Unit Intro & Manifest DestinyPlease pick up Class Notes #16 and take out the following:

*Focus #16 – turn in maps only for credit*Unit Guide with homework 9, 10, & 11

We will:*introduce the “National Expansion & Civil War”

unit*explain how and why Americans moved west to

the Pacific in the early 1800s*map America’s expansion westward from 1783

to 1853

Schedule Changes Due to Snow DayWrite these down on the unit guide:

*Thursday, Dec. 12 (today) - Manifest Destiny, Focus 17*Monday, Dec. 16 – we will still be in lab 231 to work on the Civil War exhibit – bring materials/research, Focus 17 and H9 collected for credit*Wednesday, Dec. 18 – Polk & the Mexican-American War and Focus 18; QUARTER EXHIBITS ARE STILL DUE THIS DAY!*Friday, Dec. 20 – Quiz #4 and Focus 18: Road to Secession

We will need to cancel the exhibition – we will post exhibits in the classroom after breakOptional HW 10 and all “Young Republic” make-up

materials still due by December 20

The Drive WestwardWestward migration in the early 1800s was motivated by:

• relatively cheap land• growth/overcrowding

of Northeastern cities due to immigration

• exhaustion of land due to tobacco/cotton agriculture

• desire for freedom

Political & Social Factors

1. John Louis O’Sullivan coined the phrase “Manifest Destiny” in the Democratic Review (1839) – expansion as an American “right”

2. Horace Greeley, publisher of the New York Tribune advised, “Go West, young man, go West!” – expansion as a “safety valve” for easing social tensions

3. National Reform Association campaigned for free land with the slogan “vote yourself a farm!” – led to the free-soil movement and eventually the Homestead Act of 1862

Technology• Technology advances made expansion/settlement

possible:– Samuel F.B. Morse’s telegraph (1832)

– Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical reaper (1834)

– Samuel Colt’s revolver (1836)

– Expansion of the railway network (1830s-on)

American Pioneers Move West

Movement of settlers westward predated territorial expansion– Santa Fe Trail connected America with Southwest– growing attraction of California – access to the

Pacific– Brigham Young led the Mormons to the Salt Lake

basin in the 1840s to escape persecution back east– Oregon Trail started in the 1830s; settlers traveled

by Conestoga wagon to the Willamette Valley

Western Trails

Texas Independence• Mexico offered land grants to Americans in the 1820s;

Stephen Austin was the most successful empresario (land agent)

• tensions grew between Texans and Mexicans over cultural differences and slavery

• President Santa Anna imposed taxes, rejected petitions for self-government, and sought to crush open rebellion in 1835

• Texas War of Independence (1835-36) produced an independent Republic of Texas led by its own president, Sam Houston

• Annexation by the U.S. was delayed by concerns over reopening the slavery debate, since Texans wanted to keep their slaves

“Remember the Alamo!”http://10.120.2.41/SAFARI/montage/play.php?frompage=play&keyindex=118462&location=005849&chapterskeyindex=382779&sceneclipskeyindex=-1

Westward Expansion• Work with your partner to complete Focus 17:

Westward Expansion (due by Monday)

• You can also work to complete Focus 16 (due today) if you have not already done so

• Both focus activities are being collected for stand-alone formative credit

• Homework 9 is also due Monday

• Be prepared to bring exhibit research with you to the work session in lab 231 on Monday