UNIT 5: NUCLEIC ACIDS & PROTEINS REVIEW

Nucleic Acids are Polymers made of

_________________________

3 Parts:

a) _____________ group

b) 5-Carbon ____________

c) ___________ base

2 Types: ________ & _______

b)

a)

c)

d)

e)

PYRIMIDINES

PURINES

RNA Sugar =

_____________

RNA is

___________

Stranded

RNA has _____

DNA Sugar = _____________

DNA is ___________ Stranded

DNA has _____

A bonds to _____; G bonds to ______

___________ bonds hold N bases together to form the

________ helix

Pyrimidines = ____,

____, & ____

Purines = ____ & ____

Pyrimidines _________

bond to Purines

G bonds to ___

A bonds to ___ or ___

DNA is found in the __________ of

eukaryotic cells in the form of

______________

Chromosomes are ___________

wound around proteins called

____________

Sections of DNA that code for a

protein are called ___________

_____________ chromosomes have the

same ________ (possibly different alleles)

DNA replication =

Original strands are used as a

____________ to build new

_______________ strands

Enzymes help with this process:

____________ breaks the

hydrogen bonds between the

complimentary strands

_______________ build the new

strands and then proofread the

nucleotide sequence

Semi-conservative DNA

Replication =

2 ______________ DNA

molecules are produced.

Each molecule is made of

one __________ strand and

one __________ strand.

_________ of DNA Replication

DNA polymerase can only move towards the

_____ end of the original DNA molecule

(New DNA is built 5’ to _____)

This means the ________ strand is built in

small sections called __________ fragments.

_________ strand (3’ end)

_________ strand (5’ end)

Central Dogma

_______ _______ ___________

1 2

Proteins are Polymers made of

_____________

4 Parts: Central _________, _________ group,

_________, __________ group & _____ group

Functions: _____________ of substances,

___________ that control the rate of reactions,

provide ____________, build __________, &

fight _____________

4

5

6

7

3

a) b) c)

3 Types of RNA

3 Types of RNA

mRNA = __________ of gene/DNA

(instructions for making the protein)

tRNA = ___________ mRNA and

____________ amino acids to the

ribosome in the correct sequence

rRNA = _____________ are made of

rRNA which __________ amino acids

together to build the _____________

Transcription

is the process of __________

DNA into the complimentary

sequence of _________

The enzyme that copies the DNA

(gene) into mRNA is

______________________

No ___ in RNA so A bonds to ___

Translation

Begins when the _______ leaves the

nucleus and goes to the __________

________ decodes the mRNA _____

bases at a time

_______ = 3 base sequence on mRNA

Codons are complimentary to the

_____________ on the tRNA

rRNA forms __________ bonds

between _______________ to form the

________________

Transcription

Transcription occurs in the

_________________

Transcribe the following DNA

into mRNA

DNA: TAC – CCG – GAT – TAG – ATC

mRNA: ____ - ____ - ____ - ____ - ____

Translate the above mRNA

into the correct sequence of

Amino Acids using the

Codon Chart

Protein: ____ - ____ - ____ - ____ - ____

1

2

3

7

8

6

5

4