Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt -...

5
1 BIOL 221 BIOL 221 Ch 5 (excerpt) Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids • Store and transfer gene3c informa3on • Gene • Unit of inheritance that codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypep3de • Makes a protein • Genes are made of DNA • A nucleic acid The Roles of Nucleic Acids The Roles of Nucleic Acids • Two types of nucleic acids: • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) • DNA • Codes for proteins • Provides direc3ons for its own replica3on • Directs synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) • Contains informa3on for protein synthesis • Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes

Transcript of Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt -...

Page 1: Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt - philipdarrenjones.comphilipdarrenjones.com/web_documents/ch_5_nucleic_acids_excerpt.pdf · Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids •Store ... proteins

1

BIOL221BIOL221

Ch5(excerpt)Ch5(excerpt)

NucleicAcidsNucleicAcids

NucleicAcidsNucleicAcids

• Storeandtransfergene3cinforma3on

• Gene

• Unitofinheritancethatcodesfortheaminoacidsequenceofapolypep3de

• Makesaprotein

• GenesaremadeofDNA

• Anucleicacid

TheRolesofNucleicAcidsTheRolesofNucleicAcids

• Twotypesofnucleicacids:

• Deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)

• Ribonucleicacid(RNA)

• DNA

• Codesforproteins

• Providesdirec3onsforitsownreplica3on

• DirectssynthesisofmessengerRNA(mRNA)

• Containsinforma3onforproteinsynthesis

• Proteinsynthesisoccursinribosomes

Page 2: Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt - philipdarrenjones.comphilipdarrenjones.com/web_documents/ch_5_nucleic_acids_excerpt.pdf · Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids •Store ... proteins

2

mRNA

Synthesis ofmRNA in thenucleus

DNA

NUCLEUSCYTOPLASM

1

mRNA

Synthesis ofmRNA in thenucleus

DNA

NUCLEUS

mRNA

CYTOPLASM

Movement ofmRNA into cytoplasmvia nuclear pore

1

2

mRNA

Synthesis ofmRNA in thenucleus

DNA

NUCLEUS

mRNA

CYTOPLASM

Movement ofmRNA into cytoplasmvia nuclear pore

Ribosome

AminoacidsPolypeptide

Synthesisof protein

1

2

3

Page 3: Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt - philipdarrenjones.comphilipdarrenjones.com/web_documents/ch_5_nucleic_acids_excerpt.pdf · Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids •Store ... proteins

3

TheStructureofNucleicAcidsTheStructureofNucleicAcids

• PolynucleoFdes

• Nucleicacidpolymer

• NucleoFde

• Monomersofpolynucleo3de

• Consistsof

• Pentosesugar

• Phosphategroup

• Nitrogenousbase

• Adenine(A),Cytosine(C),Guanine(G),Thymine(T)

• Nucleoside

• por3onofanucleo3dewithoutthephosphategroup

5′ end

Nucleoside

Nitrogenousbase

Phosphategroup Sugar

(pentose)

(b) Nucleotide

(a) Polynucleotide, or nucleic acid

3′ end

3′C

3′C

5′C

5′C

Nitrogenous basesPyrimidines

Cytosine (C) Thymine (T, in DNA) Uracil (U, in RNA)

Purines

Adenine (A) Guanine (G)

Sugars

Deoxyribose (in DNA) Ribose (in RNA)

(c) Nucleoside components: sugars

NucleoFdeMonomersNucleoFdeMonomers

• Twofamiliesofnitrogenousbases:

• Pyrimidines

• cytosine(C),thymine(T),anduracil(U)

• singlesix‐memberedring

• Purines

• adenine(A)andguanine(G)

• six‐memberedringfusedtoafive‐memberedring

• Deoxyribose

• SugarinDNA

• Ribose

• SugarinRNA

• Nucleo3de=nucleoside+phosphategroup

Page 4: Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt - philipdarrenjones.comphilipdarrenjones.com/web_documents/ch_5_nucleic_acids_excerpt.pdf · Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids •Store ... proteins

4

NucleoFdePolymersNucleoFdePolymers

• Nucleo3dePolymers

• Linkedtogethertobuildapolynucleo3de

• Simplyunfinishednucleicacid

• Adjacentnucleo3des

• Joinedbyphosphodiesterbonds(covalent)

• Formbetweenthe–OHgrouponthe3′carbonofonenucleo3deandthephosphateonthe5′carbononthenext

• Createabackboneofsugar‐phosphateunits

• Withnitrogenousbasesasappendages

• ThesequenceofbasesalongaDNAormRNApolymerisuniqueforeachgene

TheDNADoubleHelixTheDNADoubleHelix

• Doublehelix

• Twopolynucleo3desspiralingaroundanimaginaryaxis,formingaDNAmolecule

• Nitrogenousbasesbondwithoneanotherinthemiddleincomplementaryfashion

• A‐T;C‐G

• Hydrogenbonds

• AnFparallel

• Twobackbonesruninopposite5′→3′direc3onsfromeachotherintheDNAdoublehelix

• OneDNAmoleculeincludesmanygenes

• Equalsonechromosome

DNAReplicaFonDNAReplicaFon

• Semi‐conservedmodel

• Oneparentstrandyieldstwodaughterstrands

• Eachdaughterstrandcontainshalfoforiginalparentstrand

Page 5: Ch 5 Nucleic Acids excerpt - philipdarrenjones.comphilipdarrenjones.com/web_documents/ch_5_nucleic_acids_excerpt.pdf · Ch 5 (excerpt) Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids •Store ... proteins

5

DNAandEvoluFonaryRelaFonshipsDNAandEvoluFonaryRelaFonships

• Sequencesofnucleo3desinDNA

• Passedfromparentstooffspring

• Twocloselyrelatedspecies

• AremoresimilarinDNA

• Thanaremoredistantlyrelatedspecies

• Determinedby%divergence


Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids - Weeblymarshallwong.weebly.com/uploads/7/.../nucleic_acids... · Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage AP Biologyproteins

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids - Weeblymarshallwong.weebly.com/uploads/7/.../nucleic_acids... · Nucleic acids AP Biology 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage AP Biologyproteins

nucleic acids

nucleic acids

NUCLEIC ACIDS INTRODUCTION - oswego.edukadima/CHE525/NUCLEIC ACIDS_INTRODUCTI… · NUCLEIC ACIDS An INTRODUCTION Two classes of Nucleic Acids • Deoxynucleic Acids (DNA) – Hereditary

NUCLEIC ACIDS INTRODUCTION - oswego.edukadima/CHE525/NUCLEIC ACIDS_INTRODUCTI… · NUCLEIC ACIDS An INTRODUCTION Two classes of Nucleic Acids • Deoxynucleic Acids (DNA) – Hereditary

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. What are nucleic acids?

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. What are nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.

Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. Definitions Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides In eukaryotic cells nucleic acids are either: Deoxyribose nucleic.

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. Definitions Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides In eukaryotic cells nucleic acids are either: Deoxyribose nucleic.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS nucleic acids

CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS nucleic acids

Nucleic Acids:

Nucleic Acids:

Nucleic acids 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

Nucleic acids 2006-2007 Nucleic Acids Information storage.

Biochemistry 3070 – Nucleic Acids 1 Nucleic Acids Biochemistry 3070.

Biochemistry 3070 – Nucleic Acids 1 Nucleic Acids Biochemistry 3070.

21 - 1CH110 – Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids: –Maintain genetic information –Determine Protein Synthesis DNAdeoxy DNA= deoxyribonucleic.

21 - 1CH110 – Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids Nucleic acids: –Maintain genetic information –Determine Protein Synthesis DNAdeoxy DNA= deoxyribonucleic.