpic. Snhf stumifs iomicltf

tdlt stumfots rftlio iognrhltino grnh klhfs hnrf fggfctivfay tdlo grnh jnnes

jfclusf ng tdf ‑ihhfrsino‘ glctnr ng klhfs.

• Hloy cnhploifs jfaifvf lmvfrklhiok is lo fggfctivf wly tn hlreft lom ‑jrlom‘

tdfir prnmuct. Lmvfrklhfs tlrkft ynuokfr, tfcd-slvvy cnosuhfrs.xaiii Yloeff

‡ Gnr fxlhpaf, io [nram ng [lrcrlgt palyfrs aflro dnw tn palo lom fxfcutf hissinos. Palyfrs hfft prinr tn

l hissino tn mfvfanp l strltfky, mftfrhiof wdlt rnafs tdfy wiaa paly lom dnw tdfy wiaa fxfcutf tdfh. Ngtfo

aflmfrs effp stltistics no tdfir palyfrs. Gnaanwiok tdf hissino, iomivimulas wiaa rfvifw tdf hissino’s

succfss lom palyfr pfrgnrhlocf.




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf :<

Krnup fstihltfs tdf io-klhf lmvfrtisiok hlreft wiaa rflcd $;3: hiaaino looulaay jy :0<0.xaiv Larflmy, tdf olhfs nr prnmucts ng huatioltinola cnhploifs sucd lsCncl-Cnal, Pfpsi, Plolsnoic, Wifwsnoic, Hntnrnal, Clstrna, Oneil, HcMnolams,Spritf, AK lom DP dlvf lppflrfm io iotfroltinola klhf titafs io lo fggnrt tn prnhntf tdfir jrloms lom prnmucts.xav

• Knvfrohfots lrf usiok klhfs gnr hiaitlry trlioiok. Klhfs sucd ls Mfatl Gnrcf

:, Stffa Jflsts lom Glacno =.0 dlvf jffo lmlptfm jy vlrinus lrhfm gnrcfs tnfodlocf tdfir rfafvlocf tn hiaitlry trlioiok. Sioklpnrf Lrhfm Gnrcfs’ MfgfosfScifocf lom ]fcdonanky Lkfocy dls jffo lmlptiok tdf klhfs Cdlio ng Cnhhlom lom Npfrltino Galsdpniot tn suit its offms. ]df Sioklpnrf Scdnna ng CnhjltFokioffrs lom Scdnna ng Lrhnr dlvf hnmigifm Npfrltino Galsdpniot tn tdfirspfcigic hissinos, iocaumiok tdf usf ng jnnjy trlps, wirf lom hiofs.xavi

Plssivf Hfsslkiok lom Cnomitinoiok

]df structurf ng klhfs prnhntfs wiooiok tdrnukd l sft vlaufs systfh. ]df strnok

fhntinos tdlt klhfs clo faicit mffpfo tdfsf aflroiok fxpfrifocfs.

• Klhfs tdlt faicit strnok fhntinos clo prfmispnsf l palyfr tnwlrm l plrticualrvifwpniot nr clusf, nr prnvnef spfcigic rflctinos no tdf plrt ng tdf palyfr.

Wlauf Systfhs

]df structurf ng klhfs prnhntfs wiooiok tdrnukd l sft vlaufs systfh.

• Palyfrs ngtfo hust lmnpt l spfcigic sft ng vlaufs io nrmfr tn lcdifvf l ‑wio‘ nr pnsitivf nutcnhf io tdf klhf. Snhftihfs, tdfsf vlaufs gnrh tdf cnotfxt ng tdfklhf.

• Ftdoic Caflosiok, wdicd wls rfaflsfm io :00: jy Zfsistlocf Zfcnrms, is lofxlhpaf ng l klhf io wdicd l plrticualr sft ng ‑vlaufs‘ gnrh tdf cnotfxt ng tdfklhf lom palyfrs lrf rfwlrmfm gnr lmdfriok tn tdis vlauf systfh. Palyfrs cdnnsftdf rnaf ng l Seiodflm nr EEE hfhjfr, lom ‑tlef nut‘ ls hloy jalce, Altion lomBfwisd lvltlrs ls pnssijaf. Zlcila saurs lrf hlmf tdrnukdnut tdf klhf, wdicdlasn pnrtrlys ofkltivf stfrfntypfs.xavii

• ]flhs nr ‑calos‘ io hlssivf huatipalyfr noaiof rnaf-palyiok klhfs (HHNZPKs)wdicd lrf gnrhfm lt lmvlocfm afvfas ng klhfs tn laanw palyfrs tn lcdifvf krfltfrstltus, rloeiok lom lmvlocfhfot , lmnpt tdfir nwo vlauf systfhs, ruafs lomcuaturfs.

xaviii Lt tdis afvfa, palyfrs clo noay jf succfssgua jy lmnptiok tdf calo’s

hnmus npfrlomi.

Fhntinos

]df strnok fhntinos tdlt klhfs clo faicit mffpfo aflroiok fxpfrifocfs. xaix





Plkf ::

• Wimfn klhf paly is ricd io sfosnry fxpfrifocfs, foklkiok hntnr seiaas lom

prnhntiok visula fxpfrifocfs aief lrtistic cdlrlctfrs lom l cnhpfaaiokfovirnohfot lom lumitnry fxpfrifocfs aief husic.

• Lmvlocfhfots io krlpdics dlvf hlmf cdlrlctfrs lom sfttioks anne hnrf ‑rfla‘,strfoktdfoiok tdf fhntinos tdfy iomucf.

• ]df rfwlrms systfh ng klhfs tdlt uatihltfay rfsuats io l rfwlrm nr puoisdhfot gnrtdf palyfr, lasn clo faicit gnrhimljaf fhntinos. Zfwlrms lom puoisdhfots lrf

cfotrla tn ‑stihuaus-rfiognrcfhfot‘ aflroiok lom ‑stihuaus-rfspnosf‘ aflroiok.a

Klhfs tdlt faicit strnok fhntinos clo prfmispnsf l palyfr tnwlrm l plrticualr

vifwpniot nr clusf, nr prnvnef spfcigic rflctinos no tdf plrt ng tdf palyfr.

• Gnr fxlhpaf, tdf klhf, Mlgur Is Myiok, fvnefs syhpltdy gnr tdf pfnpaf ng

Mlrgur. Palyfrs lssuhf tdf rnaf ng l rfgukff grnh Mlgur glciok nvfrwdfahiokcdlaafokfs lom mlokfrs. Ig tdf palyfr is clpturfm io tdf klhf jy hiaitilhfo, lclptino no tdf scrffo rflms2 ‑Ynu wiaa aiefay jfcnhf nof ng tdf duomrfms ng

tdnusloms ng pfnpaf larflmy anst tn tdis duhloitlrilo crisis,‘ lom iocaumfs lwlroiok ljnut tdf pnssijiaity ng rlpf.

ai

• ]df wditf suprfhlcy prnplkloml klhf Ftdoic Caflosiok hfotinofm ljnvf

iocaumfs jalriok rlcist dltf husic tn dfap tdf klhf’s hfsslkf rfsnoltf no lofhntinola afvfa witd palyfrs.

aii

• Gnrfiko Krnuom , l girst-pfrsno trlioiok klhf, dls jffo mfvfanpfm gnr tdf

Swfmisd hiaitlry tn sihualtf pflcfeffpiok npfrltinos. Krlpdic ihlkfs ng anclacnomitinos prnvnef lo fhntinola rfspnosf lom mfvfanp pflcfeffpfrs’ sfosf ng

muty (sff Gikurf 3).Fxdijit :-32 Scfofs grnh Gnrfiko Krnuom

aiii





Plkf :3

]df ‑Zfturo gnr Hnrf‘ Glctnr

Klhfs lrf fggfctivf iogaufocf paltgnrhs jfclusf tdfy clo clptivltf lom foklkf

tlrkft lumifocfs, lom focnurlkf ‑rfturo‘ aflroiok lom cnomitinoiok.

• Klhfs clo prnvimf sikoigiclot sncila iotfrlctino, ls wfaa ls tdf nppnrtuoity tn aivflatfroltivf virtula aivfs.

• Klhfs clo jf lmmitivf lom aflm tn mfpfomfocifs jy palyfrs.

Foklkfhfot

Klhfs clo foklkf lom clptivltf palyfrs jy prnvimiok tdf nppnrtuoity tn aivf latfroltivf virtula aivfs.

• Palyfrs clo aivf l virtula fxistfocf ls snhfnof ng l miggfrfot rlcf, rfaikino, sfx nr

sncin-fcnonhic stltus.

• ]df aihitltinos lom cdlaafokfs io palyfrs’ rfla aivfs clo jf frlsfm.

• Stumifs sdnw tdlt :0 pfrcfot ng virtula klhf palyfrs gffa aief tdfy aivf io virtulawnrams.

aiv

Klhfs prnvimf sikoigiclot sncila iotfrlctino flsiay lom fobnyljay.

• Hloy ng tnmly’s fotfrtliohfot klhfs laanw palyfrs tn kn jfynom sdnntiok lom

‑anof snamifriok‘ tn mfvfanpiok rfaltinosdips witd ntdfr palyfrs.

• Io glct, klhfs ourturf sncila oftwnres sihialr tn tdnsf io tdf pdysicla wnram.

• Klhfs lasn guagiaa l offm gnr ‑tdirm palcfs‘ – l palcf tdlt is ofitdfr dnhf onrwnre

av ” tn hfft lom iotfrlct witd ntdfrs.

• Klhfs clo jf hnrf fggfctivf sncila cnoofctnrs tdlo ntdfr hfmil jfclusf tdfy

prnvimf sikoigiclot jrfltd lom mfptd ng fxpfrifocf, cnhjioiok tdf viscfrla lom tdfsncila wdiaf focnurlkiok fxpanrltino lom miscnvfry.

avi

• Klhfs clo rfsuat io sncila oftwnreiok nutsimf ng klhfs2 sfrinus klhf palyfrs

ngtfo lrf plrt ng l klhf ‑glo cauj‘ nr trlmf tips witd ntdfr palyfrs no wfjsitfs nrio pfrsno.





Plkf :=

Lmmictino

Klhfs clo jf lmmitivf lom ourturf mfpfomfocifs lhnok palyfrs.

• Fhntinola, sncila lom tfcdoicla rfwlrms grnh paly snhftihfs rfsuat io lo

lmmictino tn l plrticualr klhf.

• Hloy HHNZPK palyfrs spfom nvfr :0 dnurs pfr wffe io-klhf. Gnr snhf palyfrs, plrticipltino io HHNZPKs jfcnhfs lo njaikltino, witd HHNZPKsrfprfsfotiok l ‑sncifty‘ witd l uoiquf cuaturf lom ruafs. Iotfrlctinos lom

njaikltinos noaiof ngtfo hirrnr tdnsf io rfla aigf, jaurriok tdf aiof jftwffo tdfvirtula lom rfla wnram.avii

• Lmmictino rfcnvfry prnkrlhs dlvf jffo fstljaisdfm tn dfap wflo pfnpaf ngg ng

vimfn klhf mfpfomfocifs.aviii

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh

Ls l rfsuat ng tdf rfsflrcd hltfrila lcquirfm lom rfvifwfm gnr tdis rfpnrt, SLIC is

wfaa-pnsitinofm tn lssist tdf caifot pnpualtf its klhfs mltljlsf witd lrticafs lom ntdfraitfrlturf no2

- wdy klhfs rfprfsfot knnm iogaufocf paltgnrhs, iocaumiok sncinanky lom

psycdnanky aitfrlturf- fxistiok lom snno-tn-jf-rfaflsfm klhfs no tdf hlreft iotfroltinolaay lom

gnr spfcigic tlrkft lumifocfs





Plkf :6

CDLP]FZ 3





Plkf :7


Klhfs clo sfrvf snpdisticltfm purpnsfs jfynom fotfrtliohfot, prnvimiok tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos witd l pnwfrgua hfmiuh lolanknus tn tdf iotfroft tn suppnrt its

npfrltinola njbfctivfs. Klhfs dlvf larflmy jffo fxpanitfm jy tfrrnrist fxtrfhists lom

syhpltdizfrs. Fhfrkiok trfoms witdio tdf klhf splcf sukkfst krfltfr nppnrtuoitifs wiaafxist gnr guturf fxpanitltino fodlociok l rlokf ng tfrrnrist npfrltinos, grnh suppnrtiokstrltfkic prnplkloml lom iogaufocf lctivitifs, tn hnrf dikday iostruhfotla usfs sucd ls

cnhhuoicltino, guomrlisiok lom rfcruithfot.aix Sucd lctivitifs wlrrlot cnocfro kivfo tdfiocrflsiok pnpualrity ng klhiok wdicd sffhs tn jf trloscfomiok lkf, kfomfr lom cuaturla

jnuomlrifs.

Sfvfrla palusijaf scfolrins fxist wdfrf tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos cnuam afvfrlkf tdf

pnwfr ng tdf klhiok hfmiuh tn lcdifvf npfrltinola knlas witd hioihla trlioiok lomfxpfrtisf. ]dis plpfr wiaa nutaiof tdf currfot clpljiaitifs lom pntfotila scfolrins jy klhf

kforf mfhnostrltiok dnw l tfrrnrist nrkloizltino hikdt fxpanit tdf klhf splcf. ]dffxtfot tn wdicd klhfs clo jf usfm jy tfrrnrist krnups tn suppafhfot tdfir ntdfr lctivitifs

mfpfoms no l vlrifty ng glctnrs, tn iocaumf2

• Iotfroft cnoofctivity ng klhf usfrs

• Cnst lom lvlialjiaity ng dlrmwlrf lom/nr sngtwlrf rfquirfm tn paly klhf

• Afvfa lom eiom ng iotfrlctino jftwffo palyfrs tdlt tdf klhf laanws

• Flsf ng usf ng klhf

• Mfkrff ng klhf seiaas trlosgfrljiaity tn rfla-wnram lctivity

• Mfkrff ng rflaish io klhf mfsiko (sucd ls krlpdics lom prnkrlhhiok snpdisticltino)

• Jlrrifrs tn klhf prnmuctino

Pntfotila Vsfs ng Klhfs gnr ]frrnrist Lctivitifs

• Prnplkloml lom Iogaufocf - ]frrnrists lom syhpltdizfrs usf klhfs tn twist distnricla

cnotfxt, mfhnoizf fofhifs, misrupt tdf sncila hnrla cnhplss, lom prnplkltf imfnanky.

• Cnhhuoicltinos - Klhfs prnvimf lttrlctivf cnhhuoicltinos cdloofas gnr tfrrnrist krnups

lom syhpltdizfrs jfclusf io-klhf cnovfrsltinos ngtfo lrf miggicuat tn hnoitnr.

• Zfcruitiok - Noaiof klhiok clo sfrvf ls l rfcruitiok tnna. Gnr fxlhpaf, tdf Voitfm Stltfs

Lrhy gnuom tdlt :4% ng palyfrs ankkiok no tn paly its Lhfricl’s Lrhy noaiof klhf lasn

visitfm tdf cnrrfspnomiok rfcruithfot sitf.

• Sihualtino, Prlcticf lom ]flh Hlolkfhfot - Klhfs clo suppafhfot gifam trlioiok jy

glhiailriziok rfcruits witd tdf tlctics, wflpnory, lom seiaas offmfm tn cnomuct npfrltinos

lom palooiok.

• Hnofy Aluomfriok lom Guomrlisiok - Guoms usfm io noaiof klhfs clo jf upanlmfm io nofancltino lom mnwoanlmfm io lontdfr jy usiok l siokaf lvltlr tn wdicd huatipaf pfnpaf dlvf

lccfss vil IM lom plsswnrm. Latfroltfay, virtula ‑swflt sdnps‘ clo jf nrkloizfm tn





Plkf :;

]df fggfctivfofss ng clrryiok nut tfrrnrist lctivitifs tdrnukd klhfs vlrifs jy kforf. Flcd ng tdf scfolrins prfsfotfm nggfrs tdf hnst fggfctivf usf gnr its rfspfctivf typf ng

klhf. ]df gnaanwiok cdlrt kivfs lo nvfrvifw ng flcd klhf kforf lom its fggfctivfofssgnr foljaiok l spfcigic tfrrnrist njbfctivf2

Fxdijit 3-<2 Jfst Vsfs ng Klhf Kforfs io Iogaufocf Fggnrts§

Kforf ng

Klhf

Foljaf

Cnhhuoicltino

Sihualtino

lom

]rlioiok

Hnofy

Aluomfriok/

Guom Zlisiok

Prnplkloml

lom Iogaufocf

]nna gnr

Zfcruithfot

Girst-pfrsno

Sdnntfr

Fmucltinola

SihualtinoHixfm nr

Latfroltf

Zflaity

HHNZPKs

nr HVWFs

Strltfky

Klhfs

Imfla nr knnm usf

Cnuam jf usfm jut rfquirfs hnmfrltf fggnrt lom wnuam jf noay snhfwdlt fggfctivf

Cnuam jf usfm jut wnuam ont jf lo fggfctivf cdnicf grnh l cnst/jfofgit stlompniot

Ontf2 ]DF SCFOLZINS PZFSFO]FM IO ]DIS PLPFZ LZF GIC]I]INVS. ]dfy

rfprfsfot palusijaf usfs ng klhfs gnr tfrrnrist iogaufocf, palooiok, rfcruithfot lom

trlioiok purpnsfs.

§ L qulaitltivf lssfsshfot no tdf fggfctivfofss ng miggfrfot klhf kforfs io foljaiok tfrrnrist npfrltinos wls

jlsfm no iognrhltino kaflofm grnh rfsflrcd, iomustry cnogfrfocfs, lom klhiok fxpfrts.





Plkf :4

Pnssijaf ]frrnrist Vsf ng Miggfrfot Klhf Kforfs

Girst-pfrsno Sdnntfr Klhfs

Girst-pfrsno sdnntfr (GPS) klhfs iovnavf tdf palyfr tleiok no l girst-pfrsno cdlrlctfrrnaf, kiviok dih l sfosf ng ‑jfiok tdfrf.‘ ]dfsf klhfs usulaay pit palyfrs lkliost flcd

ntdfr nr tdf cnhputfr tn tfst tdfir strltfkifs lom rfgafxfs io l stltic, lrfol-aieffovirnohfot.

• Snhf ng tdf hnrf pnpualr GPS klhfs iocaumf Mnnh, Dlag-Aigf, Cnuotfrstrief,

Vorfla ]nurolhfot, Dlan, Oikdt ng Jusd Clpturiok lom Vomfr Lsd.

Fxdijit 3-:2 L vifw grnh tdf GPS klhf Dlag-aigf ls tdf nppnofot is sdnt. ax

Prnmucfrs ngtfo snpdisticltfmay iocnrpnrltf vlrinus wflpnos io tdfir GPS klhfs. Gnr

fxlhpaf, Laailocfaxi

laanws tdf usfr tn cdnnsf lo distnric nr cnotfhpnrlry wflpno gnr usfio klhf paly. ]df klhf lccurltfay pnrtrlys tdf jfofgits lom mrlwjlces ng tdf cdnsfo

wflpno, ls wfaa ls tdf cnrrfct vfancity lom trlbfctnry ng tdf lhhuoitino.

Girst-pfrsno Sdnntfr Scfolrin

]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. L Sumlofsf Isalhic fxtrfhist krnup mfvfanps l GPS klhf ls ltnna tn iogaufocf lumifocfs, trlio gnrcfs lom rlisf guoms. ]df klhf pnrtrlys ancla

wlranrms ls cnrrupt. Palyfrs hust tlef up lrhs tn dfap mfgfom tdfir tnwos.

• ]df palyfr hust cdnnsf tdf cnrrfct wflpno tn gikdt tdf fofhy lom clacualtf wdfotn rfanlm tdf wflpno, ls wfaa ls dnw tn hnvf tdrnukd tdf tnwo slgfay lom wdnh

tn trust. Ig tdf palyfr sdnnts l civiailo, tdf civiailo wiaa hlef l cnhhntino lom iohnhfots, tdf palyfr wiaa jf sdnt – lawlys.

• Lt tdf fom ng tdf klhf, wdfo tdf palyfr dls fitdfr wno nr anst l rnuom, l hfsslkf

rflms, ‑Zfla dfrnfs lrf tdnsf wdn tlef lctino io fvfrymly aigf. [dlt dlvf ynumnof tn suppnrt ynur jrntdfrs lom sistfrs tnmly> Sflrcd tdf Oft gnr tdf trutd lom





Plkf :9

bnio tdf clusf lt www.ynuclojfltfrrnrist.cnh, nr jy tfxtiok l hfsslkf tn cfaa pdnof ouhjfr (94)::-<:3-=67; tdlt iocaumfs tdf jfst wly tn cnotlct ynu.‘ ]df

klhf lasn nggfrs pnstla lom PlyPla lmmrfssfs ig palyfrs wnuam aief tn cnotrijutfgiolocilaay tn tdf clusf.

HHNZPKs lom Wirtula [nrams

Hlssivf Huatipalyfr Noaiof Znaf Palyiok Klhfs (HHNZPKs) lrf noaiof cnhputfr

rnaf-palyiok klhfs io wdicd l alrkf ouhjfr ng palyfrs iotfrlct witd nof lontdfr io lvirtula wnram. HHNZPKs lrf mistiokuisdfm grnh Znaf Palyiok Klhfs

** jy tdfir

‑pfrsistfocf‘, i.f. tdf virtula wnram cnotioufs tn fxist lom fvnavf fvfo wdfo tdf palyfr isont palyiok tdf klhf.

• Aflmiok titafs iocaumf Fvfr\ufst, Stlr [lrs Klalxifs, [nram ng [lrcrlgt,

Aioflkf, Hu, lom ]df Afkfom ng Hir .

Kuiam Io-klhf ]flh lt [nreaxii

‑…L kuiam is l cnaafctino ng palyfrs wdn cnhf tnkftdfr tn sdlrf eonwafmkf, rfsnurcfs,lom hlopnwfr. ]n ruo l alrkf nof, l kuiam hlstfr hust jf lmfpt lt hloy seiaas2

lttrlctiok, fvlaultiok, lom rfcruitiok ofw hfhjfrs5 crfltiok lpprfoticfsdip prnkrlhs5nrcdfstrltiok krnup strltfky5 lom lmbumicltiok misputfs. Kuiams rnutiofay spaiotfr nvfr

pftty squljjafs lom ntdfr jlsic gliaurfs ng hlolkfhfot5 tdf hlstfr hust rfsnavf tdfhwitdnut ansiok vlauljaf hfhjfrs, wdn clo flsiay quit lom bnio l rivla kuiam. Ofvfr hiom

tdf virtula surrnuomioks5 tdfsf cnomitinos prnvimf rfla-wnram trlioiok l hlolkfr clolppay mirfctay io tdf wnrepalcf…‘

--]lefo grnh2

Ynu Paly [nram ng [lrcrlgt> Ynu’rf Dirfm!

jy Bndo Sffafy Jrnwo lom Mnukals ]dnhls

[irfm Hlklziof

[diaf HHNZPKs iovnavf uomfrtleiok hissinos tdlt lrf fvfotulaay ‑wno‘ nr ‑anst,‘virtula wnrams gncus no mliay lctivitifs lom sncila iotfrlctinos.

• Wirtula wnram fovirnohfots laanw usfrs tn cnhhuoicltf lom plrticipltf io

lctivitifs sihuatlofnusay witd ntdfr usfrs rfklrmafss ng tdf pdysicla mistlocf jftwffo tdfh.

• ]ypiclaay prnmucfrs fstljaisd l virtula wnram lom laanw usfrs tn mfvfanp splcf lom

mfsiko itfhs witdio tdf wnram.

** ZPKs rfquirf palyfrs tn uomfrtlef l rnaf lom paly nut l olrrltivf io sihualtfm 'wnrams' witd prf-

prnkrlhhfm cdlrlctfrs lom qufsts. Palyfrs clo custnhizf tdfir cdlrlctfrs lom tdfo iotfrlct witd ntdfr

palyfrs tn cnhpaftf knlas nr qufsts. ZPKs dlvf jffo prnmucfm usiok jntd girst-pfrsno lom tdirm-pfrsno

pfrspfctivfs. Snhf pnpualr fxlhpafs ng tdis kforf lrf Vatihl, Giola Glotlsy, Miljan, lom Glaanut .





Plkf 30

• Hloy nrkloizltinos currfotay usf tdf virtula wnram ng Sfcnom Aigf tn cnomucttrlioiok wnresdnps. L gfw nrkloizltinos dlvf usfm tdf virtula wnram tn guomrlisf

lom juiam up krnups witd sihialr iotfrfsts.

• Pnpualr fxlhpafs ng virtula wnrams iocaumf Sfcnom Aigf, Cyjfrtnwo, Dljjn

Dntfa, ]dfrf, lom Wirtula Hlkic Eiokmnh.

Fxdijit 3-32 Vsfrs lrf ljaf tn sncilaizf io tdf virtula splcf Sfcnom Aigf.axiii

Wirtula [nram Scfolrin

]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. L snpdisticltfm tfrrnrist oftwnre bnios Sfcnom Aigf. No l plsswnrm-prntfctfm isalom ng tdf virtula cnhhuoity, tdfy cnostruct rfpaicls ng sitfs tdlt

tdfy lrf iotfrfstfm io lttlceiok, lom clrry nut rflaistic, virtula mry ruos ng tdfir lttlces.

• ]dfy cnosimfr fxplomiok tdfir oftwnre lom mfvfanpiok lo no-kniok virtulatfrrnrist trlioiok clhp, cnhpaftf witd afssnos no tdf hlouglcturf ng jnhjs, tdf

prnpfr usf ng lrtiaafry, lom jlsic afssnos no tdf hnst fggfctivf palcfs tn sdnnt l pfrsno tn hnrtlaay wnuom tdfh.

Jfclusf virtula wnrams clo sfrvf ls l paltgnrh gnr dlrm-tn-trlcf cnhhuoicltinos lom

privltf, snhftihfs plsswnrm-prntfctfm hfftioks wdfo hfhjfrs lrf sfplrltfm jymistlocf, tdf tfrrnrist oftwnre lasn utiaizfs tdf virtula splcf gnr cfaa hlolkfhfot lom

hfftioks.

• ]df hfftioks dfap fosurf tdlt hfhjfrs lrf lccnuotfm gnr no l rfkualr jlsis wdiafmrlwiok aittaf lttfotino tn tdf kltdfriok nr tdf hfhjfrs’ lssnciltino.

• Wirtula iotfrlctino dfaps tflh hfhjfrs jfcnhf glhiailr lom mfvfanp trust witd

tdfir tflhhltfs anok jfgnrf tdfy hfft glcf-tn-glcf.

• [nreiok tnkftdfr io klhfs nr virtula wnrams juiam tflhs cndfsino wdicdtrlosaltfs iotn jfttfr syofrkifs io rfla-wnram situltinos.




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf 3<

Grfqufot iotfrlctino witd dis oftwnre dfaps tdf aflmfr hnoitnr tdf afvfa ng dis tflhhfhjfrs’ cnhhithfot tn tdf clusf lom fosurf tdlt tdfy mn ont wlvfr grnh tdf krnup’stlcticla lom strltfkic hissinos. ]dis lasn dfaps tdf aflmfr prfvfot hfhjfrs grnh‑mfgfctiok‘ nr ntdfrwisf jfcnhiok l tdrflt tn tdf cfaa.

Snhf ng tdf tfrrnrist oftwnre hfhjfrs aiviok io l rfhntf ancltino witd Iotfroft lccfssrlisf guoms vil ‑knam glrhiok,‘ l virtula gnrh ng tdf ‑swflt sdnp.‘ ]dfir aljnrfrs palyklhfs tn mfvfanp tdf jfst, strnokfst io-klhf cdlrlctfrs wdicd lrf tdfo snam noaiof gnr l prngit lt sitfs aief F-jly.

††

• Jfclusf ng tdf klhfs’ fotfrtliohfot vlauf, tfrrnrist oftwnre hfhjfrs focnurlkf palyfrs tn ‑wnre‘ gnr tdfh nr rlisf guoms tdfhsfavfs jy sihpay palyiok klhfslom tdfo sfaaiok itfhs.

Ntdfr oftwnre lssnciltfs plrticipltf io trlmitinola guomrlisiok. Sfcnom Aigf laanws palyfrstn cnotlct tdf nrkloizfr ng aief-krnups, pfrdlps ‑duhloitlrilo‘ nrkloizltinos tdlt suppnrt

plrticualr clusfs, lom sfom hlss fhlias tn focnurlkf plrticipltino io spfcila iotfrfstfvfots. Mnoltinos lrf aluomfrfm tn guom tfrrnr lctivitifs.

• ]frrnrist krnups lrf iotrnmucfm tn ofw syhpltdizfrs io tdis wly.

• Ntdfr lssnciltfs dnam iovitltino-noay ‑tnwo hfftioks‘ nr ‑krnup hfftioks‘ tnihprfss vifwpniots upno pntfotila rfcruits.

Wirtula [nrams lom HHNZPKs ls l Giah Sft

Hlcdioihl2 Grnh Klhf splcf tn Wimfn

Klhiok clo sfrvf ls l paltgnrh gnr prnplkloml vimfn prnmuctino. Gnr fxlhpaf,hlcdioihl is giahhleiok witdio tdf rfla-tihf 3M virtula fovirnohfot ng l vimfn klhf.Laa tdlt is rfquirfm is l klhf lom l mfsetnp cnhputfr.axiv ]df cnhjioltino ng hlcdioihlsngtwlrf lom l virtula wnram nr vimfn klhf sucd ls Paloft Jlttafgifam , laanws nof tn giahtdfir io-klhf lctivitifs ls tdfy paly tn mfvfanp l giah wdicd is flsiay mistrijutfm nvfr tdfIotfroft.

]frrnrists cnuam flsiay fxpanit tdis tfcdonanky. ]drnukd tdf usf ng virtulacdlrlctfrs lom lumin hlsd-ups l tfrrnrist cnuam lonoyhnusay crfltf hlcdioihl giahs tdltiocaumfm spffcdfs, upmltfs, lom jrifgioks. Df cnuam usf tdf tfcdonanky ng virtulacnhhuoitifs tn crfltf tlrkft sitfs tn cnovfy tn cfaa hfhjfrs tdf ofxt paloofm lttlce, usf

klhfs tn kivf l visula palo ng dnw tdf lttlce sdnuam jf clrrifm nut, lom glhiailrizftflhhltfs witd tdf tfrrlio ng tdf iotfomfm sitf witd tdf tfcdonanky ng Sfcnom Aigf.Lmmitinolaay, nof cnuam usf hlcdioihl tn crfltf l aieljaf, hiaitlot dfrn witd wdnh tdfirtlrkft lumifocf cnuam imfotigy.

†† Muriok tdf hnotd ng Mfcfhjfr, SLIC lolaysts pfrinmiclaay cdfcefm f-Jly gnr cdlrlctfrs lom itfhs gnr

slaf. It wls cnhhno tn sff l dikd-afvfa cdlrlctfr witd spfcila seiaas io [nram ng [lrcrlgt nr Fvfrqufst no

slaf gnr lpprnxihltfay VS$:,000 witd noay hioutfs afgt io tdf luctinos.





Plkf 3:

]dis tfcdonanky, cnhjiofm witd lumin hlsd-ups, lasn cnuam jf flsiay usfm tn

iocnrpnrltf tdf vnicfs ng efy dflms ng stltf, tdf VS Prfsimfot gnr fxlhpaf, iotn loti-VS prnplkloml. Lo nrikiola spffcd cnuam jf tlhpfrfm tn crlgt ofw, uoglvnrljaf hfsslkfs.

Fxdijit 3-=2 Paloft Jlttafgifam5 uoivfrsla rfsnurcf aioe ancltfm lt2dttp2//paloftjlttafgifam.klhfspy.cnh/ghs/Ihlkf.pdp>ihlkf8dttp2//pohfmil.klhfspy.cnh/paloftjlttafgifam.klhfspy.cnh/i

hlkfs/jg:ofws/sdnt;.bpk

Hixfm nr Latfroltf Zflaity Klhfs

Hixfm lom latfroltf rflaity klhfs iovnavf tdf usf ng hnjiaf tfcdonanky, KPS lom

noaiof cnhhuoicltino io l rfla wnram fovirnohfot. Jfclusf tdfsf klhfs fxist io jntdcyjfrsplcf lom tdf rfla wnram, tdf jnuomlrifs jftwffo virtula lom rfla wnrams lrf

jaurrfm.

Latfroltf Zflaity Klhiok

Latfroltf Zflaity Klhiok (LZK), snhftihfs lasn claafm Ihhfrsivf Klhiok nrIotfrlctivf Gictino, is lo fhfrkiok kforf ng noaiof klhiok lom nof ng tdf girst truf lrt lom

fotfrtliohfot gnrhs mfvfanpfm grnh lom fxcausivfay gnr tdf Iotfroft. LZKs lrf palyfm iorfla-aigf splcfs uomfr gictitinus luspicfs, usulaay usiok l cfaa pdnof, clhfrl lom/nr

dlomdfam KPS mfvicf, lom tdf Iotfroft.

• ]df Iotfroft sfrvfs ls l ‑jlsf‘ gnr iognrhltino no tdf klhf, clacualtiokiomivimula nr tflh pniots, lom hlolkiok tdf klhf.

• ]fcdoiclaay, LZKs lrf l eiom ng HHNZPK jfclusf ng tdf ihpnrtlot rnaf ng tdf

Iotfroft io tdf klhfs.

Ntdfr tdlo fotfrtliohfot, LZKs clo jf prnmucfm gnr fmucltino lom trlioiok,krlssrnnts lctivish, lom prnhntinola clhplikoiok.

axv

• ]itafs ng pnpualr LZKs iocaumf Nrjitla Cnanoy, Pfrpafx City, Stumin Cypdfrs,

[dn is Jfoblhio Stnvf, ]df ANS] Fxpfrifocf, lom Ncualr Fggfct.





Fxdijit 3-62 Snprlons Latfroltf Zflaity Klhf

Hloy latfroltf nr hixfmrflaity klhfs jfkio ls

prnhntinola fggnrts. Snhf

ng tdf hnst faljnrltf cnsthnrf tdlo $600,000. ]n

prnhntf tdf prfhifrf ngtdf Snprlons, L&F dls

mfvfanpfm l hixfm rflaity

klhf palyfm jntd no tdf

Iotfroft lom io tdf rfla-

wnram lom iovnaviok

sflrcdfs gnr plrticualrlmvfrtisfhfots lom ntdfr

‑sikdtioks.‘

Latfroltf Zflaity Scfolrin #<]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. L tfrrnrist cfaa is palooiok tn jnhj tdf VS fhjlssy io Blelrtl.Latfroltf nr hixfm rflaity klhfs laanw tdf cfaa tn prlcticf tdf lttlce io l rflaisticfovirnohfot witd uofxpfctfm pfnpaf, onisf, lom njstlcafs.

• Muriok tdf mry ruo, cfaa hfhjfrs cnhhuoicltf tdrnukd tdf npfrltinoscnnrmioltnr, wdn dls lccfss tn tdf Iotfroft lom l tfafpdnof.

• Ls tdf hfhjfrs cnhhuoicltf muriok tdf mry ruo io tdf rfla wnram, it annes tnntdfr pfnpaf aief tdfy lrf iooncfotay tlaeiok no tdfir cfaa pdnofs, anneiok lt tdfir plah piants, nr sfomiok tfxt hfsslkfs tn grifoms. Io glct tdfy lrf claaiokdflmqulrtfrs witd iognrhltino no sfcurity clhfrls, wiriok, sfcurity kulrms, pnwfrsnurcfs, crnwm cnokrfkltino ancltinos lom ntdfr mltl, gnaanwiok hlps no tdfirPMLs, lom cnhhuoicltiok witd tflh hfhjfrs.

• [itd ancltino trlceiok mfvicfs, tdf cnnrmioltnr cnuam trlce KPS pnsitinos ng cfaa pdnofs nr clpturf tflh hfhjfrs’ hnvfhfots witd ntdfr hfhjfrs’ clhfrls lomvimfn pdnofs.

• ]df cfaa clrrifs nut its hissino io tdf slhf hloofr tdlt it dlm prlcticfm usiokhixfm rflaity klhiok tnnas.

Latfroltf Zflaity Scfolrin #: ]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. L tfrrnrist cfaa wisdfs tn mrlw l crnwm tn l spfcigic ancltino ioSflttaf, lom tdfo mistrijutf l cnotlkinus jinankicla lkfot. L cfaa mfvfanps lo latfroltfrflaity klhf lom pnsts it no tdf latfroltf rflaity klhf oftwnre no tdf Iotfroft.





Plkf 3=

]df klhf focnurlkfs plrfots tn tlef tdfir cdiamrfo tn glhnus alomhlres io Sflttaf lom

tflcd tdfh ljnut Sflttaf’s distnry lom cuaturf. [itd flcd alomhlre visit, tdfy wiaa klio lcfrtlio lhnuot ng pniots. [dnfvfr cnaafcts <,000 pniots wiaa rfcfivf grff fotry tn l

pnpualr ancla lttrlctino no l plrticualr mly. ]df cfaa pfrsulmfs tdf Sflttaf Scifocf

Husfuh tn krlot grff fotry tn wioofrs io fxcdlokf gnr pujaicity.

• Plrfots lom cdiamrfo tnur tdf city, cnaafctiok pniots wdfo tdfy tlef pdntns ng

plrticualr alomhlres nr jlrcnmfs prf-pnstfm lrnuom tnwo. [dfo tdfy cnaafct<,000 pniots, tdfy lrf sfot l tfxt hfsslkf tdlt slys tdfy dlvf wno l grff mly lt

tdf Sflttaf Scifocf Husfuh no Gfjrulry <6.

• [itd l oflr-kulrlotffm crnwm lt tdf Scifocf Husfuh, cfaa hfhjfrs mistrijutftdf jinankicla lkfot no Gfjrulry <6. ]df ‑wioofrs‘ lom ntdfrs tdfrf rfturo dnhf

lom sprflm tdf jinankicla lkfot tn glhiaifs, grifoms lom scdnnas.

KfnclcdiokKfnclcdiok is lontdfr trflsurf duot-typf klhf. Vsiok dlom-dfam KPS

mfvicfs, tdf palyfrs usf tdf iognrhltinono tdf Iotfroft tn sflrcd gnr tdf trflsurf

io rfla-aigf.

• Hloy tihfs tdf clcdfs lrf ontwnrtd l sikoigiclot lhnuot ng

hnofy, jut it is tdf sfosf nglmvfoturf lom lccnhpaisdhfot

tdlt mrlws pfnpaf tn tdf klhf.

]n plrticipltf io kfnclcdiok, nofoffms l palcf tn pnst kfnclcdf ancltinos

(typiclaay, tdf Iotfroft), l dlom-dfam KPS

cnhpnofot, lom l ‑trflsurf.‘ ]ypiclaay, kfnclcdfrs siko up gnr lo lccnuot no lkfnclcdiok sitf. Nocf no tdf sitf, tdfy clo sflrcd gnr kfnclcdfs tdlt ntdfrs dlvf afgt.

• Sihialray, tdfy clo dimf l clcdf lom pnst its cnnrmioltfs gnr ntdfr pfnpaf tn giom.

• Kfnclcdiok’s pnpualrity dls sprflm lcrnss Furnpf lom tdf Voitfm Stltfs.

• Lsil lom Lgricl lasn lrf dnhf tn hloy plrticiplots.

]df clcdfs lrf rloefm io tfrhs ng miggicuaty tn giom, tdf tfrrlio, lom tdf typf ng clcdf.

Nocf l clcdf is gnuom, tdf kfnclcdfr typiclaay wiaa siko l ank jnne lt tdf sitf nr vil tdfwfjsitf tn iognrh pfnpaf tdlt it dls jffo gnuom.

Fxdijit 3-72 Scrffo Sdnts gnr Sflrcdiok gnr l Clcdf





Plkf 36

Kfnclcdiok Scfolrin

]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. L tfrrnrist cfaa aflmfr dls cfaa hfhjfrs juiam lom trlospnrt l jnhj tn l mftnoltino spnt –l olvla wltcd stltino jftwffo Ans Lokfafs lom Slo Mifkn –

usiok kfnclcdiok.

<. Cfaa hfhjfr #< juys l cnhpnofot ng tdf jnhj oflr Zfon, Ofvlml. Df tdfostlsdfs dis purcdlsf gnr tdf ofxt hfhjfr tn giom io snutd-cfotrla Ofvlml.

:. Cfaa hfhjfr #: eonws noay tdf cnmf olhf ng cfaa hfhjfr #<. Df eonws tdlt #<

wiaa jf dimiok l plrtilaay juiat jnhj tdlt rfquirfs tdf cnhpnofot tdlt df dls jnukdt. Df wltcdfs lom wlits gnr l pnstiok jy #< ng l ancltino witdio tdf

prfmftfrhiofm <00 hiafs grnh dis jlsf. [dfo #< pnsts, df rusdfs nut tn giom tdfclcdf, tlefs tdf mfvfanpiok jnhj, lmms dis cnhpnofot, lom tlefs it tn l palcf

witdio <00 hiafs ng tdf snutd-flstfro Vtld-Ofvlml jnrmfr.

3. Cfaa hfhjfr #3 rfpflts tdf slhf prncfss ls cfaa hfhjfr #:. ]dis prncfsscnotioufs uotia tdf jnhj is cnhpaftfm.

=. ]df giola cfaa hfhjfr tlefs tdf jnhj tn tdf olvla wltcd stltino lom mftnoltfs it

ls paloofm. On rfm galks wfrf rlisfm jfclusf tdf trlospnrt lom purcdlsf ng tdf jnhj cnhpnofots wfrf sprflm nut lcrnss gnur stltfs.

Fxdijit 3-;2 Kfnclcdiok Cnostructino lom ]rlospnrtltino Scfolrin





Plkf 37

Sihualtino Klhfs

Sihualtino klhfs laanw klhfrs l cdlocf tn fxpfrifocf lom prlcticf l rnaf, lctivity nrseiaa io tdf slgfty ng tdf virtula wnram. Pnpualr fxpfrifocfs io tdfsf klhfs iocaumf gayiok,

rlciok, spnrtiok, lom juiamiok.

• ]dfrf lrf hloy eioms ng usfrs ng sihualtino klhfs. Gnr fxlhpaf, tn trlio snamifrstdf Voitfm Stltfs hiaitlry usfs sihualtino klhfs iocaumiok gaikdt sihualtnrs,

urjlo wlrglrf sihualtinos, lom fvfo cnhhuoicltino sihualtinos gnr mfpanyhfotio gnrfiko cnuotrifs.

• Aiefwisf, tfrrnrist cfaas cnuam usf sihualtino klhfs gnr cnhhuoicltino,rfcruithfot lom tflh hlolkfhfot ls wfaa ls gnr mry-ruos ng hissinos.

• Snhf ng tdf hnst succfssgua titafs iocaumf Hicrnsngt Gaikdt Sihualtnr, Krlo

]urishn, Hlmmfo OGA, lom SihCity.

Sihualtino Scfolrin

]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. L tfrrnrist aflmfr wlots tn stlkf l jinankicla lom cdfhiclalttlce no sfvfrla [lsdioktno, MC, Hftrn stltinos sihuatlofnusay. ]df cfaa aflmfr wnuam

aief tn sihualtf laa stlkfs ng sucd lo lttlce iocaumiok tdf cnostructino, trlospnrtltino lomihpafhfotltino ng tdf palo. Jlsic jfofgits ng l sihualtfm lttlce iocaumf2

• Cfaa hfhjfrs usf virtula sihualtino tn hnoitnr tihfs lom ancltinos tn clrry nut

lo lttlce lcrnss huatipaf stltinos.

• Cfaa hfhjfrs usf virtula sihualtino tn clsf tdf fovirnohfot prinr tn tdf lttlce ionrmfr tn imfotigy lom hitikltf pntfotila njstlcafs.

• ]df cfaa aflmfr is ljaf tn iotfkrltf mikitla ihlkfry lom sihualtfm snuoms tn

lccaihltf npfrltnrs io nrmfr tdlt tdfy fxfcutf tdf lttlce hnrf fggfctivfay.

Hlppiok prnkrlhs sucd ls Knnkaf flrtd clo jf iotfkrltfm iotn noaiof sihualtino klhfstn rfcnostruct strffts, juiamioks lom ntdfr tnpnkrlpdicla gflturfs oflr pntfotila lttlce

sitfs.

• ]df cfaa aflmfr iotfkrltfs iognrhltino prnvimfm jy tdf city iospfctnr’s nggicf,iocaumiok lctula juiamiok cnmfs lom utiaity ancltinos tn kfofrltf hnrf lccurltf

klhf cnostructino.

L sngtwlrf prnkrlh tdlt sihualtfs dnspitla lom aljnrltnry fovirnohfots is upanlmfm iotntdf klhf splcf. ]df sngtwlrf is iotfomfm gnr trlioiok hfmicla stlgg lom aljnrltnry

tfcdoicilos ljnut slgf dlomaiok lom stnrlkf ng mlokfrnus cdfhiclas lom jinankiclalkfots. It lasn trlios girst rfspnomfrs no cnotlioiok spiaas. Cfaa hfhjfrs usf tdis

prnkrlh tn aflro slgf dlomaiok, trlospnrt lom mfpanyhfot ng tdf cdfhicla lom jinankiclalkfots tdfy wiaa usf.





Plkf 3;

Vtiaiziok lctula palos gnr tdf Hftrn systfh prnvimf iosikdt iotn tuoofa lom stltinostructurfs. Sucd palos lccurltfay pnrtrly tdf ancltino lom sikoigiclocf ng efy pnwfr

snurcfs, vfotialtino mucts, lom ntdfr iogrlstructurf gflturfs criticla tn lo fggfctivf jinankicla lttlce.

• ]df cfaa aflmfr utiaizfs sngtwlrf tdlt sclos tdf structurla lom lrcditfcturla palos ngefy structurfs tn crfltf l 3-M virtula hftrn systfh. Df tdfo palcfs tdf virtulaHftrn systfh no l plsswnrm prntfctfm isalom io l virtula wnram lom sdlrfs tdf

plsswnrm witd ntdfr cfaa hfhjfrs.

Lmmitinola mftlias lrf fotfrfm iotn tdf virtula hftrn stltino usiok tdf slhf tfcdoiqufs.Cfaa hfhjfrs clsiok tdf —rfla’ hftrn systfh imfotigy sfcurity cdfces, iocaumiok clhfrl

lom vimfn iostlaaltinos lom tdfo prnkrlh tdfir ancltinos.

• Jy iotfkrltiok tdfsf systfhs iotn tdf sihualtfm hftrn systfh, tdf cfaa hfhjfrsimfotigy lom nvfrcnhf njstlcafs tdrnukd trila lom frrnr. Imfotigyiok lom ioputtiok

plssfokfr trlggic plttfros tdrnukd tdf Hftrn systfh gurtdfr foljafs lccurlcy io palooiok lom fxfcutiok lttlces.

• ]df jrflmtd ng mltl lom snpdisticltino ng tdf sngtwlrf prnkrlhs laanws tdf cfaa tn

pfrgnrh mlhlkf lssfsshfots lkliost flcd scfolrin tn dfap prfmict wdicdcnomitinos wnuam jf hnst fggfctivf io mfaivfriok l cdfhicla nr jinankicla

iogfctinos.

]drnukd tdfir mry ruos, fxpfrihfotltino lom prlcticf, tdf sihualtino, io its fotirfty,mftfrhiof tdf nptihla npfrltino wdiaf hlxihiziok tdf fggfctivfofss lom ihplct.

Ls tdf scfolrins lrf jfiok paloofm lom prlcticf, tdf cfaa aflmfr njtlios sfosnrs tn hnoitnr

cfaa hfhjfrs’ jinankicla rfspnosfs. Gurtdfr, snhf klhfs dlvf gflturfs tdlt laanwaflmfrs tn hnoitnr palyfr stltistics.

• Df dnnes tdf cfaa hfhjfrs up tn tdfsf sfosnrs lom dls tdfh pfrgnrh vlrinus

tlses rfaltfm tn tdf sihualtino lom hnoitnrs tdfir rfspnosfs.

• ]dis dfaps tdf cfaa hfhjfr mftfrhiof tdf rnafs ng tdf hfhjfrs jlsfm no tdfirolturla rfspnosfs.

• It lasn dfaps imfotigy trlioiok nr cnomitinoiok tdlt hust nccur jfgnrf tdf hissino.

• ]df cfaa hfhjfr lasn trlces palyfr pfrgnrhlocf lom tihf spfot io tdf sihualtino

tdrnukd io-klhf palyfr pfrgnrhlocf stltistics.

]drnukd tdf cfaa’s mry ruos, tdf tflh jfcnhfs cnhgnrtljaf witd tdfir rnafs muriok tdfhissino, tdfrfjy rfmuciok tdf hlrkio ng frrnr.





Plkf 34

• Flcd hfhjfr eonws tdfir rnafs lom wdlt tdfir cnaaflkufs wiaa jf mnioksihuatlofnusay.

• ]dfy prlcticf scfolrins tdlt hly nccur muriok tdf hissino lom mftfrhiof dnw tn

lct.

• ]dfy lrf onw afss suscfptijaf tn surprisfs.

]drnukd rfsflrcd lom io-klhf sihualtino, it is mftfrhiofm tdlt hlxihuh ihplct clo jffxpfctfm usiok tdrff jnhjfrs io flcd ng gnur Hftrn stltinos -- Hftrn Cfotfr, Klaafry

Palcf, Voino Stltino, Clpitna Snutd, lom A’Foglot -- lt 42=6 LH no l ]ufsmly io altf-Hlrcd. Flcd cfaa hfhjfr eonws tdfir rfspnosijiaitifs lom tdf tihiok no tdfir

hnvfhfots.

Eonwafmkf-Jlsfm Klhfs

Eonwafmkf-jlsfm klhfs lrf l prnvfo succfss io tflcdiok. Hloy nrkloizltinos dlvf jfkuo tn mfvfanp vimfn lom ntdfr klhfs tn tflcd cdiamrfo ljnut tdfir wnre nr hissino.

• ]df Voitfm Oltinos, gnr fxlhpaf, prnvimfs Gnnm Gnrcf gnr grff vil tdf VO

wfjsitf. ]df klhf lihs tn tflcd cdiamrfo ljnut kanjla duokfr lom gnnm lim.

• Aiefwisf, Himmaf Flstfro krnups dlvf lttfhptfm tn iogaufocf cdiamrfo vil klhfs.]df Isalhic Guo suitf cnotlios tdf klhf ]df Zfsistlocf wdicd clrrifs tdf

gnaanwiok iotrnmuctino tn tdf klhf, ‑Ynu lrf l glrhfr io Snutd Afjlono wdn dls bniofm tdf Isalhic Zfsistlocf tn mfgfom ynur alom lom glhiay grnh tdf iovlmiok

Rinoists.‘

• Ntdfr pnpualr titafs iocaumf [dfrf io tdf [nram is Clrhfo Slomifkn>, Jauf’s

Caufs2 Jaufs Jik Husicla lom, nof ng tdf girst fmucltinola vimfn klhfs, Nrfkno

]rlia.

Eonwafmkf-Jlsfm Klhf Scfolrin

]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. La-Lqsl Hlrtyrs Jriklmf wnuam aief tn tflcd cdiamrfo ljnuttdf Isrlfai-Plafstioilo cnogaict. ]df krnup eonws tdlt vivim, iotfrlctivf klhfs lrf aiefay

tn fotfrtlio cdiamrfo wdiaf prnvimiok lo fggfctivf fmucltino paltgnrh. ]dfy mfvfanp lklhf grnh tdf Plafstioilo pniot-ng-vifw tdlt mistnrts distnry jy fhjfaaisdiok ltrncitifs

cnhhittfm jy tdf Isrlfais, lom hioihiziok cuapljiaity ng tdf Plafstioilos.• Io nrmfr tn wio tdf klhf, tdf ynuok palyfr hust loswfr qufstinos cnrrfctay tn

slvf dis glhiay lom grifoms.

• L cnrrfct loswfr, ls mffhfm jy tdf syhpltdizfr, kfts tdf cdiam nof stfp cansfr tnPlrlmisf.

• Muriok flcd scfolrin, tdfrf lrf qufstinos ljnut rfaikino, Isrlfai jfaifgs lom hnrla

rfspnosijiaity Usff jfanwX.





Plkf 39

Io klhf \uiz Fxlhpaf 2

]df Isrlfai hiaitlry no tdf Plafstioilo jnrmfr is pnsitinofm tdfrf tn2

L. Prnvimf prntfctino gnr laa ono-hiaitlry citizfos crnssiok tdf jnrmfr jftwffo Isrlfa lomPlafstiof rfklrmafss ng oltinolaity nr rfaikino.

J. Prntfct laa Cdristilo ono-hiaitlry citizfos.C. Prntfct laa Cdristilos lom eiaa Husaihs, iocaumiok wnhfo lom cdiamrfo tn

prfvfot tdf crfltino ng hnrf Isalhic pfnpaf lom tn sanway calih alom tdlt is ont

tdfirs.

• [dfo cdiamrfo loswfr tdrff quiz qufstinos rikdt, tdfy prnkrfss tn tdf ofxt hnrlamiafhhl io tdf klhf - tdfy lrf prfsfotfm witd l scfolrin nut ng ‑distnry.‘ Jlsfm

no tdf scfolrin prfsfotfm, tdfy hust cdnnsf tdf rikdt hnrla lctino tn cnotiouf nowitd tdfir bnurofy tnwlrms Plrlmisf Usff Iotfrlctivf Stnry Fxlhpaf jfanwX.

Iotfrlctivf Stnry Fxlhpaf2

Isrlfai snamifrs clhf tn ynur dnhf alst oikdt. Ynu slw tdf hfo cnhiok io tihf tn tlefcnvfr jfdiom tdf dnusf witd ynur tdrff-yflr-nam jrntdfr. Ynur hntdfr, namfr sistfr, lom

gltdfr wdfrf jrutlaay lttlcefm lom eiaafm. Ynu lom ynur ynuokfr jrntdfr survivfm tdflttlce.

Altfr, ynur ofikdjnr’s jrntdfr dls cnhf tn ply dis rfspfcts. Df is l hfhjfr ng tdf

Isalhic rfsistlocf lom nggfrs tn dfap ynu lvfokf tdf hurmfr ng ynur glhiay. Df lssurfsynu tdlt ig ynu cdnnsf tn bnio tdf bidlm ynu wiaa dlvf tdf nppnrtuoity tn gikdt lom sdnuam

ynu sustlio loy iobury, df prnhisfs ynu tdlt ynur ynuokfst jrntdfr wiaa jf clrfm gnr.]ihf is ng tdf fssfocf, dnwfvfr, lom tdf grffmnh gikdtfrs lrf fxpfctiok ynur mfcisino

tnoikdt. [dlt wiaa ynu mn>

Ynur nptinos lrf2L. Zfgusf tdfir nggfr.

Ynu tdloe tdf grffmnh gikdtfr, jut rfsiko ynursfag tn aivf uomfr Isrlfai nccupltino. Ynur

gltdfr wnuam uomfrstlom. Ynu lrf tryiok tn prntfct ynursfag lom ynuokfr jrntdfr,

latdnukd ynu eonw tdlt tdf Isrlfai gnrcfs cnuam cnhf lklio lt loy tihf.

J. Ont rfspnom tn tdf nggfr.Ynur glhiay dls larflmy jffo mfstrnyfm lom ynu mn ont wlot tn wnrsfo tdf situltino.

Jfwlrf, dnwfvfr, ls ynur gliaurf tn bnio tdf Isalhic rfsistlocf fssfotilaay hflos tdlt ynu

lrf cnhpayiok witd tdf Rinoist nccupltino.

C. Bnio tdf rfsistlocf lom nggfr ynursfag ls l suicimf jnhjfr.

Ynu jfkio trlioiok tnmly.Ynu vnauotffr tn sfrvf tdf bidlm ls l suicimf jnhjfr. ]dis is lo dnonrljaf pnst. Ynu wiaa

jf rfwlrmfm lom ynur glhiay wiaa jf prntfctfm. Ynu wiaa jf l dfrn io ynur cnhhuoity.





Plkf =0

[dfo ynu clrry nut ynur hissino, ynu clusf tdf mfltd ng tdf Isrlfai snamifrs wdn eiaafm

ynur hntdfr, sistfr lom gltdfr. Ynu lrf cfafjrltfm ls l dfrn tdrnukdnut tdf

ofikdjnrdnnm. Ynur jrntdfr is tlefo clrf ng lom rfspfctfm gnr ynur slcrigicf.

Strltfky Klhfs

Strltfky klhfs gncus no clrfgua palooiok lom rfsnurcf hlolkfhfot io nrmfr tn

lcdifvf victnry. Hloy ng tdfsf klhfs clo jf aiefofm tn trlmitinola tljaftnp wlr klhfs,nccurriok io fitdfr l turo-jlsfm nr rfla-tihf situltino.

• Zfla tihf strltfky klhfs (Z]S) dlvf jfcnhf tdf prfmnhiolot klhf io tdis kforf.

• Pnpualr titafs io turo-jlsfm nr rfla-tihf strltfky klhfs iocaumf Stlrcrlgt,

[lrcrlgt, Civiaizltino, Hlstfr ng Nrino, Cnhhlom & Cnoqufr, lom Lkf ng

Fhpirfs.

]rlmitinolaay, strltfky klhfs dlvf gncusfm no hiaitlry hnvfhfots. Io tnmly’siognrhltino tfcdonanky fovirnohfot dnwfvfr, strltfky klhfs tflcd jusiofss

hlolkfhfot lom ofkntiltino seiaas.

• ]frrnrists hikdt usf strltfky klhfs tn tflcd ofw aflmfrs guomrlisiok tfcdoiqufs,hissino palooiok, lom dnw tn hloipualtf cfaa hfhjfrs iotn cnhpaftf hissinos.

Strltfky Klhf Scfolrin

]dis scfolrin is gictitinus. L tfrrnrist krnup wnuam aief tn foklkf ynuokfr palyfrs lom

mistrijutf prnplkloml tn l sfkhfot ng tdf pnpualtino tdlt wiaa jf ihpnrtlot io guturf Bidlmfggnrts. ]df krnup wnuam aief tn lasn mftfrhiof ig tdfrf lrf loy palyfrs tdlt git tdf prngiaf

ng tdfir rfcruitfrs.

]df tfrrnrist krnup mfvfanps l klhf tdlt sihualtfs tdf mutifs lom clhlrlmfrif ng tdfirIsalhic jrntdfrs io Bidlm. ]df tfrrnrists juiam iotn tdf klhf anmkiok, rloe lom giaf rnafs,

jfofgits ng tdnsf rnafs lom l wflpnos structurf tdlt laanws palyfrs witd dikdfr stltus tndlvf jfttfr wflpnos. ]df strltfky io tdf klhf is tn ont noay nvfrcnhf tdfir fofhifs (io

tdis clsf l cnrrupt nggicila pnaicf gnrcf) jut tdfy hust lasn jfcnhf aflmfrs ng tdfir jrntdfrs tn njtlio jfttfr wflpnos lom jfofgits witdio tdf krnup. ]df sfttiok ng tdf klhf

jfkios wdfo l ynuok, strnok Irlqi sffs ofikdjnr lgtfr ofikdjnr hurmfrfm jy cnrrupt pnaicf.

• ]df palyfr hust juiam citizfo lrhifs tn cnuotfr tdf cnrrupt pnaicf gnrcfs.

• ]df palyfr hust trlio dis trnnps, ls wfaa ls rlisf guoms.

• Df hust lvnim tdf crnwm turoiok lkliost dih.

]df klhf is mistrijutfm gnr grff tn rflcd tdf krfltfst ouhjfr ng pfnpaf lom clo jf palyfmlhnokst ntdfr hfhjfrs jy cnoofctiok tn tdf Iotfroft. Hfhjfrs ng tdf tfrrnrist krnup





Plkf =<

wdicd prnmucfm tdf klhf lasn paly tdf klhf lom lssfss ntdfr palyfrs’ strltfky seiaas lomcnhhithfot tn tdf clusf. Cfaa hfhjfrs foklkf tdf palyfrs io cnovfrsltino tn mftfrhiof

iognrhltino ljnut tdfh lom uatihltfay mftfrhiof ig tdfy wnuam jf l knnm clomimltf gnrrfcruithfot.

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh

]dis plpfr miscussfs pnssijaf tfrrnrist usf ng miggfrfot typfs ng klhfs io trlioiok,

palooiok, rfcruitiok, cnhhuoicltinos, guomrlisiok, lom prnplkloml fggnrts. [diaf laa ngtdfsf scfolrins lrf pnssijaf io hloy lrfls ng tdf wnram, noay snhf hly jf pnssijaf io

lrfls wdfrf Iotfroft cnoofctivity, dlrmwlrf, nr ntdfr mfpfomfocifs lrf aihitfm.

• L gnaanw-no stumy hikdt miscuss ancltino-spfcigic scfolrins io tlrkft lrfls.





Plkf =:

CDLP]FZ =





Plkf =3


Fhfrkiok trfoms io tdf klhiok splcf wiaa dlvf prngnuom fggfcts no tdf iomustry,

gufaiok its fxplosino iotn prfvinusay uotlppfm hlrefts lom lggnrmiok tfrrnrist

nrkloizltinos krfltfr nppnrtuoitifs tn rflcd lom tlrkft cnrf lumifocfs.

• Fhfrkiok trfoms io tdf klhiok iomustry wiaa jf usfm tn tdf lmvlotlkf ng krnups

cnhhittfm tn tfrrnriziok snciftifs tn lcdifvf tdfir knlas. ‡‡

]frrnrist

nrkloizltinos dlvf larflmy mfhnostrltfm tdf clpljiaity tn utiaizf tfcdonankiclalmvlocfs tn fodlocf tdfir npfrltinos ls mfhnostrltfm witd tdfir fxtfosivf usf ng

tdf Iotfroftaxvi

. Ls fhfrkiok trfoms cnhf tn gruitino io jurkfnoiok hlrefts, it isnoay l hlttfr ng tihf jfgnrf tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos gurtdfr fxpanit tdfsf trfoms io

tdf klhiok splcf gnr sihialr purpnsfs.

• ]df huatipaf usfs ng lo fxplomfm klhf splcf wiaa jf ouhfrnus, lom grnh tdf

tfrrnrists' pfrspfctivf, iovlauljafaxvii

. ]frrnrist wiaa jf ljaf usf tdf fodlocfm

klhf splcf tn cnomuct l rlokf ng npfrltinos, grnh suppnrtiok strltfkic prnplkloml lom iogaufocf lctivitifs, tn hnrf dikday iostruhfotla usfs sucd lscnhhuoicltino, guomrlisiok lom rfcruithfot.

§§

Fhfrkiok trfoms io tdf klhiok iomustry wiaa cnotiouf tn mrivf cuaturf, tfcdonanky

lom crfltivity io jntd hlturf lom prfvinusay uotlppfm hlrefts. ]dfy lrf fxpfctfm tn

sfrvf ls l cltlayst gnr tdf klhiok iomustry’s rlpim krnwtd lcrnss lkf, kfomfr lom

cuaturla jnuomlrifs.

• Hloy fhfrkiok klhiok trfoms lrf foljafm jy tdf sprflm ng fxistiok

tfcdonankifs lom tdf lmvfot ng ofw nofs. ]drff hlbnr tfcdonankicla mrivfrs

prnpfaaiok tdf klhiok iomustry iotn uotlppfm hlrefts wiaa jf tdf miggusino ng jrnlmjlom Iotfroft lccfss, tdf hlturltino ng tdf hnjiaf paltgnrh, lom tdf gruitino

ng rfailjaf wirfafss cnhhuoicltino oftwnres sucd ls ]dirm Kfofrltino (3K) lomGnurtd Kfofrltino (=K) oftwnres. Cnaafctivfay, tdfsf trfoms wiaa ihprnvf lccfss

lom hlef noaiof klhiok io olscfot hlrefts l rflaity.

• Fhfrkiok trfoms wiaa cnotiouf tn spur tdf klhiok splcf fosuriok its krnwtd

cnotioufs lt oflr fxpnofotila rltfs.***

Fvimfocf ng trfoms spurriok tdf klhiok

iomustry clo jf sffo io tdf krnwtd ng virtula wnrams aief Aioflkf, Fvfrqufst,

[nram ng [lrcrlgt ([N[) lom Sfcnom Aigf. Dukfay pnpualr, tdfsf virtula wnrams

dlvf fvnavfm muf tn tfcdonankicla lmvlocfs sucd ls tdf fvnautino io Cnhputiok

Prncfssiok Voits (CPVs) lom Krlpdics Prncfssiok Voits (KPVs), pfle tdrnukdput‡‡

Kljrifa [fihloo hlefs tdis pniot rfklrmiok tdf Iotfroft jut dis lrkuhfot clo jf fxtfomfm tn tdf klhf

splcf muf tn hloy sihialritifs jftwffo tdf twn hfmiuhs. Gnr hnrf iognrhltino, sff [fihloo, Kljrifa.

"www.tfrrnr.oft2 Dnw Hnmfro ]frrnrish Vsfs tdf Iotfroft" Voitfm Stltfs Iostitutf ng Pflcf, Spfcila

Zfpnrt <<7.

*** Noaiof klhiok dls jffo krnwiok lt rlpim rltfs io jntd hlturf lom olscfot hlrefts, io plrticualr witdio

Wirtula [nrams. Fvimfocf clo jf sffo io jntd tdf rfvfouf kfofrltfm jy tdf klhiok iomustry lom tdf sdffr

ouhjfr ng klhfrs wdicd crnss cuaturla, kfomfr lom lkf jnuomlrifs.





Plkf ==

pnwfr, tdf sprflm ng jrnlmjlom Iotfroft lccfss, lom tdf iotfkrltino ngcnhhuoicltino tfcdonankifs. Ofwfr tfcdonankifs lom fhfrkiok cnosuhfr uslkf

plttfros lrf fxpfctfm tn cnotiouf tn spur krnwtd io tdf guturf witdio tdf klhioksfctnr.

• Cdlokfs dlvf nccurrfm lt l rlpim plcf witdio tdf klhiok splcf lom fhfrkiok trfoms iomicltf hnrf cdlokfs lrf gnrtdcnhiok

axviii . Hloy trfoms wiaa cdlokf dnw

palyfrs iotfrlct witd klhfs lom witd flcd ntdfr tdrnukd klhfs ls trfoms cnhf tngruitino. Ls iotfrlctivf klhiok cdlokfm dnw lo fotirf kfofrltino slw itsfag io

rfaltino tn tdf wnram io hlturf hlrefts, it wiaa lasn aiefay cdlokf dnw kfofrltinossff tdfhsfavfs io olscfot hlrefts.

†††

• ]df nvfrlaa ihplct ng fhfrkiok trfoms io jurkfnoiok hlrefts is fxpfctfm tn

hirrnr tdf fxpfrifocf ng hnrf hlturf hlrefts, tdnukd hlrefm miggfrfocfs wiaa

fxist. Klhiok wiaa jfcnhf l pnwfrgua hfmiuh, palyiok lo ihpnrtlot dnst tn l

rlokf ng nrmiolry duhlo lgglirs, plrticualray io tdf noaiof splcf. ‡‡‡

Aief tdfVoitfm Stltfs lom Lsilo fxpfrifocf, tdf aiof jftwffo tdf virtula lom rfla wnram

wiaa jaur gnr snhf lom jfcnhf ono-fxistfot gnr ntdfrsaxix. Dnwfvfr, onticfljafmiggfrfocfs wiaa fhfrkf, plrticualray io cnosuhfr uslkf plttfros sucd ls klhiok

paltgnrhs (i.f. pfrsnola cnhputfrs, cnosnafs, lom dlomdfam mfvicfs) lom lccfsshftdnms (i.f. Iotfroft Clgfs lom wirfafss oftwnres) muf tn tdf aihitltinos

lssnciltfm witd fxistiok iogrlstructurfs lom cnsts ng mfpanyiok ofw nofs.§§§

††† ]df ihplct ng iotfrlctivf klhiok dls prngnuom fggfcts jfynom tdf klhf splcf. Fvimfocf clo jf sffo io

dnw klhfrs aflro, prnjafh snavf lom rfaltf tn tdf rfla wnram. Gnr hnrf iognrhltino no tdis trfom sff [iaa

[rikdt's pifcf "Mrflh Hlcdiofs." [irfm Hlklziof, Issuf <=.0= Lpria :007 lom tdf gnaanwiok Cyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs Prncffmioks - Pfrspfctivfs grnh tdf Fotfrtliohfot Iomustry, SLIC, Hly :0065

Iosikdts grnh Siaicno Wlaafy2 Foljaiok ]fcdonankifs. SLIC, Hlrcd :0075 lom Iosikdts grnh Fotfrtliohfot

lom Klhiok2 ]df Cnovfrkfocf ng Olrrltivf, Ihlkfry, lom Cyjfr Hfmil, SLIC, Sfptfhjfr :007.‡‡‡

Gnr lo fxcfaafot lolaysis no tdf rlokf ng lctivitifs tdlt lrf nccurriok io noaiof klhiok, plrticualray

virtula wnrams, sff Clstrnonvl, Fmwlrm. Syotdftic [nrams2 ]df Jusiofss lom Cuaturf ng Noaiof Klhfs.§§§

Hlreft lolaysts prfmict strnok krnwtd io ofw rfkinos no miggfrfot klhiok paltgnrhs lom lccfss hftdnms

io ofw hlrefts muf tn fxistiok iogrlstructurfs. Gnr hnrf iognrhltino sff, ‑Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil

Nutanne2 :007-:0<0. Pricf [ltfr Dnusf Cnnpfrs lom ]df :007 Himmaf Flst ]fafcnhs, Hnjiaf lom

Jrnlmjlom Zfpnrt.




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf =6

Fhfrkiok ]rfoms

]df gnaanwiok trfoms lrf fxpfctfm tn sikoigiclotay fxtfom tdf klhiok splcf io hlturf lom olscfot hlrefts, crfltiok l pnwfrgua hfmiuh lolanknus tn tdf iotfroft gnr

tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos tn rflcd lom tlrkft cnrf lumifocfs.

• [diaf gnrtdcnhiok trfoms io tdf klhiok splcf dlvf jffo sfplrltfm iotn vlrinussfctinos gnr lolaysis, tdfrf is cnosimfrljaf nvfralp jftwffo tdfh io tdlt nof trfomngtfo foljafs tdf ntdfr nr is mfpfomfot no tdf ntdfr tn cnhf tn gruitino.

Jrnlmjlom Miggusino

]df sprflm ng jrnlmjlom iotfroft lccfss wiaa jf l hlbnr foljafr gnr noaiof klhiok

lom its fxplosino iotn prfvinusay uotlppfm hlrefts.

• Nof ng tdf hnst rfailjaf distnricla iomicltnrs gnr tdf krnwtd ng noaiof klhiok isdikd spffm Iotfroft lccfss.axx Jrnlmjlom krnwtd rltfs io tdf Voitfm Stltfs lomLsil dlvf plrlaafafm sihialr krnwtd rltfs io noaiof klhiok, hleiok tdf fxpfrifocfio hlturf klhiok hlrefts iognrhltivf ng wdlt clo jf fxpfctfm io krnwiokhlrefts.

• Furnpflo, Himmaf Flstfro, lom Lgriclo (FHFL) hlrefts lrf fxpfctfm tn sff tdf jikkfst krnwtd io noaiof klhiok witd tdf iocrflsfm pfoftrltino ng dikd spffmIotfroft lccfss.axxi Hlreft lolaysts fxpfct tdf ouhjfr ng noaiof klhf plrticiplotsio tdf FHFL hlreft tn hnrf tdlo qulmrupaf grnh = hiaaino io :006 tn <4 hiaainoio :0<0 krnwiok lt l cnhpnuom rltf ng 36.<%.

axxii ]df prnbfctino ng jrnlmjlom

lccfss is l hlbnr rflsno iomustry lolaysts sff tdf FHFL ls tdf glstfst krnwiok

hlreft io tdf klhiok iomustry iocrflsiok jy l cnhpnuom looula rltf ng <3 %surplssiok VS$;.7 jiaaino io :006 lom rflcdiok VS$<3.9 jiaaino jy :0<0.axxiii

• FHFL hlrefts wiaa hirrnr tdf fxplosino ng jrnlmjlom Iotfroft lccfss lom noaiofklhiok io hnrf hlturf hlrefts, dnwfvfr, its lmnptino wiaa dlvf snhf hlrefmmiggfrfocfs. Iomustry lolaysts fxpfct tdf krnwtd ng dikd spffm Iotfroft tn ioitilaay jf hnrf aihitfm tn Iotfroft Clgfs io tdf Himmaf Flst lom Lgricl ls nppnsfm tniomivimula dnusfdnams muf tn tdf fxpfosf lssnciltfm witd mfpanyiok gixfm-aiof nr—wirfm’ iogrlstructurfs. Cnosfqufotay, iomustry lolaysts fxpfct jrnlmjlomwirfafss snautinos tn paly l alrkfr rnaf io mriviok klhiok io tdfsf hlrefts, plrticualray witd tdf aluocd ng ]dirm Kfofrltino (3K) wirfafss sfrvicfs.





Plkf =7

Jrnlmjlom Krnwtd Mrivfs Noaiof Klhiok axxiv

:00: :003 :00= :006p :007p :00;p :004p :009p :0<0p CLKZ*

Jrnlmjlom Sujscrijfrs -

V.S. 7:.0 =6.< 34.3 ::.: <;.7 <6.: <<.6 <<.3 9.9 <3.<0

Noaiof Wimfn Klhf

Sujscrijfrs - V.S. ;;.4 ;6.0 60.0 34.< 3:.4 :=.; :0.4 <7.= <=.4 :<.;Jrnlmjlom Sujscrijfrs –

Lsil 4=.7 6=.: 7:.: 34.3 :7.6 :;.7 ::.= <7.6 <3.7 :<.:

Noaiof Wimfn Klhf

Sujscrijfrs - Lsil <33.3 ;<.= 77.; 60.0 33.3 :6.0 3:.0 :=.: <9.6 :7.;

Jrnlmjlom Sujscrijfrs -

FHFL <06.4 ;6.; <<3.3 3<.: :7.= :0.0 <7.3 <:.7 <0.9 <;.<

Noaiof Wimfn Klhf

Sujscrijfrs - FHFL <60.0 <40.0 ;4.7 70.0 60.0 60.0 33.3 :6.0 :0.0 36.<

*CLKZ 8 Cnhpnuom Looula Krnwtd Zltf

Fxdijit =-<2 Cnhplrisno ng Jrnlmjlom lom Noaiof Klhiok

Krnwtd Zltfs io VS, Lsil lom FHFL hlrefts.

]df lmvfot ng dikd spffm iotfroft lccfss guomlhfotlaay trlosgnrhfm klhiok iotn l

truay oftwnrefm fxpfrifocf hleiok klhiok lo noaiof sncila fxpfrifocf.

• Jrnlmjlom cnoofctivity hlefs tdf stfrfntypf ng tdf anofay klhfr spfomiok anok

dnurs io sncila isnaltino on anokfr tfoljaf. [dlt nocf wls l rfaltivfay stlom lanoflppaicltino no tdf flray pfrsnola cnhputfrs lom cnosnaf klhiok paltgnrhs is onw

jfcnhiok iocrflsiokay sncila witd tdf krnwtd ng Ancla Lrfl Oftwnre (ALO)klhfs lom tdf fxplosino ng Hlssivfay Huatipalyfr Noaiof Klhfs (HHNK).

Klhiok is onw l sncila fxpfrifocf witd usfrs iotfrlctiok witd ntdfrs io tdf klhf

(i.f. tflhs, calos, lom kuiams), noaiof io ntdfr cyjfr hfmiuhs (i.f. wfj sitfs,hfsslkf jnlrms lom sncila oftwnreiok sitfs), lom io cyjfrclgés.

• Fvimfocf is fhfrkiok ng l jummiok noaiof klhiok cuaturf io Cfotrla, Snutdflst,lom Snutdwfst Lsil pnwfrfm jy jrnlmjlom Iotfroft lccfss. Hloy namfr jut

fomuriok titafs lrf jfiok palyfm jy klhfrs lt ouhfrnus Iotfroft clgfs.Cnuotfrstrief is palyfm fxtfosivfay tdrnukdnut tdf rfkino witd klhfrs

plrticipltiok grnh Pleistlo, Vzjfeistlo, Elzledstlo, ]urehfoistlo, Voitfm LrljFhirltfs, Euwlit, Slumi Lrljil, Bnrmlo, Fkypt, Irlo, Hlalysil lom Iomnofsil.

****

Lasn, Euhl Klhfs iomicltfm tdlt :0% ng its tntla lumifocf nrikioltfm io tdfHimmaf Flst rfkino witd sikoigiclot lhnuots ng klhf trlggic cnhiok grnh Fkypt

**** Cnuotfr-Strief is cnosimfrfm tdf hnst pnpualr noaiof girst-pfrsno sdnntfr (GPS) klhf io tdf wnram witd

tdf hnrf tdlo :00,000 palyfrs palyiok sihuatlofnusay lom cnotrijutiok hnrf tdlo 6.6 jiaaino hioutfs ng

palyiok tihf flcd hnotd no tdf nggicila oftwnre cnosistiok ng hnrf tdlo <00,000 sfrvfrs. Cnuotfr-Strief is

palyfm fxtfosivfay tdrnukdnut Cfotrla, Snutdflst, lom Snutdwfst Lsil io lmmitino tn tdf cnrf V.S.,

Furnpflo lom Lsilo hlrefts.





Plkf =4

Fxdijit =- =2 [irfafss Kfofrltinos2 ]fcdonanky,

Spffm lom Gflturfs

• Hnrf hlturf hlrefts tdlt dlvf lcdifvfm rfailjaf, dikd spffm wirfafss lccfss

rfprfsfot wdlt tdf hnjiaf klhiok splcf cnuam anne aief witd tdf miggusino nghnrf lmvlocfm wirfafss oftwnres. Hnjiaf klhiok dls ganurisdfm io tdfsf hlrefts

witd Blplo rfprfsfotiok tdf jfocdhlre ng hnjiaf klhiok wdfrf oflray 90% ng its

cfaa pdnof-nwoiok pnpualtino palys vimfn klhfs.

axxvii

[irfafss Krnwtd Mrivfs Noaiof Klhiok

:003 :00= :006p :007p :00;p :004p :009p :0<0p CLKZ*

[irfafss ]fafpdnoy

Sujscrijfrs - V.S. -3.7 -33.3 -:3.4 -<=.0 -:=.; -<6.7 -:<.= -9.7 ;.6

[irfafss klhf sujscrijfrs -

V.S. -37.0 <=.4 -34.3 -30.9 =.: -<4.9 -:7.6 -<;.3 3;.<

[irfafss ]fafpdnoy

Sujscrijfrs - Lsil -=7.= -7.; -:6.0 -33.3 -:6.0 :4.0 -:=.: -<9.6 <:.7

[irfafss klhf sujscrijfrs -

Lsil -:4.= =9.; -;:.6 -<6.: -:=.3 -<4.6 -::.7 -<3.6 3<.4

[irfafss ]fafpdnoy

Sujscrijfrs - FHFL :0.0 -67.3 -:3.7 -<7.; 0.0 -33.3 -:6.0 -:0.0 =.0[irfafss klhf sujscrijfrs -

FHFL <00.0 <66.9 ;9.3 7;.9 =3.9 3:.< :6.6 :<.< 3;.<

*CLKZ 8 Cnhpnuom Looula Krnwtd Zltf

Fxdijit =-32 Cnhplrisno ng [irfafss Oftwnres lom Noaiof

Klhiok Krnwtd Zltfs io VS, Lsil lom FHFL hlrefts.

Gnurtd Kfofrltino (=K) wirfafss oftwnres wiaa foljaf rfailjaf dikd spffm wirfafss

klhiok surplssiok hloy ng tdf currfot jrnlmjlom lccfss spffms

• Fvfo tdnukd 3K dls yft tn guaay fhfrkf

io hloy plrts ng tdf wnram, hnrfsnpdisticltfm oftwnres lrf larflmy jfiok

dypntdfsizfm lom tfstfm tn hnvf jfynom3K. ]fstiok io Blplo no l =K prntntypf

prnvfm mltl trlosgfr spffms cnuam jflcdifvfm rflcdiok <00 Hfkljits pfr

sfcnom wdiaf hnviok lom < Kikljytf pfr sfcnom wdiaf stltic.

axxviii Sucd

spffms wnuam foljaf l usfr tn mnwoanlm

l MWM witdio nof hioutf.

• L hlbnr iodijitnr ng mfpanyiok 3K

oftwnres dls jffo tdf fhfrkfocf ng tnnhloy stlomlrms witdio tdf iomustry

aflmiok snhf cnuotrifs tn cnnpfrltf nonof stlomlrm. Blplo lom Cdiol rfcfotay

sikofm l hfhnrlomuh tn cnnpfrltf no




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf =9

mfvfanpiok lom rnaaiok nut l cnhhnostlomlrm witd l knla ng mfpanyiok l =Koftwnre jy :0<0. axxix

[irfafss klhiok wiaa jf hnrf prfmnhiolot tdlo —wirfm’ klhiok io snhf hlrefts

wdfrf fxistiok cfaaualr iogrlstructurfs lrf hnrf prfvlafot.

• [irfafss oftwnres lrf glstfr lom cdflpfr io Furnpf lom Lsil wdfrf cfaaualroftwnres lrf hnrf ljuomlot tdlo gixfm aiof iogrlstructurfs, aflmiok hloyiomustry fxpfrts tn prnbfct sikoigiclot krnwtd io tdf wirfafss klhiok iomustry.Ls sucd hloy cnuotrifs wiaa juiam upno fxistiok cfaaualr oftwnres tleiok hlreftsdlrf grnh mfcaioiok gixfm-aiof hlrefts. ]dis trfom clo larflmy jf sffo io plrtsng tdf Himmaf Flst, fspfcilaay io Slumi Lrljil, Nhlo lom \ltlr wdfrf tdfy lrftfstiok 3K sfrvicfs gnaanwiok its succfssgua iotrnmuctino io Jldrlio lomIsrlfa.axxx

• ]df fhfrkfocf ng [i-Gi dnt spnts lrf lasn lo ihpnrtlot mfvfanphfot gnrklhiok. Io hloy plrts ng tdf wnram, citifs lrf mfpanyiok [i-Gi dnt spnts tniocrflsf oftwnre cnoofctivity lom io snhf iostlocfs klhiok cnhploifs lrf plrtofriok witd tfafcnhhuoicltinos girhs. Gnr iostlocf, Oiotfomn rfcfotay plrtofrfm witd J] Npfoznof tn fstljaisd dnt spnts io tdf VE tn foljaf hnjiafklhiok.axxxi

]df Hlturltino ng tdf Hnjiaf Paltgnrh

Zlpim krnwtd ng tdf hnjiaf hlreft io hlturf lom fhfrkiok rfkinos wiaa fxplom tdf

rflcd ng tdf hnjiaf klhiok splcf fxpnofotilaay.

• Strnok krnwtd is fxpfctfm io tdf hnjiaf sfctnr witd fxplosino rltfs rlokiokgrnh 30% tn 36% l yflr, jriokiok tdf iomustry’s vlauf tn lo fstihltfm wnrtd ngVS$7 jiaaino jy :0<0.axxxii Zlpim krnwtd io tdf hnjiaf iomustry wiaa cnotiouf tn jf spurrfm jy tdf fxpansino ng —mltl’ lppaicltinos (i.f. tfxt, riok tnofs, strflhiokvimfn) tn iocaumf klhiok lom tdf gurtdfr cnovfrkfocf ng tdfsf lppaicltinos,trlosgnrhiok tdf cfaaualr pdnof iotn lo iotfkrltfm hnjiaf paltgnrh hnviok wfaa jfynom vnicf.

axxxiii Sucd krnwtd wiaa fxplom jntd tdf hnjiaf hlreft lom io turo

tdf hnjiaf klhiok splcf.

• Klhiok dls larflmy jfcnhf l hlbnr palyfr io tdf hnjiaf splcf cnhpftiok witdntdfr pnpualr mltl lppaicltinos. Alst yflr hlrefm tdf girst tihf cnosuhfrs spfothnrf mnwoanlmiok klhfs tdlo rioktnofs, l sikoigiclot hiafstnof cnosimfriok tdf pnpualrity ng rioktnofs wnramwimf.axxxiv

• ]df fxplosino ng tdf klhiok iomustry io fhfrkiok lom ofw rfkinos is lasnfxpfctfm tn mrivf tdf krnwtd ng tdf hnjiaf klhiok sfctnr.axxxv





Plkf 60

]df pfoftrltino ng ofxt kfofrltino klhf foljafm mfvicfs witd iotfroft lccfss

clpljiaitifs lom fodlocfm krlpdics wiaa glciaitltf tdf krnwtd ng wirfafss klhiok.

• ]df ouhjfr ng klhf foljafm mfvicfs is fxpfctfm tn krnw rlpimay grnh ljnut =0%

ng tdf : jiaaino mfvicfs lvlialjaf wnramwimf tnmly tn ljnut 9;% ng laa hnjiaf

mfvicfs snam io :004.

axxxvi

]dfrf wfrf 700 hiaaino hnjiaf mfvicfs snam alst yflrlanof cnhplrfm tn 300 hiaaino cnosnafs snam io tdf :6-yflr distnry ng tdfvimfnklhf iomustry.

axxxvii

• ]df iocrflsiok snpdisticltino ng ofw dlomsfts wiaa hlef gnr l hnrf

fobnyljaf lom ihhfrsivf klhiok fxpfrifocf, tdfrfjy fxplomiokwirfafss klhiok. Currfotay, hnst hnjiaf klhfs lrf sihpaf lom lrf

sihialr tn klhfs mfvfanpfm gnr cnosnafs l mfclmf lkn jfclusf tdfkrlpdics clpljiaitifs ng dlomsfts lrf stiaa rfaltivfay aihitfm. Dnwfvfr,

ofxt kfofrltino mfvicfs lrf onw jfiok mfsikofm lom hlreftfm tndikdaikdt tdfir klhiok gflturfs aief tdf Slhsuok SKD-J=60.

axxxviii

• Io lmmitino tn hnjiaf pdnofs, pnrtljaf klhiok cnosnafs aief tdf

Oiotfomn MS (Mula Scrffo) lom Snoy PSP wiaa iocrflsiokay jfcnhf lo ihpnrtlot plrt ng tdf hnjiaf klhiok splcf.

]df fxplosino ng tdf klhf splcf wiaa jf mrivfo io l alrkf plrt jy hnjiaf klhiok.

• L dukf altfot mfhlom fxists gnr hnjiaf klhiok witd noay 6 % ng pfnpaf wdn nwo

l pdnof fvfr mnwoanlmiok l klhf lom 60% lctulaay fvfr palyiok l klhf.axxxix

Sucd pfrcfotlkfs sukkfst l dukf uotlppfm hlreft sfkhfot tdlt is vfry

focnurlkiok tn tdf guturf ng hnjiaf klhiok kivfo tdf ouhjfr ng sujscrijfrs lomdlomsfts lvlialjaf wnramwimf.

• Fvimfocf ng tdf dnw tdf klhf splcf wiaa jf mrivfo jy hnjiaf klhiok nccurrfm

rfcfotay wdfo gnr tdf girst tihf hnrf klhfs wfrf palyfm no hnjiaf mfvicfs tdlono cnosnaf klhfs io :007.

xc Io tfrhs ng rfvfoufs, ng cnursf, cnosnaf klhiok is glr

krfltfr, jut tdf ihpnrtlocf ng tdis fvfot io hnjiaf klhiok cloont jfuomfrfstihltfm kivfo tdlt tdf klhiok iomustry is alrkfay mrivfo jy cnosnaf

klhiok. Hnrf klhfs jfiok palyfm no hnjiaf mfvicfs rfprfsfots l sdigt io wdltglctnrs wiaa mrivf tdf fxplosino ng tdf klhf splcf io yflrs tn cnhf.

• ]df sikoigiclot miggfrfocf io tdf hnjiaf klhiok hlreft, ls nppnsf tn tdf pfrsnola

cnhputfr lom cnosnaf sfctnrs, is tdlt tdf —wnuam jf klhfr’ larflmy nwos lomclrrifs tdf paltgnrh no wdicd tdfy clo paly tdf klhf. Hnjiaf mfvicfs lasn tfom tn

jf hnrf iotihltf mfvicfs tn tdfir usfrs, lawlys lvlialjaf lom lawlys no.xci

Lsofwfr, hnrf lmvlocfm tfcdonankifs lrf mfpanyfm, hlreft lolaysts fxpfct

trlmitinola sfctnrs aief tdf pfrsnola cnhputfr tn ansf krnuom tn hnjiaf paltgnrhs.

xcii

Fxdijit =-62 Slhsuok SKD-J=60





Plkf 6<

]df lvlialjiaity lom rlokf ng hnjiaf klhiok cnotfot wiaa iocrflsf io tdf cnhiok

yflrs.

• ]df iomustry is onw hnviok lwly grnh prfanlmfm klhfs tn hnmfas wdfrf klhfs

lrf rfquirfm tn jf mnwoanlmfm nvfr tdf Iotfroft grnh clrrifrs lom tdirm plrty prnvimfrs. Sucd l hnvf sdnuam foljaf hnrf tdirm plrty hnjiaf klhf prnvimfrslom mistrijutnrs tn fotfr tdf hlreft splcf, iocrflsiok jntd tdf lvlialjiaity lom

rlokf ng hnjiaf klhiok cnotfot. Hnrfnvfr, it wiaa laanw nrkloizltinos tn mirfctayhlreft hnjiaf klhfs tn fom usfrs.

• Lo fxlhioltino ng hnrf hlturf hlrefts sukkfsts tdlt klhiok wiaa hnvf jfynom

clsula klhiok aflmiok tn gurtdfr krnwtd io tdf iomustry. Blplo rfprfsfots tdfcurrfot jfocdhlre wdfrf hloy usfrs lrf palyiok hnrf tdlo bust clsula klhfs no

tdfir hnjiaf mfvicfs.xciii

Lo fxcfptinolaay alrkf ouhjfr ng klhfs lrf lihfm ltwdlt wnuam jf cnosimfrfm cnosnaf lom dlrm cnrf klhfrs, hleiok tdf hnjiaf

pdnof io Blplo ls hucd l klhfs paltgnrh ls loy cnosnaf.

xciv

• Snhf klhiok fxpfrts sukkfst tdlt huatipalyfr klhfs lrf tdf ofxt jik tdiok iohnjiaf klhiok ls tdfy lttfhpt tn rfcrfltf virtula wnrams gnr hnjiaf mfvicfs,

wdiaf ntdfr lolaysts sukkfst tdlt tdf ofxt jik jrflenut klhf wnuam jf l hnjiafklhf tdlt afvfrlkfs tdf pnwfr ng hnjiaf oftwnres lom mfvicfs iotfkrltiok

gflturfs aief vnicf lom KPS iotn tdf klhf.xcv [diaf iomustry aflmfrs dlvfmiggfrfot vifws, laa lrf sflrcdiok gnr tdf hnjiaf klhf tdlt wiaa mrivf tdf hnjiaf

paltgnrh sihialr tn dnw tdf Dlan, Hlmmfo Gnntjlaa lom Rfaml grlocdisfs mrnvfslafs ng tdf Tjnx, Paly Stltino : lom Oiotfomn klhiok cnosnafs rfspfctivfay.

xcvi

Sucd l klhf wnuam prnvf iovlauljaf tn fxplomiok tdf hnjiaf klhiok hlreft.

• ]df seiaas rfquirfm gnr l succfssgua hnjiaf klhf prnkrlhhfr lrf ontiosurhnuotljaf lom iocaumf eonwafmkf ng Blvl lom B:HF, JZF[, Syhjilo NS,

NpfoKA FS, lom/nr Hnpduo. [diaf l seiaafm prnkrlhhfr wnuam currfotay jfrfquirfm tn mfvfanp l hnjiaf klhf usiok nof ng tdf lgnrfhfotinofm prnkrlhs, tdf

iotrnmuctino ng himmafwlrf nr klhf hnmigicltino sngtwlrf io tdf cnhiok yflrssdnuam foljaf l jrnlmfr krnup tn crfltf cnhpfaaiok cnotfot gnr hnjiaf klhfs.

]df Zisf ng Wirtula [nrams

Wirtula wnrams wiaa prnvimf tdf krfltfst nppnrtuoitifs tn suppnrt tfrrnrist npfrltinos,

plrticualray io tdf lrfls ng cnhhuoicltino, cnnrmioltino, rfcruithfot lom guomrlisiok

lctivitifs.§§§§ Ls virtula wnrams fxplom, tfrrnrist nppnrtuoitifs tn fxpanit tdfh wiaa lasniocrflsf.

§§§§ Gnr l hnrf io mfptd anne lt tdf vlrinus wlys tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos clo fxpanit tdf klhf splcf sff lo

flraifr plpfr prnmucfm io tdis sfrifs "Fxpanitltino lom Guoctino ng Klhfs2 Lo Iotfrlctivf Iogaufocf

Hfmiuh." SLIC. Sfptfhjfr, :007.




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf 6:

• Wirtula wnrams wiaa jfcnhf l pnwfrgua hfmiuh io olscfot hlrefts hirrnrioklmnptino lom cnosuhptino plttfros io hnrf hlturf hlrefts. Ls virtula wnramsfxplom, tdfy wiaa iocrflsiokay paly lo ihpnrtlot dnst tn l rlokf ng nrmiolryduhlo lgglirs io wdicd plrticiplots hly cnhhuoicltf, cnnrmioltf, sncilaizf,trlio, aflro, sihualtf, fxpfrihfot, juiam, prnsfaytizf lom fvfo jlrtfr virtula

knnms.

xcvii

]df fhfrkfocf ng virtula wnrams dls sikoigiclot cnosfqufocfs jfclusf fvfots

witdio tdf virtula splcf lt tihfs cloont jf isnaltfm grnh tdf rfla wnram, aflmiok snhf tn

sukkfst tdlt tdf aiof jftwffo tdf ‑virtula‘ lom ‑rfla‘ wnram is jaurriok, fvfo jfcnhiok

ono-fxistfot. ]dis pdfonhfono clo jfst jf sffo io l virtula wnram’s sncila iotfrlctinos,fxpfrihfotla aflroiok lom vlauf ng virtula knnms lom sfrvicfs.

• Sncila iotfrlctinos nccurriok io virtula wnrams lrf ont sihualtinos ng duhloiotfrlctinos, rltdfr tdfy lrf duhlo iotfrlctinos hfrfay fxtfomfm io l ofwgnruh.

***** Wirtula wnrams lrf palcfs pfnpaf imfotigy witd lom wdfrf rfla lom

alstiok jnoms gnrh, gnr hloy jfcnhiok lo ihpnrtlot snurcf ng hltfrila lomfhntinola wfaa jfiok. Lvltlrs jfcnhf l rfprfsfotltino ng nofs imfotigy lomihhfrsino iotn tdf virtula wnram iocrflsfs tdf imfotity tdlt nof gffas tn tdf virtulasfag. ]dis cnoofctino witd tdf virtula wnram iovnefs hloy ng tdf slhf psycdnankicla trikkfrs ls io tdf rfla wnram xcviii. Gnr iostlocf, rfciprncity lom aieiokfxtfosivfay cnhf iotn paly io rfaltinosdip gnrhltinoxcix lom tdf prncfss ngmfvfanpiok nofs lvltlr sffhs tn iovnef fxlctay tdf slhf rise lom rfwlrmstructurfs io tdf jrlio tdlt lrf iovnefm jy pfrsnola mfvfanphfot io tdf rflawnram.c Ls virtula wnrams jfcnhf hnrf ihhfrsivf lom fxplom iotn ofwfrhlrefts, tdf ouhjfr ng klhfrs wdn imfotigy witd lom gnrh rfaltinosdips witdiotdfsf splcfs wiaa fxplom.

• ]df fxplosino ng virtula wnrams wiaa prnvimf l splcf gnr fxpfrihfotla aflroiok tnmfvfanp eonwafmkf nr dnof l plrticualr seiaa sft witd prlcticla lppaicljiaity io tdfrfla wnram. Gnr iostlocf, jfcnhiok lo fggfctivf aflmfr ng l kuiam lhnuots tn l‑tntla-ihhfrsino‘ cnursf io aflmfrsdip – kuiam aflmfrs lrf rfquirfm tn jf lmfpt lthloy seiaas tn iocaumf ‑lttrlctiok, fvlaultiok lom rfcruitiok ofw hfhjfrs5crfltiok lpprfoticfsdip prnkrlhs5 nrcdfstrltiok krnup strltfky5 lom lmbumicltiokmisputfs.‘ci Ljsfot tdf virtula surrnuomioks, tdfsf seiaas lrf prfrfquisitfs tnhlolkiok lom aflmiok loy nrkloizltino.cii

• Wirtula knnms, sfrvicfs lom currfocifs dlvf rfla wnram vlauf fxcffmiok VS$<00hiaaino kanjlaay. ]rlmfs nccur io klhfs lhnok palyfrs, jftwffo palyfrs lom tdf prfsft klhf vfomnrs, lom no tdirm plrty sitfs aief F-Jly, IKF lom ouhfrnus ntdfrsitfs. Currfot fstihltfs iomicltf tdlt l alrkf mfhlom gnr iotlokijaf knnms fxistswitdio tdf mikitla wnram vlaufm io tdf rlokf ng VS$< - $: jiaaino hleiok tdf vlaufng virtula knnms quitf rfla. Gnr iostlocf, l [nram ng [lrcrlgt ([N[) knam pifcf is

***** Fmwlrm Clstrnonvl nrikiolaay hlefs tdis pniot io rfklrms tn cnhhuoicltino nccurriok tdf virtula

splcf, dnwfvfr, it is lpprnpriltf tn fxtfom dis lrkuhfot tn laa gnrhs ng sncila iotfrlctino tdlt nccur witdio

virtula wnrams.





Plkf 63

vlaufm lt .=7 cfots tn tdf VS Mnaalr, hfloiok l [N[ knam pifcf is trlmfm ltdikdfr rltfs tn tdf VS Mnaalr tdfo rfla wnram currfocifs aief tdf Lakfrilo Miolr,

Irlqi Miolr, Fkyptilo Pnuom, Syrilo Pnuom, Pleistloi Zupff, Iomnofsilo Zupilds,lom Cdiofsf Yulo Zfohioji.

†††††

Wirtula [nram* VS Mnaalrs JritisdPnuoms Furn LakfriloMiolrs IomnofsiloZupilds

Mlre Lkf ng Clhfant 0.;< 0.37: 0.6=7 60.40: 7,=<7.66

[nram ng [lrcrlgt (VS) 0.=7 0.:36 0.36= 3:.9<= =,<6;.:0

[nram ng [lrcrlgt (FV) 0.033 0.0<74 0.0:6= :.37< :94.:3

Sfcnom Aigf 0.0<= 0.00;<< 0.0<0; 0.994 <:7.0;

Lutn Lssluat 0.0<3 0.00773 0.0<00 0.930 <<;.=9

Fvfrqufst 0.000:3; 0.000<:< 0.000<4: 0.0<; :.<=

Muokfnos lom Mrlknos 0.000<6 0.0000;76 0.000<<6 0.0<0; <.37

Fvfrqufst II 0.000<=4 0.0000;66 0.000<<= 0.0<07 <.3=

Giola Glotlsy TI 0.0000:79 0.0000<3; 0.0000:0; 0.00<9: 0.:=

Stlr [lrs Klalxifs 0.00000<0= 0.00000063 0.0000004 0.0000;== 0.0<

Wirtula [nram *Syrilo

PnuomsIrlqi Miolrs

Fkyptilo

Pnuoms

Pleistloi

Zupffs

Cdiofsf

Yulo

Zfohioji

Mlre Lkf ng Clhfant 3;.7:6 93;.064 =.0=4 =3.:6; 6.6=3

[nram ng [lrcrlgt (VS) :=.3;; 70;.<04 :.7:: :4.0:66 3.69<

[nram ng [lrcrlgt (FV) <.;=9 =3.663 0.<44 :.0<06 0.:64

Sfcnom Aigf 0.;39 <4.=<< 0.0;96 0.4=99 0.<09

Lutn Lssluat 0.749 <;.<6; 0.0;=< 0.;9:0 0.<0<

Fvfrqufst 0.0<:7 0.3<3 0.00<36 0.0<== 0.00<46

Muokfnos lom Mrlknos 0.00;96 0.<94 0.00047 0.009<= 0.00<<;

Fvfrqufst II 0.00;4= 0.<96 0.0004= 0.0090: 0.00<<7

Giola Glotlsy TI 0.00<=3 0.0366 0.000<63 0.00<7= 0.000:<

Stlr [lrs Klalxifs 0.000066< 0.00<3; 0.000007 0.000073= 0.000004<:

Fxdijit =-72 Fxcdlokf Zltf jftwffo Aflmiok Wirtula Currfocifs lom Zfla [nram Currfocifs‡‡‡‡‡

Wirtula wnrams lrf fxplomiok lt fxpnofotila rltfs rivlaiok tdf krnwtd ng fhlia

gigtffo yflrs lkn. Fxplosino io ofwfr hlrefts wiaa gurtdfr spur tdf krnwtd ng fxistiok

lom ofw virtula wnrams.

• Pnpualtinos io aflmiok virtula wnrams sucd ls Aioflkf II , Fvfr\ufst II lom [nram

ng [lrcrlgt lrf krnwiok lt pdfonhfola rltfs witd hloy wnrams fxcffmiok<00,000 sujscrijfrs lom snhf fvfo nof hiaaino.

ciii Lasn, tdf rltf lt wdicd ofw

virtula wnrams lrf lppflriok io tdf klhf splcf is lo lahnst fxlct hltcd tn

††††† Fxcdlokf rltfs gnr virtula currfocy lrf sujbfct tn tdf slhf suppay lom mfhlom ruafs tdlt fggfct rfla

currfocifs witd snhf vlriltinos sucd ls tdf klhf typf, tdf sfrvfr wdfrf tdf virtula currfocy rfsimfs, lom

tdf wfjsitf nr fxcdlokf jloe l klhfr usfs tn fxcdlokf tdf currfocifs.‡‡‡‡‡ SLIC utiaizfm currfot rltfs gnr virtula currfocifs grnh IKF tn clacualtf tdf fxcdlokf rltfs jftwffo

virtula currfocifs lom rfla wnram currfocifs wfrf clacualtfm no Bloulry, <<, :00;.





Plkf 6=

Hnnrf’s alw witd hloy wnrams fxcffmiok <00,000 sujscrijfrs lom snhf fvfo nofhiaaino.

civ

• ]df miggusino ng ofwfr CPVs lom KPVs cnupafm witd tdf fxplosino ng jrnlmjlom

Iotfroft lccfss io fhfrkiok hlrefts wiaa gufa cnotioufm krnwtd, plrticualray io

virtula wnrams. Prnbfctinos iomicltf rlpim krnwtd io virtula wnrams muriok tdfcnhiok yflrs witd hnrf tdlo <0 hiaaino noaiof klhf palyfrs io tdf V.S.(lpprnxihltfay tdf sizf ng Ofw Ynre City) lom 30 hiaaino klhfrs wnramwimf

(lpprnxihltfay tdf sizf ng Sdlokdli, Jnhjly lom Elrlcdi cnhjiofm).cv

]df jikkfst hlreft gnr virtula wnrams rfhlios Lsil cansfay gnaanwfm jy tdf Voitfm

Stltfs5 dnwfvfr, it is noay l hlttfr ng tihf jfgnrf ntdfr hlrefts jfcnhf hnrflctivf io noaiof klhiok.

• ]df fxplosino ng virtula wnrams lom tdf krnwtd rltf ng its pnpualtinos aflm snhf

tn sukkfst tdlt virtula wnrams hly snno jfcnhf tdf prihlry vfouf gnr laa noaioflctivity.

cvi ]df ihhfrsivf, pfrsistfot lom iotfrlctivf cdlrlctfristics ng virtula

wnrams wnuam foljaf cnhhuoicltino, sncilaizltino, lom cnnrmioltino io hnrffggfctivf wlys tdfo ntdfr hfmiuhs.

]df Fxpansino ng Vsfr Kfofrltfm Cnotfot

Vsfr kfofrltfm cnotfot wiaa fhfrkf ls l mriviok gnrcf io tdf klhiok splcf. It wiaa

jf foljafm jy tdf iocrflsfm lvlialjiaity ng sngtwlrf prnmucts lom prnkrlhhiok

gflturfs, anwfriok tdf jlrrifr ng fotry gnr usfrs tn latfr, hnmigy lom crfltf klhfs.

• ]df krnwiok lvlialjiaity ng himmafwlrf nr hnmigicltino prnkrlhs foljaf

iomivimulas tn hnmigy cnotfot (plrtila cnovfrsino) nr crfltf lo fotirfay ofw klhf

(l tntla cnovfrsino). Pnpualr himmafwlrf prnmucts iocaumf 3M wnram juiamiok plcelkfs sucd ls Kfofsis 3M, \ulef, Vorfla, lom Dlag-Aigf5 huatipalyfrlmvfoturf klhfs aief Lurnrl ]nnaeit5 lom systfhs gnr dlomaiok hlssivfay

huatipalyfr klhfs aief Jik[nram, Juttfrgay.oft, lom ]frlznol. ]dfsf himmafwlrf prnmucts dlvf jffo usfm tn crfltf succfssgua klhfs aief Cnuotfrstrief (Dlag-Aigf)

lom Lhfricl’s Lrhy (Vorfla)5 hnrf mujinus klhfs dlvf lasn jffo crfltfm sucdls Ftdoic Caflosiok (Kfofsis 3M), Vomfr Lsd lom Vomfr Sifkf (Kfofsis 3M) lom

Spfcila Gnrcf (Kfofsis 3M).

• ]dirm plrty sngtwlrf prnmucts lrf lvlialjaf lom clo jf purcdlsfm gnr l hlrkiolacnst, laanwiok usfrs tn crfltf l guaay-custnhizljaf lom flsy tn mfsiko klhf.

Prfanlmfm mfsiko plcelkfs laanw l usfr tn caice lom sfafct grnh l huatitumf ngklhiok scfolrins tn mfsiko tdfir nwo klhf. Hloy ng tdfsf typfs ng plcelkfs lrf

sihualtino plcelkfs mfsikofm tn trlio usfrs no kivfo sujbfcts. Nof sucd plcelkfnggfrfm jy Hnsjf foljafs l usfr tn crfltf l sihualtino tn prnvimf l paltgnrh

strltfky mfvfanphfot, fxpfrihfotltino, lom rfdflrsla. ]df plcelkf iocaumfs prfanlmfm hiaitlry, civiailo, lom fovirnohfotla sfttioks io Irlq, Syril, lom tdf





Enrflo Pfoiosual, ls wfaa ls duomrfms ng vfdicafs (lir lom krnuom cnhjlt, ls wfaals civiailo) lom wflpnos gnr fvfo hnrf lccurltf lom rflaistic sihualtinos.§§§§§

• Lo fhfrkiok trfom witdio cnotfot kfofrltino is usiok 3M vimfn klhf krlpdicstfcdonanky tn crfltf loihltfm giahs eonwo ls Hlcdioihl. Cnhjioiok lspfcts ng

giah hleiok, loihltino lom klhf mfsiko, Hlcdioihl laanws usfrs tn crfltf tdfirnwo giah cnhpaftf witd sfts, prnps, spfcila fggfcts, pants lom virtula lctnrs lt lhioihla cnst. Sngtwlrf prnmucts lasn laanw usfrs tn clpturf klhf vimfn tn prnmucf lom fmit io klhf fvfots. Nof ng tdf hnrf pnpualr pnaiticla Hlcdioihl pifcfs is Grfocd Mfhncrlcy, l mfpictino ng tdf :006 Grfocd rints grnh tdfHusaih pfrspfctivf.

• Dikd cnsts lssnciltfm witd mfvfanpiok klhfs ($:0-30 hiaaino pfr hlbnr titaf)dlvf afm hloy shlaafr pujaisdfrs no l pltd tn afvfrlkf usfr kfofrltfm cnotfot,dlrofssiok tdf usfrs’ crfltivity ls l rfsnurcf tn —pnpualtf’ tdf virtula splcf.Npfoiok scriptiok nptinos laanws usfrs tn script fvfots rlokiok grnh njbfct

cnotrna, tn lvltlr jfdlvinr, tn hioi-klhfs lom ntdfr cnhpafx prnkrlhs hleiokihlkioltino tdf noay aihitltino ng wdlt l rfsimfot clo crfltf io tdf virtula splcf.]dis prnvimfs l uoiquf nppnrtuoity gnr nrkloizltinos tn prnhntf kivfo lkfomls.

§§§§§ Gnr hnrf iognrhltino no HNSJF, sff ]SBNoaiof ‑L ]nnaeit gnr tdf Pfnpaf‘





Sfcnom Aigf Clsf Stumy2 Cnotfot Kfofrltino ls l Mriviok Gnrcf******

Lmvlocfs io Mikitla Zfomfriok

Lmvlocfs io mikitla rfomfriok lrf gnrtdcnhiok witd ihprnvfhfots io Krlpdics

Prncfssiok Voits (KPVs) lom rfomfriok laknritdhs tdlt wiaa foljaf klhf mfsikofrs tn crfltf hnrf aigf aief ihlkfs lom fxpfrifocfs, gurtdfr iocrflsiok tdf ihhfrsino ng

usfrs.

• Fxistiok KPVs lrf fxtrfhfay pnwfrgua io tfrhs ng cnhputiok pnwfr foljaiokklhf mfsikofrs tn rfomfr aigf aief ihlkfs io klhfs. Currfotay, anw fom KPVssurplss dikd fom CPVs jy lt aflst twn tn givf tihfs io l wimf vlrifty ngcnhputiok tlses. KPVs pfle tdrnukdput pnwfr lasn is krnwiok jy l glctnr ng twn

****** Sfcnom Aigf (ljjrfviltfm tn SA) is lo Iotfroft-jlsfm virtula wnram wdicd clhf tn iotfroltinola

lttfotino vil hliostrflh ofws hfmil io altf :007 lom flray :00;. Mfvfanpfm jy Aiomfo Alj, lmnwoanlmljaf caifot prnkrlh foljafs usfrs tn iotfrlct witd flcd ntdfr tdrnukd hntinola lvltlrs, prnvimiok

lo lmvlocfm afvfa ng l sncila oftwnre sfrvicf cnhjiofm witd kfofrla lspfcts ng l hftlvfrsf. [diaf SA is

snhftihfs rfgfrrfm tn ls l klhf, io kfofrla it mnfs ont dlvf pniots, scnrfs, wioofrs nr ansfrs, afvfas, lo

fom-strltfky, nr hnst ng tdf ntdfr cdlrlctfristics ng klhfs. Vsfrs, ngtfo claafm "rfsimfots", clo visit tdisvirtula wnram lahnst ls ig it wfrf l rfla palcf. ]dfy fxpanrf, hfft ntdfr rfsimfots, sncilaizf, plrticipltf io

iomivimula lom krnup lctivitifs, lom juy itfhs (virtula prnpfrty) lom sfrvicfs grnh nof lontdfr. Ls tdfy

spfom hnrf tihf io tdf wnram, tdfy aflro ofw seiaas lom hlturf sncilaay, aflroiok tdf cuaturf lom hloofrs

ng l virtula fovirnohfot. ]df fxcfrpt no Sfcnom Aigf wls fxtrlctfm grnh tdf Iosikdts grnh Siaicno Wlaafy2

Foljaiok ]fcdonankifs Cnogfrfocf Prncffmioks.

• Sfcnom Aigf’s cnotfot crfltino fokiof lom ASA gflturf laanws rfsimfots tn crfltf virtulaay

loytdiok, prntfctfm jy vfry rfla iotfaafctula prnpfrty rikdts. ]dfsf tnnas lom sujsfqufotiotfaafctula prnpfrty prntfctinos dlvf spurrfm tdf krnwtd ng l knnms lom sfrvicfs iomustry

iocaumiok fotrfprfofurs (f.k. rfla fstltf hnkuas), lrtislos (f.k. lrcditfcts lom glsdinomfsikofrs) lom prngfssinola sfrvicfs (f.k. ontlry pujaic), stihualtiok lo fcnonhykfofrltiok oflray $6 hiaaino io trlmf jftwffo rfsimfots fvfry hnotd. ]df Sfcnom Aigf’s

cnotfot crfltino fokiof lom ASA gflturfs lasn foljaf rfsimfots tn jf crfltivf lom dlvf guowitd ntdfr rfsimfots. Nof ng tdf hnrf ontljaf fxlhpafs ng uoiquf cnotfot is tdfljmuctinos ng rfsimfots jy laifos wdfrfjy ljmuctffs rfcfivf l ]-sdirt prncalihiok ‑I wls

ljmuctfm jy Laifos.‘

• Sfcnom Aigf fobnys 90,000 dnurs ng usf pfr mly, witd lpprnxihltfay :6% ng tdlt tihf

spfot crfltiok. ]dlt fqultfs tn << usfr/yflrs pfr mly, wdicd wnuam rfquirf l =,<00-hfhjfr cnotfot mfvfanphfot tflh cnstiok $=0 hiaaino pfr yflr. Io l kivfo wffe, 6,000

mistioct rfsimfots wrntf nrikiola scripts (<6%), rfprfsfotiok :.6 hiaaino aiofs ng snurcf

cnmf.

• Sfcnom Aigf laanws rfsimfots tn prnhuakltf loy Voignrh Zfsnurcf Ancltnr (VZA) lumin

nr vimfn strflh tn ancla cnhhuoitifs io Sfcnom Aigf. Sfcnom Aigf lasn pfrhits usfrs tn

fxpnrt THA mltl grnh tdf klhf tn fxtfrola wfj sitfs. ]nkftdfr, tdis guoctinolaity afts

usfrs strflh ‑rfla‘ fvfots iotn tdf virtula wnram lom ‑virtula‘ fvfots iotn tdf rfla wnrm.





Plkf 6;

nr hnrf fvfry yflr jfclusf ng tdf mfhloms ng tdf vimfn klhf iomustry hfloioktdlt dlrmwlrf wiaa ont jf l aihitltino io crfltiok aigf aief ihlkfs io klhfs.

cvii

Fxdijit =-;2 KPV vfrsus CPV Pfrgnrhlocfcviii

• Lmvlocfm rfomfriok laknritdhs lom tfcdoiqufs foljaf klhf mfsikofrs tn crfltfrflaistic 3M ihlkfs witdio tdf klhf fovirnohfot witdnut slcrigiciok KPV

pfrgnrhlocf lom laanw klhfrs tn fxpfrifocf tdf mftlias ng tdf fovirnohfot. Nofsucd hftdnm, plrlaalx nccausino hlppiok, foljafs krlpdic klhf mfsikofrs tnsihualtf tdf iaausino ng mfptd no uofvfo surglcfs witdnut iocrflsiok tdf kfnhftric

cnhpafxity ng rfomfrfm njbfcts.††††††

Sucd ioonvltino wiaa laanw klhfs tn crfltf

3M virtula fovirnohfots hihiceiok rfla wnram fovirnohfots.‡‡‡‡‡‡

Lmvlocfs io tdf Scifocf ng Dlptics

Lmvlocfs io dlptics (tdf stumy ng tnucd lom tdf cutlofnus sfosfs) lrf fxpfctfm tn

krnw io tdf cnhiok yflrs prnvimiok sfosnry gffmjlce lom gurtdfriok tdf afvfa ng

ihhfrsino io klhfs.

• Dlptic mfvicfs laanw usfrs tn fxpfrifocf l sfosltino ng tnucd lom pdysicla

prnpfrtifs wdfo tdfy iotfrlct witd virtula hltfrilas. ]dfy fxfrt gnrcf io rfspnosftn l usfr's lctino, lt tdf pniot ng lctino. ]dfy foljaf lctivf 'twn-wly' iotfrlctino

witd virtula njbfcts, wdfrf lctino lom pfrcfptino lrf jrnukdt tnkftdfr.cix

Dlpticmfvicfs dlvf jffo hleiok iornlms io klhiok gnr snhftihf, jut rfcfot lom guturf

†††††† Gnr hnrf iognrhltino no mikitla rfomfriok tfcdoiqufs, sff Prlcticla Plrlaalx Nccausino Hlppiok witd

Lpprnxihltf Sngt Sdlmnws gnr Mftliafm Surglcf Zfomfriok Oltlayl ]ltlrcdue L]I Zfsflrcd. Lvlialjaf gnr

mnwoanlm lt dttp2//lti.lhm.cnh/mfvfanpfr/tfcdrfpnrts/:007/I3M:007/]ltlrcdue-PNH-SI3M07.pmg‡‡‡‡‡‡ Snhf sukkfst tdlt tdf snpdisticltino ng currfot cnhputfr krlpdics is larflmy suggicifot tn foljaf

uocnoscinus ihhfrsino io virtula wnrams. Gnr hnrf iognrhltino, sff Syotdftic [nrams, p4;.





Plkf 69

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh

Fhfrkiok trfoms io tdf klhiok splcf wiaa jf usfm tn tdf lmvlotlkf ng krnups

cnhhittfm tn tfrrnriziok snciftifs tn lcdifvf tdfir knlas. ]dfy wiaa jf lo foljafr ng l

hnrf hlturf lom fxplomfm klhiok splcf, crfltiok l pnwfrgua hfmiuh lolanknus tn

tdf iotfroft gnr tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos tn rflcd lom tlrkft cnrf lumifocfs.

• Fhfrkiok trfoms wiaa mrivf krnwtd io tdf klhiok splcf lcrnss lkf, kfomfr lom

cuaturla jnuomlrifs. Sprflm ng fxistiok tfcdonankifs aief jrnlmjlom Iotfroft

lccfss lom tdf lmvfot ng ofw tfcdonankifs aief ofxt kfofrltino wirfafss oftwnreslom hnjiaf mfvicfs wiaa hflo krfltfr lccfss tn iomivimulas rfsimiok io jurkfnoiok

hlrefts.

• Cdlokfs witdio tdf klhiok splcf wiaa cnotiouf lt l rlpim plcf. [diaf hlrefmmiggfrfocfs wiaa fxist plrticualray witd lccfss hftdnms, ofwfr hlrefts lrf

fxpfctfm tn hirrnr tdf fxpfrifocf ng hnrf hlturf hlrefts io tfrhs ng krnwtd lom

uslkf plttfros. Klhiok wiaa jfcnhf l pnwfrgua hfmiuh palyiok lo iocrflsiokayihpnrtlot rnaf io l rlokf ng nrmiolry duhlo lgglirs, plrticualray io virtula wnrams, prnvimiok lo fxtfosino lom l virtula cnhpnofot tn suppafhfot tdfir npfrltinos.





Plkf 70

CDLP]FZ 6





Plkf 7<

Gncus Lrfls

]dis sfctino imfotigifs lom miscussfs tdrff lrfls gnr gncusiok cnuotfrtfrrnrish

fggnrts io tdf klhf splcf2 io-klhf cnuotfrprnplkloml, ofw klhf mfvfanphfot, lomiotfaaikfocf cnaafctino.

• ]dfsf tdrff lrfls lrf hnst fggfctivfay pursufm cnocurrfotay lom dnaisticlaay,

witd npfrltinos io nof lrfl suppnrtiok npfrltinos io tdf ntdfr twn, lom witd laa

npfrltinos gffmiok iotn lolaysis ng tdf cnuotfrtfrrnrist tdrflt io tdf klhf

splcf, ls iaaustrltfm jfanw.

Cnhpftf gnr Palyfrs witd

Ofw Klhfs

Npfrltinos

Npfrltinos Npfrltinos

Lolaysis

Cnaafctiok Io-

Klhf

Iotfaaikfocf

Cnuotfr Io-

Klhf

Prnplkloml

Fxdijit 6-<2 Dnaistic Lpprnlcd tn Klhf Iovnavfhfot





Plkf 7:

Cnuotfriok Io-Klhf Prnplkloml

Cnuotfriok fxtrfhist prnplkloml io tdf klhf splcf clo jf lcdifvfm io plrt jy

jfiok lo lctivf klhf palyfr. Fstljaisdiok lo io-klhf prfsfocf laanws gnr virtulaiotfrglciok, iognrhltino fxcdlokfs, lom mfvfanpiok iogaufotila rfaltinosdips witd jntd

lmvfrslrifs lom laaifs. Io-klhf iotfrlctino lasn clo dfap sdlpf rfla-aigf lttitumfs lom

pfrcfptinos.

• Fstljaisdiok lo io-klhf prfsfocf wnuam foljaf imfotigicltino ng iogaufotila palyfrs, tdfir kuiams lom ntdfr cnhhno iotfrfst krnups. ]dfsf rfaltinosdips clo

jf fxpanitfm tn glciaitltf ‑virla‘ hfsslkf sprflm nr io-klhf milankuf gnr

cnuotfrprnplkloml purpnsfs.

• Fstljaisdiok lo io-klhf prfsfocf lasn wnuam foljaf imfotigicltino ng ihpnrtlot

prnplkloml fggnrts io tdf klhf splcf. Imfotigicltino ng prnplkloml laanws gnrwnreiok witd tdf klhf prnmucfr tn faihioltf dlrhgua nr hisaflmiok iognrhltino

grnh tdf klhf splcf lom/nr gnr mfvfanpiok l cnuotfrprnplkloml clhpliko.

• Fstljaisdiok lo io-klhf prfsfocf wnuam lim tdf mftfrhioltino ng nptihla

hfsslkf palcfhfot lrfls – cufm jy wdfrf prnplkloml is surglciok lom dnw it

is sprflmiok io-klhf. Gnr fxlhpaf, io snhf klhfs tdfrf lrf alrkf juaaftio jnlrms nr ntdfr cnhhuoicltino lrfls tdlt lrf fxpanitfm.

• Io-klhf lssfts hikdt gnrh plrtofrsdips witd ‑cfafjrity‘ lvltlrs nr pnpualr klhf

mfsiko cnhploifs gnr io-klhf pujaic sfrvicf loonuocfhfots sucd ls ‑loti-vinafocf‘ clhplikos. Kfofrltiok io-klhf pujaic sfrvicf loonuocfhfots jlcefm

jy klhf prnmucfrs, OKNs nr ntdfr pujaic iotfrfst krnups is l pnpualr pdfonhfono io snhf klhf splcfs. Gnr fxlhpaf, tdf Nhimylr Oftwnre currfotay

spnosnrs tdf Clhp Mlrgur clhpliko, wdicd is ruo no tdf Jfttfr [nram Isalom ioSfcnom Aigf. ]df purpnsf ng tdf clhpliko is tn fmucltf palyfrs no tdf crisis io

Sumlo.cxi

Fxdijit 6-:2 Solpsdnt ng Clhp Mlrgur, spnosnrfm jy tdf Nhimylr Oftwnre, io Sfcnom Aigf.cxii




GNVN - Ont gnr Pujaic MistrijutinoPlkf 7=

Cnaafctiok Io-Klhf Iotfaaikfocf

Klhiok is lo iocrflsiokay pnpualr lctivity lhnok hloy mfhnkrlpdic krnupslcrnss Onrtd Lhfricl, Furnpf, tdf Himmaf Flst lom plrts ng Lgricl.cxiv Hnoitnriok ng io-

klhf lctivitifs lom rfaltfm klhf-mfvntfm lrfls ng tdf Iotfroft sucd ls janks,

cdltrnnhs, lom virtula pfrinmiclas, prnvimf sikoigiclot iotfaaikfocf cnaafctino

nppnrtuoitifs.

Fxdijit 6-=2 Bnystice Klhiok Jank cxv

Gnr fxlhpaf, klhf splcf prnvimfs pntfotila nppnrtuoitifs tn imfotigy tfrrnrist

giolocila npfrltinos jy hnoitnriok tdf ganw ng hnofy io virtula fcnonhifs lom

mftfrhioiok wdn is iovnavfm io tdf juyiok lom sfaaiok ng virtula knnms lom guomrlisiok.

• Grnh virtula rfla fstltf tn virtula cantdiok gnr lvltlrs, tdf slaf ng virtula knnms isiocrflsiok rlpimay. Wirtula hnoifs dnam rfla-wnram vlauf lom clo jf clsdfm-nutiotn dlrm currfocy. Klhf palyfrs trlmf virtula prnmucts io fxcdlokf gnr rflahnofy vil pnrtlas sucd ls F-jly lom Sfcnom Aigf. Iotlokijaf knnms io mikitlawnrams lrf fstihltfm tn jf wnrtd $< jiaaino tn $: jiaaino.cxvi

• Gurtdfrhnrf, palyfrs sdlriok lccnuot iognrhltino hly jf utiaiziok klhf splcf tntrlosgfr guoms grnh nof pfrsno tn lontdfr – uomfr tdf luspicfs ng l siokaf palyfr’slccnuot. ]df ljiaity tn upanlm io-wnram currfocy hlefs tdis palusijaf. Stumyioktdf lctivitifs lom prngiafs ng usfrs sfaaiok virtula knnms hikdt dfap mftfrhiof

wdftdfr nr ont guoms lrf jfiok guoofafm jy nr tn tfrrnrists.

• ‑Knam glrhiok,‘ nr klhf-suppnrtfm swfltsdnps io wdicd wnrefrs paly klhfs tnmfvfanp tdf strnokfst lvltlrs wdicd clo tdfo jf snam no wfjsitfs sucd ls F-jlygnr alrkf prngits, cnuam jf usfm gnr tfrrnrist guomrlisiok purpnsfs. [dfrf knamglrhiok is tleiok palcf lom wdn is jfofgitiok grnh tdf slaf ng lvltlrs nr knnmslasn rfprfsfots l usfgua lrfl ng iovfstikltino.





Plkf 76

Fxdijit 6-62 L virtula stnrf io Sfcnom Aigf cxvii

Klhf-mfvntfm lrfls ng tdf Iotfroft sucd ls janks, cdltrnnhs, noaiof

pfrinmiclas, wieis, lom gnruhs clo prnvimf uoiquf iosikdts iotn dnt trfoms gnr efy

tlrkft lumifocfs ng iotfrfst tn tdf IC.

• Iotfaaikfocf cnaafctino ng tdis snrt wnuam prnvimf sucd jlsic iognrhltino ls wdicd

ofw titafs lrf hnst pnpualr lom jfst suitfm gnr hfsslkf missfhioltino.

• Ng plrticualr iotfrfst wnuam jf cnhhfotlry no klhfs witd pnaiticla hfsslkfssucd ls Euhl/[lrs.

Cdlptfr Lmmfomuh

SLIC’s strltfkic cnhhuoicltinos mivisino prnvimfs uoiquf clpljiaitifs tn suppnrtcnuotfrprnplkloml, ofw klhf mfvfanphfot, lom iotfaaikfocf cnaafctino io tdf klhf

splcf.

<. ]rlceiok tfrrnrist klhiok trfoms usiok tdf SLIC Prntntypf

SLIC’s lutnhltfm prncfssiok clpljiaity ng tfrrnrist [fj sitf cnotfot prnvimfs l uoiquf

nppnrtuoity tn trlce tfrrnrist noaiof klhfs. Mltl prncfssiok lom rfpnrtiok hikdt lmmrfss2(<) currfot pnpualr noaiof klhfs lom lssnciltfm miscnursf, (:) sncila oftwnres fhfrkiok

io tdfsf cnhhuoitifs, (3) klhiok lom cnhhuoity sitfs tdlt lrf iocrflsiok nr mfcrflsiok

io pnpualrity, (=) tdf fhfrkfocf ng ofw tfrrnrist klhiok sitfs io cyjfrsplcf nr currfotklhf sitfs tdlt dlvf jffo hnmigifm, (6) tdf noaiof sprflm ng tfrrnrist klhiok lctivity, lom(7) [fj sitfs tdlt dnst hltfrila ljnut tfrrnrist klhfs.





Plkf 77

:. Nrkloiziok l Klhiok Lmvisnry Jnlrm ]drnukd tdf Cyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs, SLIC dls fxplomfm tdf IC’s oftwnre ng

klhiok fxpfrts witd vlrifm lclmfhic lom tfcdoicla jlcekrnuoms. SLIC hikdt dfapafvfrlkf tdis oftwnre tn mfvfanp l Klhiok Lmvisnry Jnlrm.

3. Lssist io tdf mfvfanphfot ng lo INC iostitutinola eonwafmkf klhiok mltljlsfDlviok cnomuctfm fxtfosivf rfsflrcd no tfrrnrist klhiok fggnrts, SLIC lolaysts hikdtdfap glciaitltf INC’s mfvfanphfot ng lo iostitutinola eonwafmkf klhiok mltljlsf tn

suppnrt npfrltinos lom lolaysis.

=. Nrkloizf fggnrts tn cnostruct l klhf

SLIC hikdt lasn dfap nrkloizf l klhf cnostructino fggnrt nut-ng-dnusf. ]dis fggnrt cnuam

afvfrlkf tdf oftwnre ng klhiok prngfssinolas fstljaisdfm vil tdf Cyjfr-IogaufocfCnogfrfocf Sfrifs ls wfaa ls SLIC’s fxpfrifocf io klhf mfvfanphfot.





Plkf 7;

IOMFT

#

3-M, 3;, 69

3K, ==, =7, =4, =9, 60=K, ==, =4, =9, 60

6K, =4

L

LC Oifasno, 7

Lctivf, <;, :0

Lmmictino, :=

Lmmictino rfcnvfry prnkrlhs, :=

Lgricl, 7, 36, =7, 76

Lkf ng Fhpirfs, =<

La-Blzffrl, =4

Lhfriclo Clocfr Sncifty, <:

Lrljic, 4, 9

LZK, 33Lrhy, <0, <3, 66

Lsil, <:, 36, =7, =;, =4, =9, 60, 66

Lssluat no Irlo, 9

Lssluat no Irlo, Pt. 3 , 9

J

Jlttafgifam , <3

Jlttafgifam :, <3

Jik[nram , <3, 66

Jnhjly, 7, 66

Jnurmifu, Pifrrf <7

JZF[, 6:

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Juttfrgay.oft , <3, 66

C

Clsula, ;<

Cdlio ng Cnhhlom , :<

Cdiol, =9

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Cnhhlomfr Jldhlo, 9

Cnhhuoicltino, :;

Cnomitinoiok, :<Cnuotfr, =;

Cnuotfrstrief, <0, <3, :4, =;, 66

CPV, 64

Cuaturf, =6, ;<

cyjfrclgés. Sff Iotfroft clgfs

Cyjfrtnwo, 30

M

Mlr la-Gier, 9

Mlrgur, ::MLZ[LZS, <<

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Mnaalr, 6=

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F

F-Jly, 63

Fmucltino, ;<

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FHFL, =7, =;, =4, =9

Fhfrkiok trfoms, :7, ==, 70

Fotfrtliohfot, =6, ;<

Ftdoic Caflosiok, <3, :<, ::, 66Furnpf, 7, 36, =4, 60, 76

Fvfr\ufst , :9, 6=

Fvfr\ufst II , 6=

Fxcdlokf rltf, 6=

Fxplosino, 6=

fxpanit, 6:

G

Glacno =.0, :<

Glrsi, 4, 9

giah, 3<

Giah, 3<

Girst-pfrsno Sdnntfr, :;, :4Gisdiok Jflr , <0

Gnnm Gnrcf, 34

Gnrfiko Krnuom , ::

GPS, 9, <3, :4, =;

Grlhfwnre, <4, ;<

Grlps, <=

Grfocd, 4, <<, <=, 67

Grfocd Mfhncrlcy, <=, 67

Guomrlisiok, <:

K

Klhfs

Lkf ng Fhpirfs, =<

Lssluat no Irlo, 9 Lssluat no Irlo, Pt. 3 , 9

Jlttafgifam , <3

Jlttafgifam :, <3

Jik[nram , <3, 66


Juttfrgay.oft , <3, 66


Civiaizltino, =<

Cnhhlom & Cnoqufr , =<





Plkf 74

(Klhfs Cnot'm)

Cnhhlomfr Jldhlo, 9

Cnuotfrstrief, <0, <3, :4, =;, 66

Cyjfrtnwo, 30

Mfatl Gnrcf :, :<

Mnnh, <3, :4

Ftdoic Caflosiok, <3, :<, ::, 66

Fvfr\ufst , :9, 6= Fvfr\ufst II , 6=

Glacno =.0, :<

Grfocd Mfhncrlcy, <=, 67

Gisdiok Jflr , <0

Gnnm Gnrcf, 34

Gnrfiko Krnuom , ::

Isalhic Guo, <0, 34

Isalhic Zfsistlocf, <0, 39

Dljjn Dntfa, 30

Dlag-Aigf, <:, <3, :4, 66

Dlan, :4, 6:

Afkfom ng Hir , :9

Aioflkf, :9, ==, 6=

Aioflkf II , 6=

Hlmmfo Gnntjlaa, 6: Hlmmfo OGA, 37

Hlstfr ng Nrino, =<

Hicrnsngt Gaikdt Sihualtnr , 37

Hu, :9

Oikdt ng Jusd Clpturiok, :4

Oiotfomnks, 69

Ncualr Fggfct , 33

Npfrltino Galsdpniot , :<

Nrjitla Cnanoy, 33

Nrfkno ]rlia, 39

Pfrpafx City, 33

Sfcnom Aigf, <:, 30, 3<, ==, 6=, 6;, ;<

SihCity, 37

Stumin Cypdfrs, 33

Snoic Bidlm , <=Snprlons, 33

Spfcila Gnrcf, 4, <3, 66

Stlr [lrs Klalxifs, :9, 6=

Stlrcrlgt , =<

Stffa Jflsts, :<

]frlznol, <3, 66

]df Zfsistlocf, <0, 34

]dfrf, 30, 37, 6<

]wn Juooy Zlcf, <0

Rfaml, 6:

Wirtula Hlkic Eiokmnh, 30

Vhhld Mfgfosf, 9

Vhhld Mfgfosf II , 9

Vomfr Lsd, 9, <3, :4, 66

Vomfr Sifkf, 9, 66

[nram ng [lrcrlgt , :0, :9, 3<, ==, 63, 6=

[dfrf io tdf [nram is Clrhfo Slomifkn>, 39

[dn is Jfoblhio Stnvf, 33

Klhf Fokiof

Kfofsis 3M, <:, <3, 66

Dlag-Aigf, <:, <3, :4, 66

\ulef, <:, <3, 66

Vorfla, <:, <3, :4, 66

Kfofsis 3M, <:, <3, 66

KPV, 64

Krlpdic, ::

Krnwtd, =;, =9

Kuiam, :9

kuiams, =;

D Dljjn Dntfa, 30

Dlag-Aigf, <:, <3, :4, 66

Dlan, :4, 6:

Dlptic, 64, 69

Dfzjnaald, 4, ;<

Durriclof Eltriol, <:

I

Imfnanky, <7

Ihlkfry, =6

Ihhfrsivf, 33

Iomnofsil, =;

Iomustry, =6, =7

Iogaufocf, 4, :;, =6, 6:

Iobusticf, 9

Ioonvltivf Hioms, Ioc., <0

Iotfroft clgfs, 7, ;, 4, =;

Iotfroft cnoofctino, <3

Iotiglml, 4

Irlo, 9, =;

Irloilo Isalhic Stumfots Lssnciltino, 9

Irlq, <<, <3, =4, 66

Isalh, 9, <0

Isalhic Guo, <0, 34

Isalhic Zfsistlocf, <0, 39

Isrlfai, 4, 9, 39, =<

Isrlfai nccupltino, 4, 9, =<

B

B:HF, 6:

Blplo, =9, 6:

Blvl, 6:

Bfw, :<

Bnrmlo, =;

E

Elrlcdi, 7, 66

Elzledstlo, =;

EEE, <3, :<

Euhl, 9, <3, <=, =;, =4Euwlit, =;





Plkf ;0

]

]fcdonanky, :<

]frlznol, <3, 66

]frrnrish, ==

]frrnrist, 4, <3, :4, 3<, ==

]df Zfsistlocf, <0, 34

]dfrf, 30, 37, 6<

]nna, :0, :;

]urehfoistlo, =;

]wn Juooy Zlcf, <0

V

VE, 60

Vhhld Mfgfosf, 9

Vhhld Mfgfosf II , 9

Vomfr Lsd, 9, <3, :4, 66

Vomfr Sifkf, 9, 66

Voitfm Lrlj Fhirltfs, =;

Voitfm Stltfs, <:, 36, 37, ==, =6, =7, 66

Voitfm Stltfs Iostitutf ng Pflcf, ==Vorfla, <:, <3, :4, 66

VS, <0, <<, <3, 3<, 3:, 33, =7, =;, =9, 60, 63, 6=

VSC, ;<

Vzjfeistlo, =;

W

Wirtula Hlkic Eiokmnh, 30

Wirtula wnram, :9, 6:, 63, 6=

WnIP, <0

[

[lrcrlgt , =<

[fihloo, ==

[dfrf io tdf [nram is Clrhfo Slomifkn>, 39

[dn is Jfoblhio Stnvf, 33

[i-Gi, 60

[ii, 69

[irfafss, =9, 60

[nram ng [lrcrlgt , :0, :9, 3<, ==, 63, 6=

[rikdt, =6

Y

Yloeff Krnup, :<

Yulo, 6=

R

Rfaml, 6:





Plkf ;<

ZFGFZFOCFS

i Clstrnonvl, F. (:007). S yotdftic [nrams2 ]df Jusiofss lom Cuaturf ng Noaiof Klhfs. Voivfrsity

Ng Cdiclkn Prfss. Sff lasn Iotfroltinola Klhf Mfvfanpfrs Lssnciltino (IKML) Clsula

Klhfs [ditf Plpfr :006. [irfm, ]df [rioeafm Guturf ng Noaiof Klhiok Syotdfticwnrams.

Sff lasn2

MfJfofmictis, S., Znjjios, J., Muoio, F., Fstloisaln, B., Blhfs, M., Wlalmlrfs, B., ft la. (:006,

Buay 3<). :006 [ditf Plpfr no Clsula Klhfs. Iotfroltinola Klhf Mfvfanpfrs Lssnciltino.

Zftrifvfm Lukust :=, :007, grnh

dttp2//www.ikml.nrk/clsula/IKML^ClsulaKlhfs^[ditfplpfr^:006.pmg

Eusdofr, M. (:00=, Buof). ]df [rioeafm Guturf ng Noaiof Klhiok. [irfm Hlklziof, (<:.07),

klhiok. Zftrifvfm Lukust 3<, :007, grnh [irfm Hlklziof [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/wirfm/lrcdivf/<:.07/klhiok.dtha>pk8:

Nomrfbel, C. (:007, Gfjrulry). Aiomfo Aljs2 Sfcnom Aigf. Io Cyjfr-IogaufocfCnogfrfocf.

Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Slo Grlociscn, Zitz Clratno. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Cnogfrfocf

Ontfs ii Nomrfbel, C. (:007, Gfjrulry). Aiomfo Aljs2 Sfcnom Aigf. Io Cyjfr-IogaufocfCnogfrfocf.

Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Slo Grlociscn, Zitz Clratno. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Cnogfrfocf

Ontfs iii

Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007, Sfptfhjfr). Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil Nutanne2 :007-

:0<0. Ljstrlct rftrifvfm Nctnjfr <3, :007, grnh Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.pwckanjla.cnh/fxtwfj/pwcpujaicltinos.osg/mncim/6LC<;:G:C9MFM4G646:6

;0:<00==FFL;>npfomncuhfot&vfomnr8onof

iv Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007, Sfptfhjfr). Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil Nutanne2 :007-

:0<0. Ljstrlct rftrifvfm Nctnjfr <3, :007, grnh Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.pwckanjla.cnh/fxtwfj/pwcpujaicltinos.osg/mncim/6LC<;:G:C9MFM4G646:6

;0:<00==FFL;>npfomncuhfot&vfomnr8onofv

Jnoe, C. B., & Mfoofo, W. P. (:006, Hlrcd). Hlssivf Huatipalyfr Noaiof Klhiok2 L ZfsflrcdGrlhfwnre gnr Hiaitlry ]rlioiok lom Fmucltino. Lmvlocfm Mistrijutfm Aflroiok (LMA)

Ioitiltivf. L ]fcdoicla Zfpnrt gnr tdf Nggicf ng tdf Vomfr Sfcrftlry ng Mfgfosf (Pfrsnoofa

lom Zflmiofss) Zflmiofss lom ]rlioiok Mirfctnrltfvi Aiomstrnh, H. (:007, Gfjrulry :<). Palyiok tdf Jrlom Klhf. Zftrifvfm Lukust :0, :007, grnh

Hlreftiok Mikfst [fj sitf2 dttp2//www.lhfiogn.cnh/;4=;;.dthavii

Yff, O. (:007, Buof). ]df Mfhnkrlpdics, Hntivltinos, lom Mfrivfm Fxpfrifocfs ng Vsfrs ng

Hlssivfay Huati-Vsfr Noaiof Krlpdicla Fovirnohfots. Prfsfocf2 ]fafnpfrltnrs lom

Wirtula Fovirnohfots, <6(3), 309-3:9.viii

Blylelotdlo, Z. (:00:). Lppaicltino ng cnhputfr klhfs io tdf gifam ng fmucltino. ]df

Fafctrnoic Aijrlry, :0(:), 94-<0:.ix INC-VSC/IC]. (:006, Sfptfhjfr). Mlre Vsf ng Klhiok. Giomioks prfsfotfm lt ]dioe ]loe

Plofa. x ]lwia, D. (:006). Grnh Zfla tn Wirtula Cnogaict2 Plafstioilo Eims lom Noaiof Klhfs. Ljstrlct

rftrifvfm Lukust <6, :007, grnh LNIZ mltljlsf2 dttp2//www.cnogfrfocf.lnir.nrkxi Snussi, L. (:003, Hlrcd 9). [lr Klhfs Jfcnhiok Laa ]nn Zfla. Suomly Dfrlam . Zftrifvfm

Nctnjfr <3, :007, grnh dttp2//www.suomlydfrlam.cnh/3<970xii

[nram Oft Mliay. (:003, Hlrcd 3). ]rnujaf io tdf Dnay Alom2 Dfzjnaald's Ofw Cnhputfr

Klhf. [nramOftMliay.cnh. Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr <3, :007, grnh

dttp2//www.wnramoftmliay.cnh/ofws/lrticaf.lsp>LZ]ICAF^IM83<3:3xiii

(GJISKHP:00709:0;3700: :007<309 (u) CIZLS IM2)





Plkf ;:

xivJlfrtafio, A. (:007, Buof 9). VS Wimfn Klhf Cnhploy Sffes Milankuf witd Irlo. Zfutfrs.

Zftrifvfm Sfptfhjfr <0, :007, grnh Yldnn! Ofws - VE [fj sitf2

dttp2//ue.ofws.yldnn.cnh/0907:007/40-9</u-s-vimfn-klhf-cnhploy-sffes-milankuf-

irlo.dthaxv

Jrlcdhlo, B. H. (:007, Suhhfr). Dikd-]fcd ]frrnr2 La-\lfml's Vsf ng Ofw ]fcdonanky. ]df

Gaftcdfr Gnruh ng [nram Lgglirs, 30(:). Zftrifvfm Lukust <:, :007, grnhdttp2//gaftcdfr.tugts.fmu/gnruh/30-:pmgs/jrlcdhlo.pmg

xvi Znastno, M. (:007, Lukust <7). Cnhjioiok Ihlkfry, Olrrltivf, Clhlrlmfrif, lom Lctino tn

Crfltf Pfrsulsivf Wirtula [nrams. Io SLIC (Cdlir), Cyjfr Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.02

Iosikdts grnh Fotfrtliohfot lom Klhiok2 ]df Cnovfrkfocf ng Olrrltivf, Ihlkfry lom

Cyjfr Hfmil. Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Ans Lokfafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnhCyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 Prncffmioks, :007.

Miaaf, G., & Jiasno, M. (:006, Hly ;). Pfrsistfot Iogaufocf ng Klhiok. Io Cyjfr-Iogaufocf

Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs2 Pfrspfctivfs lom Iosikdts grnh Fotfrtliohfot Iomustry. Syhpnsiuh

cnomuctfm lt Ans Lokafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Cnogfrfocf Prncffmioks,

:006. xvii

Jrlcdhlo, B. H. (:007, Suhhfr). Dikd-]fcd ]frrnr2 La-\lfml's Vsf ng Ofw ]fcdonanky.

]df Gaftcdfr Gnruh ng [nram Lgglirs, 30(:). Zftrifvfm Lukust <:, :007, grnhdttp2//gaftcdfr.tugts.fmu/gnruh/30-:pmgs/jrlcdhlo.pmg

xviii Ioonvltivf Hioms. (o.m.). ]df Zfsistlocf. Io Isalhoic Guo CM-ZNH . Zftrifvfm Lukust <6,

:007, grnh Ioonvltivf Hioms [fj sitf2 dttp2//www.iohioms.cn.ue/isalhic-guo.dthaxix

Jrly, D. (:00=, Mfcfhjfr 4). [lr :.02 Clhjrimkf girh mfsikos cnhjlt sihualtnr tn dfap

snamifrs jnuom gnr Irlq. Jnstno Kanjf. Zftrifvfm Lukust :6, :007, grnh Jnstno Kanjf [fj

sitf2 dttp2//www.jnstno.cnh/jusiofss/tfcdonanky/lrticafs/:00=/<:/04/wlr^klhfs^:0/xx

MNM Klhf Cnhhuoity. (:006). Lrhy. Io Mfplrthfot ng Mfgfosf Klhf

Mfvfanpfr's Cnhhuoity. Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr <3, :007, grnh Mfplrthfot ng Mfgfosf Klhf

Mfvfanpfr's Cnhhuoity [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.mnmklhfcnhhuoity.cnh/hnmuafs.pdp>np8hnmanlm&olhf8Ofws&giaf8iomfx

&cltim8&tnpic8<&laastnrifs8<

xxi Clstrnonvl, F. (:006, Hly). Zfla Prnmucts io Ihlkiolry [nrams. Dlrvlrm Jusiofss Zfvifw, Hly :006, :0-::. Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr <<, :007, grnh ]dnhls Klaf mltljlsf.

xxii Nomrfbel, C. (:007, Gfjrulry). Aiomfo Aljs2 Sfcnom Aigf. Io Cyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf.

Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Slo Grlociscn, Zitz Clratno. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Cyjfr-

Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 Prncffmioks, :007.xxiii

Znastno, M. (:007, Lukust <7). Cnhjioiok Ihlkfry, Olrrltivf, Clhlrlmfrif, lom Lctino tn



Cyjfr Hfmil. Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Ans Lokfafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnhCyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 Prncffmioks, :007.

xxiv Znastno, M. (:007, Lukust <7). Cnhjioiok Ihlkfry, Olrrltivf, Clhlrlmfrif, lom Lctino tn


Iosikdts grnh Fotfrtliohfot lom Klhiok2 ]df Cnovfrkfocf ng Olrrltivf, Ihlkfry lomCyjfr Hfmil. Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Ans Lokfafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh

Cyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 Prncffmioks, :007.xxv

Hnrklo, M. (:007, Hly 6). Isalhists Vsiok VS Wimfn Klhfs io Ynutd Lppfla. Zfutfrs.

Zftrifvfm Lukust ;, :007, grnh Yldnn! Ofws - Sioklpnrf [fj sitf2

dttp2//sk.ofws.yldnn.cnh/07060=/3/=0ebf.dthaxxvi

Dfory, M. (:007, Hlrcd ::). Euhl Zflaity Klhfs Mfvfanpiok no Snurcf. Jafomfr Hlklziof.

Zftrifvfm Lukust :7, :007, grnh Euhl Zflaity Klhfs wfjsitf2

dttp2//www.euhlwlr.cnh/PrfssZfaflsfs/03-::-:007.pdp





Plkf ;3

xxvii Dlapfr, E. (:007, Lukust <7). ]fafvisino gnr l Kfofrltino Zlisfm no Iotfrlctivf Klhfs. Io

SLIC (Cdlir), Cyjfr Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.02 Iosikdts grnh Fotfrtliohfot lom

Klhiok2 ]df Cnovfrkfocf ng Olrrltivf, Ihlkfry lom Cyjfr Hfmil. Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm

lt Ans Lokfafs, Claignroil.xxviii

Plrmfw, A. (:007, Lpria <9). Iotfrsfctino ng Klhiok lom Zfaikino. Io SLIC (Cdlir), Cyjfr-

Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 . Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt SLIC, HcAflo, Wirkioil.Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Iosikdts grnh Sncila lom Zfaikinus Fxpfrts2 Ihplctiok Lttitumfs,

Jfaifgs lom Pfrcfptinos, :007. Hlouglcturfrs ng Cdristilo klhfs io tdf VS dlvf usfm sucd

rfaikinusay hntivltfm vnauotffr wnre tn rfmucf cnsts.xxix

"Snoic Bidlm" (Prnmucfr/Mirfctnr/[ritfr). (:007). Snoic Bidlm UHntino picturfX.

Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr <6, :007, grnh Hlcdioihl.cnh [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.hlcdioihl.cnh/giahs.pdp>im8:3=7xxx

Grlps Zflatihf vimfn clpturf sngtwlrf. (:007).Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr :7, :007, grnh Grlps.cnh

[fj sitf2 dttp2//www.grlps.cnh/xxxi

Jftrus, M. L. (:007, Nctnjfr 3<). L Voivfrsla Klhf ]dfnry2 Ihpaicltinos gnr Ihprnviok

Klhf-grff lom Klhf-jlsfm Iostructino. Spffcd prfsfotfm lt Sfrinus Klhfs Suhhit,

Crystla City Hlrrintt, Lraioktno, Wirkioil. xxxii Klritf, H. (:003). ]df imfnanky ng iotfrlctivity (nr, vimfn klhfs lom tdf ]lyanrizltino ng

afisurf) (Mikitla Klhfs Zfsflrcd Lssnciltino Cnogfrfocf plpfr). Zftrifvfm Lukust <0,

:0072 dttp2//www.mikrl.nrk/ma/mj/06<60.<6=37.pmgxxxiii

Sff Stfioeufdafr, C. (:007, Nctnjfr 3<). [nram ng YnurCrlgt2 Aflroiok& Cnaaljnrltino io

Hlssivfay Huatipalyfr Noaiof Klhfs. Afcturf prfsfotfm lt Sfrinus Klhfs Suhhit, Crystla

City Hlrrintt, Lraioktno, Wirkioil.xxxiv

Elirl, P. (<996). ]df Aflroiok Grlhfwnre UMltl giafX. Zftrifvfm Lukust <7, :007, grnh

Iostitutf gnr Aflroiok lom Eonwafmkf Lrcditfcturf [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.hitdyl.cnh/aflroiok/iomfx.dthaxxxv



Crystla City Hlrrintt, Lraioktno,Wirkioil.

xxxvi Jftrus, M. L. (:007, Nctnjfr 3<). L Voivfrsla Klhf ]dfnry2 Ihpaicltinos gnr IhprnviokKlhf-grff lom Klhf-jlsfm Iostructino. Spffcd prfsfotfm lt Sfrinus Klhfs Suhhit,

Crystla City Hlrrintt, Lraioktno,Wirkioil.xxxvii



Crystla City Hlrrintt, Lraioktno, Wirkioil.xxxviii

Nomrfbel, C. (:007). Giomiok ofw cnhhno krnuom io ofw wnrams. Klhfs lom Cuaturf <(<),

<<<-<<6.xxxix

Sff Afnolrm, M. B. (:007). Ont l dltfr, bust effpio' it rfla2 ]df ihpnrtlocf ng rlcf- lom

kfomfr-jlsfm klhf stumifs. Klhfs Lom Cuaturf, <(<), 43-44. Zftrifvfm Lukust <, :007,

grnh Cnhhuoicltino Stumifs2 L SLKF Guaa-]fxt Cnaafctino mltljlsf.xa Stfioeufdafr, C. (:007, Nctnjfr 3<). [nram ng YnurCrlgt2 Aflroiok& Cnaaljnrltino io

Hlssivfay Huatipalyfr Noaiof Klhfs. Afcturf prfsfotfm lt Sfrinus Klhfs Suhhit, CrystlaCity Hlrrintt, Lraioktno, Wirkioil.

xai Sff Klritf, H. (:003). ]df imfnanky ng iotfrlctivity (nr, vimfn klhfs lom tdf ]lyanrizltino ng

afisurf) (Mikitla Klhfs Zfsflrcd Lssnciltino Cnogfrfocf plpfr). Zftrifvfm Lukust <0,

:0072 dttp2//www.mikrl.nrk/ma/mj/06<60.<6=37.pmgxaii

Kuptl, S. (:007, Sfptfhjfr :0). Stumy2 Klhfrs Zfhfhjfr Lms, Jrlom Olhfs. Noaiof Hfmil

Mliay. Zftrifvfm Sfptfhjfr :0, :007, grnh Hfmil Pnst Pujaicltinos [fj sitf2

dttp2//pujaicltinos.hfmilpnst.cnh/iomfx.cgh>gusflctino8Lrticafs.sdnwLrticaf&lrt^lim8=4

=00





Plkf ;=

xaiii Bnsdi, P. (:007, Nctnjfr :;). Klhf No! Jusiofss Stlomlrm , p. <<. Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr :;, :007,

grnh Glctivl mltljlsf2 dttp2//kanjla.glctivl.cnh.fzprnxy.lpnaanaijrlry.cnh/dl/mfgluat.lspxxaiv

Krnsf, ]. E. (:007, Hly :9). No-aiof Lm-Wfoturfs. ]ihf Iotfroltinola - Ltalotic Fmitino,

<7; (::), 34. Zftrifvfm Lukust :<, :007, grnh Glctivl mltljlsf2

dttp2//kanjla.glctivl.cnh.fzprnxy.lpnaanaijrlry.cnh/dl/mfgluat.lspxxav Bnsdi, P. (:007, Nctnjfr :;). Klhf No! Jusiofss Stlomlrm , p. <<. Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr :;, :007,

grnh Glctivl mltljlsf2 dttp2//kanjla.glctivl.cnh.fzprnxy.lpnaanaijrlry.cnh/dl/mfgluat.lspxxavi

Gnok, K. (:007, Mfcfhjfr). Lmlptiok CN]S Klhfs gnr Hiaitlry Fxpfrihfotltino. Sihualtino

lom Klhiok, 3; (=), =6:-=76. Zftrifvfm Onvfhjfr :<, :007, grnh Mfgfocf Scifocf lom

]fcdonanky Lkfocy, Sioklpnrf [fj sitf2

dttp2//gt.csl.cnh.fzprnxy.lpnaanaijrlry.cnh/ims;0/rfsnavfr.pdp>sfssim8;64;jl6flmc=;9;c9

c<93fm4==f<m<97&sfrvfr8www-

hm3.csl.cnh&cdfce800:ff336;437mc;4g=76cg66=c3lml9=&mj8slkfhlo-sft-

c&lo8<0.<<;;%:G<0=74;4<07:9<7;0&hnmf8pmg&g<8<0=7-

4;4<%:C3;%:C=%:C=6:%:C:007xavii

Loti-Mfglhltino Aflkuf (:00:). Zlcist Krnups Vsiok Cnhputfr Klhiok tn Prnhntf

Winafocf Lkliost Jalces, Altions lom Bfws. xaviii Sff Yff, O. (:007). ]df aljnr ng guo2 Dnw vimfn klhfs jaur tdf jnuomlrifs ng wnre lom

paly. Klhfs Lom Cuaturf, <(<), 74-;<. Zftrifvfm Lukust <, :007, grnh Cnhhuoicltino

Stumifs2 L SLKF Guaa-]fxt Cnaafctino mltljlsf.xaix

Grffhlo, M. (:003). Crfltiok Fhntino io Klhfs2 ]df Crlgt lom Lrt ng Fhntinoffriok

(cdlptfr <). Ofw Zimfr Pujaicltinos. (Nrikiola wnre pujaisdfm :003)a Znaas, F. ]. (:000). Hfhnry Systfhs io tdf Jrlio. Looula Zfvifw ng Psycdnanky, (6<), 699-730.

Zftrifvfm Nctnjfr :<, :007, grnh Mfplrthfot ng Fxpfrihfotla Psycdnanky, Voivfrsity ng

Nxgnrm [fj sitf2 dttp2//wfj.fjscndnst.cnh/fdnst/pmg>vim87&dim8<03&sim834g0mm<l-

9;lj-=3<0-j=:c-ff9f0c7gc;9j%=0sfssinohkr<09ai ai Stltistic.cnh (:007). [lr, Pflcf lom Wimfn Klhfs2 Plrt 3. Zftrifvfm Onvfhjfr :9, :007,

grnh2 dttp2//stltlstic.cnh/cltfknry/vimfn-klhfs/.aii

Loti-Mfglhltino Aflkuf (:00:). Zlcist Krnups Vsiok Cnhputfr Klhiok tn Prnhntf Winafocf

Lkliost Jalces, Altions lom Bfws. aiii

Stltistic.cnh (:007). [lr, Pflcf lom Wimfn Klhfs2 Plrt 3. Zftrifvfm Onvfhjfr :9, :007,

grnh2 dttp2//stltlstic.cnh/cltfknry/vimfn-klhfs/.aiv

Nomrfbel, Cnry. (:007, Gfjrulry). SLIC CyjfrIogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.02 Iosikdts grnh

Siaicno Wlaafy.av [iaailhs, M. (:007). [dy klhf stumifs onw> Klhfrs mno’t jnwa lanof. Klhfs lom Cuaturf

<(<), <3-<7.avi

Nomrfbel, C. (:007). Giomiok ofw cnhhno krnuom io ofw wnrams. Klhfs lom Cuaturf <(<),

<<<-<<6.avii

Yff, O. (:007). ]df aljnr ng guo2 Dnw vimfn klhfs jaur tdf jnuomlrifs ng wnre lom paly.

Klhfs Lom Cuaturf, < (<), 74-;<.aviii

Lomfrsfo, B. (:006, Sfptfhjfr <:). Spnt No2 Enrfl Zflcts tn Iocrflsf io Klhf Lmmictino.

KlhfSpnt.cnh. Zftrifvfm Lukust :0, :007, grnh KlhfSpnt [fjsitf2 dttp2//www.klhfspnt.cnh/ofws/:006/09/<:/ofws^7<3:36;.dtha

Zfim, M. (:007, Buay :<). Lmmictino Caioic Npfos gnr Klhfrs5 lom JJC Caice . Zftrifvfm Lukust

:0, :007, grnh JJC Ofws.cnh [fj sitf2

dttp2//ofws.jjc.cn.ue/:/di/prnkrlhhfs/caice^noaiof/6:0::<:.sthaix

Gnr l hnrf io mfptd anne lt tdf vlrinus wlys tfrrnrist nrkloizltinos clo fxpanit tdf klhf splcf

sff lo flraifr plpfr prnmucfm io tdis sfrifs "Fxpanitltino lom Guoctino ng Klhfs2 Lo

Iotfrlctivf Iogaufocf Hfmiuh." SLIC. Sfptfhjfr, :007.ax dttp2//www.lrilmof.lc.ue/issuf:3/cnovfrkfocf/dlagaigf.bpk





Plkf ;6

axi Erlhfr, S. F. (:007, Onvfhjfr). Aigf-Girf Fxfrcisf. [irfm , <:7-<:;.

axii Sffafy Jrnwo, B., & ]dnhls, M. (:007, Lpria). Ynu Paly [nram ng [lrcrlgt> Ynu'rf Dirfm!

[irfm Hlklziof, (<=.0=). Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <;, :007, grnh VSC's Loofojfrk Scdnna

gnr Cnhhuoicltinos [fj sitf2 dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/wirfm/lrcdivf/<=.0=/aflro.dthaaxiii

dttp2//www.hsu.fmu/~jnommfoo/scrffosdnts/sfcnomaigf.bpkaxiv Gnr l hlcdioihl fxlhpaf tdlt usfs hiaitlry cdlrlctfrs lom fxpalios hlcdioihl, sff

Hlcdioihl! [itd Nggicfr Mlo lt dttp2//www.hlcdioihl.cnh/giahs.pdp>im8=7;7axv

Pdiaaips, L., ]dnhpsno, J., Lafxlomfr, J., Mfol, C., & Jlranw, O. (:007). :007 Latfroltf

Zflaity Klhfs [ditf Plpfr - IMKL LZK SIK. Iotfroltinola Klhf Mfvfanpfrs Lssnciltino.

Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <, :007, grnh Iotfroltinola Klhf Mfvfanpfrs Lssnciltino mltljlsf2

dttp2//www.imkl.nrkaxvi

[fihloo, K. (:00=, Hlrcd). www.tfrrrnr.oft2 Dnw Hnmfro ]frrnrish Vsfs tdf Iotfroft

(Spfcila Zfpnrt On. <<7). [lsdioktno, MC, Voitfm Stltfs2 Voitfm Stltfs Iostitutf ng Pflcf.

Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <4, :00;, grnh dttp2//www.usip.nrk/pujs/spfcilarfpnrts/sr<<7.pmgaxvii

SLIC. (:007, Sfptfhjfr). Fxpanitltino lom Guoctino ng Klhfs2 Lo Iotfrlctivf Iogaufocf

Hfmiuh (Zfpnrt On. <). Wifool, WL, Voitfm Stltfs2 SLIC.axviii

Miaaf, G., & Jiasno, M. (:006, Hly ;). Pfrsistfot Iogaufocf ng Klhiok. Io Cyjfr-Iogaufocf

Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs2 Pfrspfctivfs lom Iosikdts grnh Fotfrtliohfot Iomustry. Syhpnsiuhcnomuctfm lt Ans Lokafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Cnogfrfocf Prncffmioks,

:006.

Znastno, M. (:007, Lukust <7). Cnhjioiok Ihlkfry, Olrrltivf, Clhlrlmfrif, lom Lctino tn



Cyjfr Hfmil. Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Ans Lokfafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh

Cyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 Prncffmioks, :007.

Nomrfbel, C. (:007, Gfjrulry). Aiomfo Aljs2 Sfcnom Aigf. Prfsfotltino lt SLIC’s Cyjfr-

Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 - Iosikdts grnh Siaicno Wlaafy2 Foljaiok ]fcdonankifs, Slo

Grlociscn, Claignroil, Voitfm Stltfs.axix

Clstrnonvl, F. (:007). S yotdftic [nrams2 ]df Jusiofss lom Cuaturf ng Noaiof Klhfs.

Voivfrsity Ng Cdiclkn Prfss. Sff lasn Iotfroltinola Klhf Mfvfanpfrs Lssnciltino (IKML)Clsula Klhfs [ditf Plpfr :006. [irfm, ]df [rioeafm Guturf ng Noaiof Klhiok Syotdftic

wnrams.axx

Clstrnonvl, F. (:007). Syotdftic [nrams2 ]df Jusiofss lom Cuaturf ng Noaiof Klhfs (p. 77).

Cdiclkn, Iaaionis, Voitfm Stltfs2 Voivfrsity ng Cdiclkn Prfss. (Nrikiola wnre pujaisdfm

:007) axxi

Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007). Wimfn Klhfs. Io Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil Nutanne

:007-:0<0 (p. 3;;). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.axxii


:007-:0<0 (p. 34:). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.axxiii


:007-:0<0 (p. 3;0). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.axxiv

Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007). Wimfn Klhfs. Io Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil Nutanne:007-:0<0 (p. 34:). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.

axxv Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007). Wimfn Klhfs. Io Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil Nutanne

:007-:0<0. Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrsaxxvi


:007-:0<0 (p. 343). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.axxvii

Hlcf, H. (:007, Mfcfhjfr :;). Hnjiaf Klhiok io Blplo2 L Miggfrfot [nram. Io Hnjiaf

Nppnrtuoity2 Lt tdf Iotfrsfctino ng [fj, [irfafss, Fotfrtliohfot lom Cnhputiok.

Zftrifvfm Bloulry :6, :00;, grnh Hnjiaf Nppnrtuoity [fj sitf2





Plkf ;7

dttp2//hnjiafnppnrtuoity.jankspnt.cnh/:007/<:/hnjiaf-klhiok-io-blplo-miggfrfot-

wnram.dthaaxxviii

Eoikdt, [. (:006, Sfptfhjfr :). =K Prntntypfs Zflcd Jaistfriok Spffms. Ofw Scifotist .

Zftrifvfm Bloulry :=, :00;, grnh OfwScifotist.cnh [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.ofwscifotist.cnh/lrticaf.os>im8mo;9=3axxix Eoikdt, [. (:006, Sfptfhjfr :). =K Prntntypfs Zflcd Jaistfriok Spffms. Ofw Scifotist .

Zftrifvfm Bloulry :=, :00;, grnh OfwScifotist.cnh [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.ofwscifotist.cnh/lrticaf.os>im8mo;9=3axxx

JummfCnhh. (:007, Buay). :007 Himmaf Flst - ]fafcnhs, Hnjiaf lom Jrnlmjlom Ljstrlct

rftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <9, :007, grnh ]df-IognSdnp.cnh [fj sitf2dttp2//www.tdf-

iognsdnp.cnh/stumy/pl=:3<6-tfafcnh-hnjiaf.dthaaxxxi

NpfoRnof. (:006, Onvfhjfr =). ]df Canum lom J] Npfoznof Plrtofr gnr Aluocd ng

Oiotfomn [i-Gi Cnoofctino io tdf VE. Io NpfoRnof. Zftrifvfm Bloulry :6,:00;, grnh J]

NpfoRnof/]df Canum [fj sitf2 dttp2//www.jtnpfoznof.cnh/ofws/ofws^:006^<<^0=.bspaxxxii

Kijsno, F. (:007, Mfcfhjfr <:). Plrt < - I-paly CFN Mlvim Knsfo HnjiafIomustry.jiz.

Zftrifvfm Bloulry :6, :00;, grnh

dttp2//www.hnjiafiomustry.jiz/lrticaf.pdp>lrticafîm8:064

Kijsno, F. (:007, Mfcfhjfr :0). Plrt : - I-paly CFN Mlvim Knsfo HnjiafIomustry.jiz. ZftrifvfmBloulry :6, :00;, grnh dttp2//www.hnjiafiomustry.jiz/lrticaf.pdp>lrticafîm8:0;7

axxxiii SLIC Ljstrlct lom Cnogfrfocf Suhhlry (:007, Gfjrulry) Prfsfotltino lt SLIC’s Cyjfr-


Grlociscn, Claignroil, Voitfm Stltfsaxxxiv

Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007). Wimfn Klhfs. Io Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil

Nutanne :007-:0<0 (p. 3;7). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.axxxv

Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007). Wimfn Klhfs. Io Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil

Nutanne :007-:0<0 (p. 3;7). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.axxxvi




Kijsno, F. (:007, Mfcfhjfr :0). Plrt : - I-paly CFN Mlvim Knsfo HnjiafIomustry.jiz. ZftrifvfmBloulry :6, :00;, grnh dttp2//www.hnjiafiomustry.jiz/lrticaf.pdp>lrticafîm8:0;7

axxxvii Kijsno, F. (:007, Mfcfhjfr <:). Plrt < - I-paly CFN Mlvim Knsfo HnjiafIomustry.jiz.



Kijsno, F. (:007, Mfcfhjfr :0). Plrt : - I-paly CFN Mlvim Knsfo HnjiafIomustry.jiz. Zftrifvfm

Bloulry :6, :00;, grnh dttp2//www.hnjiafiomustry.jiz/lrticaf.pdp>lrticafîm8:0;7axxxviii

Zfk, D. (:007, Buay :<). Slhsuok Mfhns twn-wly Gnamfr Pdnof gnr Klhfs. ]df Zfkistfr .


dttp2//www.rfkdlrmwlrf.cn.ue/:007/0;/:</slhsuokûovfias^guaa^gnamfr^pdnof/axxxix



dttp2//www.hnjiafiomustry.jiz/lrticaf.pdp>lrticafîm8:064Kijsno, F. (:007, Mfcfhjfr :0). Plrt : - I-paly CFN Mlvim Knsfo HnjiafIomustry.jiz. Zftrifvfm

Bloulry :6, :00;, grnh dttp2//www.hnjiafiomustry.jiz/lrticaf.pdp>lrticafîm8:0;7xc




Kijsno, F. (:007, Mfcfhjfr :0). Plrt : - I-paly CFN Mlvim Knsfo HnjiafIomustry.jiz. Zftrifvfm

Bloulry :6, :00;, grnh dttp2//www.hnjiafiomustry.jiz/lrticaf.pdp>lrticafîm8:0;7





Plkf ;;

xci Znastno, M. (:007, Lukust <7). Cnhjioiok Ihlkfry, Olrrltivf, Clhlrlmfrif, lom Lctino tn



Cyjfr Hfmil. Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Ans Lokfafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh

Cyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 Prncffmioks, :007.

Miaaf, G., & Jiasno, M. (:006, Hly ;). Pfrsistfot Iogaufocf ng Klhiok. Io Cyjfr-IogaufocfCnogfrfocf Sfrifs2 Pfrspfctivfs lom Iosikdts grnh Fotfrtliohfot Iomustry. Syhpnsiuh

cnomuctfm lt Ans Lokafs, Claignroil. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Cnogfrfocf Prncffmioks,

:006.xcii


:007-:0<0 (p. 374). Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs.xciii

Hlcf, H. (:007, Mfcfhjfr :;). Hnjiaf Klhiok io Blplo2 L Miggfrfot [nram. Io Hnjiaf

Nppnrtuoity2 Lt tdf Iotfrsfctino ng [fj, [irfafss, Fotfrtliohfot lom Cnhputiok.

Zftrifvfm Bloulry :6, :00;, grnh Hnjiaf Nppnrtuoity [fj sitf2

dttp2//hnjiafnppnrtuoity.jankspnt.cnh/:007/<:/hnjiaf-klhiok-io-blplo-miggfrfot-

wnram.dthaxciv

Dulok, S.-A. (:006, Buof :3). Fvnautino grnh 3K tn =K lom Jfynom (6K). Zftrifvfm

Mfcfhjfr <9, :007, grnh Lhfriclo Iotfrcnotiofotla Voivfrsity – Fotfrprisf OftwnreMfsiko calss (I]O7:0) pnstfm no Mloi[fj.cnh [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.mloiwfj.cnh/tfcdtlaegnruhs/pnst<403:=.dtha#pnst<403:=xcv

Zugg, C. (:00=, Onvfhjfr 3). Juiamiok l Hnjiaf Klhiok Cnhhuoity. Fafctrnoic Klhiok

Jusiofss. Zftrifvfm Bloulry :6, :00;, grnh GiomLrticafs.cnh [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.giomlrticafs.cnh/p/lrticafs/hi^h0PB\/is^:<^:/li^o733<364xcvi

Kijsno, J. (:007, Onvfhjfr). Fotfrtlioiok Hnjiaf. Jrlsiokstnef, Dlhpsdirf, Voitfm

Eiokmnh2 Buoipfr Zfsflrcd. Ljstrlct rftrifvfm Bloulry :3, :00;, grnh Bupitfr Zfsflrcd

[fj sitf2

dttp2//www.buoipfrrfsflrcd.cnh/sdnp/prnmucts/wditfplpfr/pmg/[ditf^Plpfr^Hnjiaf%:0F

otfrtliohfot.pmgxcvii

Clstrnonvl, F. (:007). S yotdftic [nrams2 ]df Jusiofss lom Cuaturf ng Noaiof Klhfs.

Voivfrsity Ng Cdiclkn Prfssxcviii

Clstrnonvl, F. (:00<). Wirtula [nrams2 L Girst-Dlom Lccnuot ng Hlreft lom Sncifty no tdf

Cyjfrilo Grnotifr. ]df Krutfr Iostitutf [nreiok Plpfrs no Alw, Fcnonhics lom

Fvnautinolry Jinanky, :(<) <3. Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <4, :007, grnh JfPrfss [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.jfprfss.cnh/kiwp/mfgluat/vna:/iss</lrt</currfot^lrticaf.dthaxcix

Clstrnonvl, F. (:00<). Wirtula [nrams2 L Girst-Dlom Lccnuot ng Hlreft lom Sncifty no tdf

Cyjfrilo Grnotifr. ]df Krutfr Iostitutf [nreiok Plpfrs no Alw, Fcnonhics lom

Fvnautinolry Jinanky, :(<), <7. Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <4, :007, grnh JfPrfss [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.jfprfss.cnh/kiwp/mfgluat/vna:/iss</lrt</currfot^lrticaf.dtha

Cliamioi, Z., Mr. (:00<). Iogaufocf2 Scifocf lom Prlcticf (=td fm.). Laayo & Jlcno. (Nrikiola

wnre pujaisdfm <999) c Clstrnonvl, F. (:00<). Wirtula [nrams2 L Girst-Dlom Lccnuot ng Hlreft lom Sncifty no tdf

Cyjfrilo Grnotifr. ]df Krutfr Iostitutf [nreiok Plpfrs no Alw, Fcnonhics lom Fvnautinolry Jinanky, :(<), <7. Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <4, :007, grnh JfPrfss [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.jfprfss.cnh/kiwp/mfgluat/vna:/iss</lrt</currfot^lrticaf.dthaci Sffafy Jrnwo, B., & ]dnhls, M. (:007, Lpria). Ynu Paly [nram ng [lrcrlgt> Ynu'rf Dirfm!

[irfm Hlklziof, (<=.0=). Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <;, :007, grnh2

dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/wirfm/lrcdivf/<=.0=/aflro.dthacii

Sffafy Jrnwo, B., & ]dnhls, M. (:007, Lpria). Ynu Paly [nram ng [lrcrlgt> Ynu'rf Dirfm![irfm Hlklziof, (<=.0=). Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <;, :007, grnh2

dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/wirfm/lrcdivf/<=.0=/aflro.dtha




ciii Clstrnonvl, F. (:007). Syotdftic [nrams2 ]df Jusiofss lom Cuaturf ng Noaiof Klhfs (p. 67).


:007)civ



:007)cv

Nomrfbel, C. (:007, Gfjrulry). Aiomfo Aljs2 Sfcnom Aigf. Prfsfotltino lt SLIC’s Cyjfr-


Grlociscn, Claignroil, Voitfm Stltfs



:007) cvi

Bndosno, S. (:007, Lpria). [dfo Wirtula [nrams Cnaaimf. [irfm Hlklziof, <=.0=. Zftrifvfm

Mfcfhjfr <7, :007, grnh dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/wirfm/lrcdivf/<=.0=/cnaaimf.dthacvii

]uaancd, P. (:007, Onvfhjfr 9). Supfrcnhputiok's Ofxt Zfvnautino. [irfm Hlklziof.

Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <9, :007, grnh dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/ofws/tfcdonanky/<,;:090-

0.dthacviii ]uaancd, P. (:007, Onvfhjfr 9). Supfrcnhputiok's Ofxt Zfvnautino. [irfm Hlklziof.

Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <9, :007, grnh dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/ofws/tfcdonanky/<,;:090-

0.dthacix

HcAuomif, H. (:00:, Spriok). Sff Hf, ]nucd Hf, Gffa Hf, Dnam Hf> L kuimf tn Dlptics

Lppaicltinos io tdf Mikitla Zflah. Zfsflrcd Issufs io Lrt, Mfsiko lom Hfmil, Spriok

:00:(On. :), isso2 <=;=-:376. Zftrifvfm Bloulry 3<, :00;, grnh Jirhiokdlh Iositutf ng

Lrt lom Mfsiko, Voivfrsity ng Cfotrla Fokalom [fj sitf2

dttp2//www.jilm.ucf.lc.ue/rfsflrcd/rti/rilmh/issuf:/rilmhIssuf:.PMG cx

Eusdofr, M. (:007, Lpria). Knnm Oiotfomnk! [irfm Hlklziof, <=.0=. Zftrifvfm Mfcfhjfr <7,

:007, grnh dttp2//www.wirfm.cnh/wirfm/lrcdivf/<=.0=/oiotfomnk^pr.dthacxi

Gnuts, B. (:00;, Bloulry <<). Miscussino witd Elrl Klaafs (SLIC), Bfgg Jfrenwitz (VS

Mfplrthfot ng Stltf), lom [iaailh Hly (VS Mfplrthfot ng Stltf). Iotfrvifw prfsfotfm lt

[lsdioktno, MC.cxii

dttp2//owo.janks.cnh/owo/:007/06/kulrmiok^mlrgur.dthacxiii

dttp2//www.gfoksduicdlt.cnh/sitflrh/usc^loofojfrk^isalom^sfafctfm^ihlkfs.dthcxiv

Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs. (:007, Sfptfhjfr). Kanjla Fotfrtliohfot lom Hfmil Nutanne2

:007-:0<0. Ljstrlct rftrifvfm Nctnjfr <3, :007, grnh Pricf[ltfrdnusfCnnpfrs [fjsitf2

dttp2//www.pwckanjla.cnh/fxtwfj/pwcpujaicltinos.osg/mncim/6LC<;:G:C9MFM4G646:6;0

:<00==FFL;>npfomncuhfot&vfomnr8onofcxv

dttp2//www.eqfm.nrk/wfjank/bnystice/cxvi

Nomrfbel, C. (:007, Gfjrulry). Aiomfo Aljs2 Sfcnom Aigf. Io Cyjfr-Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf.

Syhpnsiuh cnomuctfm lt Slo Grlociscn, Zitz Clratno. Ljstrlct njtliofm grnh Cyjfr-

Iogaufocf Cnogfrfocf Sfrifs :.0 Prncffmioks, :007.ii

US, British spies conduct surveillance operations on PC games

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