Superior extremity

Bones of upper limb

Bones of upper limb

• Clavicle • Scapula • Humerous • Radius • Ulna • Skeleton of hand

Clavicle

Morphological types of bone

• Modify long bone • – only long bone of body which lies in

horizontally

Anatomical point

• Sternal end is enlarged & directed medially • Medial 2/3 of shaft of clavicle convex and

forward • Groove for subclavius lies inferiorly

External features of clavicle

• Two end – large sternal end and flat acromial end

• Shaft – • medial 2/3 convex anteriorly, it has four

surface – ant , pos, supe, infe • Lateral 1/3concave anteriorly, it has two

surface superior and inferior

Attachment of clavicle

Muscles• Trapezius: spinal part of accessory nerve • Sternocleidomastoid : spinal part of accessory nerve • Deltoid : axillary nerve(arise from pos cord of br.pl) • pectoralis major (medial and lateral pectoral nerve) • Subclavius • Sternohyoid Ligament :• coracoclavicular ligament

Peculiarities of clavicle

• It has no medullary cavity • It is ossify in membrane • It is pierce by supreclavicular nerve • It is the first bone of body to start ossification

Ossification of clavicle

• Two membranous ossification at shaft • One 2nd ossification center at sternal end

Name of bone

Primary ossification center Secondary ossification center

Clavicle Two One for sternal end Humerus One for shaft Three for upper end – head , greater & lesser

tubercle Four for lower end – lateral & medial epicondyle, capitulum, trochlear

Radius One primary ossification center for shaft

One for upper end One for lower end

Ulna One primary ossification center for shaft

One for upper end One for lower end

Carpal bone One primary ossification center which appear after birth

No secondary ossification centre

Metacarpal bone

One primary ossification center for shaft

One 2nd ossification centre : base of 1st metacarpal bones is ossified from 2nd ossification center Heads of 2-5 metacarpal bone are ossified from 2nd ossification center

Phalanges One primary ossification center for shaft and head

One 2nd ossification center for base of each phalanx

Joint related to clavicle Sternoclavicular jt • Type : saddle type of

synovial jt • Articular surface: sternal

end of the clavicle which is covered by a fibro-cartilage and clavicular notch of manubrium sterni .

• Joint cavity : two jt cavity divided by articular disc (fibrocartilage)

• Acromioclavicular jt • Type: plane type of

synovial jt • Articular surfaces :

lateral end of clavicle and clavicular facet on medial margin of acromial process

Scapula

Morphologically scapula is a

Flat bone

External features of scapula

• Three angle : superior, inferior and lateral • Three border: lateral, medial and superior • Three process: coracoid, acromion,spinous • Two surfaces: costal and dorsal • Scapular notch

Rotator cuff Nerve supply 1. Supraspinatus 2.Infraspinatus 3.Subcapsularis 4. Teres minor• Trapezius • Deltoid • Pectoralis minor • Teres major • Lattissimus dorsi • Levator scapulae • Rhomboidus major and minor • Long head of biceps brachii • Long head of triceps brachii • Serratus anterior

Attachment of scapula