Unit_III_Motor Milestones.ppt

8/9/2019 Unit_III_Motor Milestones.ppt

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Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development


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Definitions ofDefinitions of

Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development Growth

Increase in physical size of a whole or

any of its parts, or an increase in numberand size of cells: Growth can bemeasured

Development A continuous, orderly series of conditions

that leads to activities, new motives foractivities, and patterns of behavior


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Principles of G&DPrinciples of G&D

Occurs in an orderly sequence

Development is Directional

Individualized each child is unique

Development is interrelated

Development becomes increasinlydi!erentiated"

Development becomes increasinlyinterated and comple#


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Patterns of Growth andPatterns of Growth and

DevelopmentDevelopmentCephalocaudal Pattern (head to toe)

Proximodistal Pattern (from center outward)


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Periods of greatest growthPeriods of greatest growth

A rapid pace from birth to $ years

A slower pace from $ years to

puberty A rapid pace from puberty to

appro#imately %& years

A sharp decline from %' years toappro#imately $( years when fulladult size is reached


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Factors that Influence GrowthFactors that Influence Growth

and Developmentand Development Genetics

)nvironment

*ulture

+utrition

ealth status

-amily

.arental attitudes

*hild/rearin philosophies


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Genetic influences on growthGenetic influences on growth

and developmentand development pattern, rate, rhythm and e#tent:

overned by enes interplayin with

environment intrauterine life e#tremely important in

rowth and healthy development of the child


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Environmental influencesEnvironmental influences

family composition

family position in society

family socioeconomic status

0nowlede of the family

availability of healthy diets

housin

diseases present in family and child


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Cultural influencesCultural influences

1ust be considered whenassessin rowth and development

*ustoms vs" wor0 demands fromdi!erent cultures


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!ealth status of the child!ealth status of the child

*ertain diseases may a!ect 7 d )ndocrine and cardiac status

included here


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Famil" # Parental $ttitudes # Child%rearingFamil" # Parental $ttitudes # Child%rearing

Philosoph"Philosoph"

*ritical in rowth and development,esp" emotional rowth

Intellectual rowth must beincluded here as well

*hronic illness can be combated

with a lovin environment andclose family relationships


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heories of Growth and Developmentheories of Growth and Development

8heorists Piaget

FreudErickson

Just review these theorists and their theories focus mainly on Erickson


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'ethods to Evaluate Growth'ethods to Evaluate Growth

charts: compare to norms

compare to self over time

#rays

teeth

heiht, weiht, head circumference

size of head and les: lenth ofbones


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'ethods to Evaluate Development'ethods to Evaluate Development

Denver Development 8est II

.lay


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Denver Development est IIDenver Development est II

6creenin test not a measurement of intellience

9sed to / identify children whose developmentdeviates sinicantly from that of other children

warrantin further investiation to determine if there

e#ists a problem requirin treatment" 8est covers / four eneral functions: personal social

;such as smilin


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Denver Development est IIDenver Development est II

+ursin Implications 2efore beinnin inform parents

purpose of test" 2e sure to stress it isnot an I= test"

Administer test in a comfortableenvironment that contains only items

needed for testin After testin, share information with the

parent"


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Importance of Pla"Importance of Pla"

Allows child the learn aboutthemselves and relate toothers>"it is wor0 for the child


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Classification of Pla"Classification of Pla" -unctional or .ractice play

Involves repetitive muscle movements Infantplays with ob?ects ma0in use of their properties to

produce pleasurable e!ects

6ymbolic play

*hild incorporates some ob?ect, uses a theme, and then

play the role that each player will have Games

Includes rules and usually played

by more than one person

1ainly used by school/ae child and helps to learn

boundaries, teamwor0, ta0in turns, and competition


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ocial $spects of Pla"ocial $spects of Pla"

6olitary play

.arallel .lay

Associative play

*ooperative .lay

Onloo0er .lay


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olitar" Pla"olitar" Pla"

Independent play

*hild plays alone with toys that are verydi!erent from those chosen by other children

in the area"

2eins in infancy and oes throuh toddlerae


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Two children are disla!in" #!ical arallel la!

since #he! en$o! la!in" near o#her children% &'#

are NOT en"a"in" in social in#erac#ions wi#h

each o#her( Which co"ni#i)e and *o#or s+ills are

#hese children de)eloin",

Parallel Pla!

suall" oddler


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$ssociative Pla"$ssociative Pla"

Group play without roup oals )ven thouh playin with same

toys, there is lac0 of formal

oranization

1ostly seen in

toddler / preschooler


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"pes of Pla""pes of Pla"Dramatic Play act out roles and

experiences that happened to them

Familiarization Play

Allows children to handle materials innon-threatening way. elpful inpreparing child for procedures.


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Functions of Pla"Functions of Pla"

.hysical Development

*onitive Development

)motional Development

6ocial Development

1oral Development


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utritional $ssessmentutritional $ssessment

A nutritional assessment is anessential component of the health

e#amination of infants andchildren"


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/e" Dietar"/e" Dietar"0ecommendations 0ecommendations

*onsume whole rains

*hildren $/@ should consume $ cups

of low/fat mil0 or equivalent mil0 products and

children years and older should consume B cups

3imit ?uices, eat fruit and veetables each day

4atch fat inta0e" .olyunsaturated andmonounsaturated fatty acids such as sh, nuts, andveetable oils should be the primary source


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'" P"ramid'" P"ramid

Eat 0ight-Eat 0ight-

ExerciseExercise

!ave Fun !ave Fun


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utrition and $ctivit"utrition and $ctivit"

Due to increase in childhood obesity,parents should encourae their childrento increase daily physical activity"

.lan reular periods of e#ercise

1a0e e#ercise a fun and habitualactivity"


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Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

'ilestones'ilestones


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IF$IF$

!"#$ $% &' (%)$*

Ph i l G th d D l t 'il t D i I fPh i l G th d D l t 'il t D i I f


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Ph"sical Growth and Development 'ilestones During Infanc"Ph"sical Growth and Development 'ilestones During Infanc"

1irth to 2 month1irth to 2 month


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In-anc! . /01 *on#hs


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Infanc" % 5%6 months


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In-anc! 0 23024 *on#hs


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%/B months CeEe# smile that becomes morevoluntary and reciprocal

B/( months 2abblin, cryin more di!erentiated

(/' months 6quealin, playin with sound,identifyin parentFs voice

'/@ months 6inle/consonant babblin, increasininterest in sound

@/ months 6trinin of vowels and consonants, use of somewords

/%$ months ocabulary of two to three words, use

of estures

'ilestones in Infant Communication'ilestones in Infant Communication


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.DD7E0.DD7E0

&-+ years


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Developmental milestones for oddler


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Pre%schoolerPre%schooler

,- years of age

'il t f th P h l'il t f th P h l


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'ilestones for the Preschooler'ilestones for the Preschooler


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ummar" of /e" points % preschoolerummar" of /e" points % preschooler

+ursin Interventions

)ncourae parents to be involved in care of child"

.rovide safe versions of medical equipment for playtime"

Give clear e#planations about procedures and illnesses"

1ilestones 9ses scissors"

Cides bicycle with trainin wheels"

8hrows a ball"

4rites a few letters"

All parts of speech well/developed"


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chool%age Childchool%age Child

-&' years old


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De)elo*en#al Miles#ones . School0a"eDe)elo*en#al Miles#ones . School0a"e


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ummar" of /e" points 8 chool%ageummar" of /e" points 8 chool%age

+ursin Interventions

.rovide for privacy and modesty"

)#plain treatments and procedures clearly"

)ncourae continuation of school wor0" 1ilestones

.ossesses readin ability"

Cides a two/wheeled bi0e"

Jumps rope" .lays oranized sports"

1ature use of lanuae"


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$dolescent age$dolescent age

&'-'& years


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$dolescent$dolescent Ps"chosocial development

Independence

Identit"

Peers

7anguage use

Exploration and re9ellion

eed for privac"

exualit"

Cognitive development Formal operations

$9stract thin+ing


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ummar" of /e" points 8 $dolescentummar" of /e" points 8 $dolescent

+ursin Interventions .rovide privacy"

Interview and e#amine adolescent without parents present, ifpossible"

)ncourae adolescent participation in treatment and decision

ma0in" )ncourae visitation of peers"

1ilestones

-ine motor s0ills well/developed"

Gross motor s0ills improve due to rowth spurts"

Able to apply abstract thouht and analysis"

Unit_III_Motor Milestones.ppt

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