Unit 5: 1750-1900Unit 5: 1750-1900The Long 19The Long 19thth

Century Century

Major CharacteristicsMajor Characteristics

►European dominance of long-distance European dominance of long-distance tradetrade

► Inequalities of classes due to Inequalities of classes due to IndustrializationIndustrialization

► Inequalities of regions increase due to Inequalities of regions increase due to in imperialismin imperialism

► Independence movements, revolutionsIndependence movements, revolutions

IndustrializationIndustrialization

► Started in England b/c agricultural Started in England b/c agricultural revolution, colonies, new technology, revolution, colonies, new technology, available resources like coal and iron, available resources like coal and iron, economic and political stabilityeconomic and political stability

► Improvements in transportation- steam Improvements in transportation- steam engine, railroadsengine, railroads

► Caused problems w/ urbanization, pollution, Caused problems w/ urbanization, pollution, working conditions, creation of middle class, working conditions, creation of middle class, lessening of influence of nobles, larger gap lessening of influence of nobles, larger gap between wealthy/poorbetween wealthy/poor

ImperialismImperialism

►Western empire building by forceful Western empire building by forceful economic and political dominationeconomic and political domination

►Reasons: nationalism, new weapons, Reasons: nationalism, new weapons, need raw goods, need market for need raw goods, need market for goods, Social Darwinism, white mangoods, Social Darwinism, white man ’’s s burden, missionary, ethnic divisions burden, missionary, ethnic divisions in coloniesin colonies

ImperialismImperialism

►Exploration made possible by drugs Exploration made possible by drugs preventing spread of disease, steam preventing spread of disease, steam engineengine

►Scramble for Africa: Berlin ConferenceScramble for Africa: Berlin Conference European countries ability to claim and European countries ability to claim and

control African countries; only countries not control African countries; only countries not conquered Ethiopia and Liberia conquered Ethiopia and Liberia

► Lines drawn by Europeans make difficult Lines drawn by Europeans make difficult for some to have enough resources and for some to have enough resources and create problems of ethnic strifecreate problems of ethnic strife

ImperialismImperialism►Middle East: mostly economic imperialismMiddle East: mostly economic imperialism► IndiaIndia

British East India Company controlBritish East India Company control Sepoy Rebellion- Indian troops revolt b/c of Sepoy Rebellion- Indian troops revolt b/c of

meat cartridges, force British military to come inmeat cartridges, force British military to come in Becomes British colonyBecomes British colony Produce cotton, other products; provides good Produce cotton, other products; provides good

market b/c so many peoplemarket b/c so many people Indian National Congress: mostly Hindus; goal to Indian National Congress: mostly Hindus; goal to

promote political unity and appoint more Indians to promote political unity and appoint more Indians to positions in British govpositions in British gov’’tt

All-India Muslim League: nationalist group for MuslimsAll-India Muslim League: nationalist group for Muslims

► ChinaChina Opium Wars- British try to find something to trade with Opium Wars- British try to find something to trade with

them so bring in opium; Chinese not industrialized, behind them so bring in opium; Chinese not industrialized, behind in military technologyin military technology

Treaty of Nanjing 1842Treaty of Nanjing 1842►ExtraterritorialExtraterritorial rights: exempt from Chinese laws at 5 ports rights: exempt from Chinese laws at 5 ports►Br. Control Hong KongBr. Control Hong Kong

Open Door Policy (U.S. suggestion)Open Door Policy (U.S. suggestion)►ChinaChina’’s s ‘‘doorsdoors’’ be open to merchants from all nations be open to merchants from all nations

European sphere of influenceEuropean sphere of influence► JapanJapan

Commodore Perry Commodore Perry ‘‘requestsrequests’’ trade w/ Japan trade w/ Japan Japan industrializes, imperializes China; Korea becomes Japan industrializes, imperializes China; Korea becomes

colonycolony Meiji Restoration: Meiji Restoration: ‘‘enlightened ruleenlightened rule’’; reforms fashioned ; reforms fashioned

after Westafter West

American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism

► Monroe Doctrine – U.S. declared Americas (N/S) not Monroe Doctrine – U.S. declared Americas (N/S) not open to imperialism; backed by British open to imperialism; backed by British

► Panama Canal 1914- U.S. built, controlled; so have Panama Canal 1914- U.S. built, controlled; so have easy access to both coastseasy access to both coasts

► Spanish-American War- America mad at Spanish Spanish-American War- America mad at Spanish involvement in Cuba; we win; gain Spanish coloniesinvolvement in Cuba; we win; gain Spanish colonies

► Economic imperialism in China, Pacific: military Economic imperialism in China, Pacific: military basesbases

Political Concepts of 19Political Concepts of 19thth Century:Century:

►Political IdeologyPolitical Ideology Conservatism: believe in monarchy, Conservatism: believe in monarchy,

preserving traditionspreserving traditions Liberalism: Enlightenment principles, Liberalism: Enlightenment principles,

constitutions, individual rightsconstitutions, individual rights Radicalism: socialism, etc need radical Radicalism: socialism, etc need radical

changechange CommunismCommunism

►NationalismNationalism Loyalty to the nation not a rulerLoyalty to the nation not a ruler Self determinationSelf determination

Social Aspects of 19Social Aspects of 19thth Century Century

►Cult of domesticity: womenCult of domesticity: women’’s s responsibility at homeresponsibility at home

►Separate spheres: Separate spheres: menmen’’s sphere: the outside worlds sphere: the outside world womenwomen’’s sphere: the homes sphere: the home

►Rise of the middle classRise of the middle class

RevolutionsRevolutions►America 1776- Enlightenment, democracy, America 1776- Enlightenment, democracy,

educated elite, Declaration of Independence educated elite, Declaration of Independence (1776); Articles of Confederation (1781); (1776); Articles of Confederation (1781); Constitution (1789)Constitution (1789)

►French, 1789- Three Estates; Declaration of the French, 1789- Three Estates; Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; bloody/guillotine, Rights of Man and Citizen; bloody/guillotine, radical, reject church, class hierarchies– led to radical, reject church, class hierarchies– led to NapoleonNapoleon

►Haiti, 1800s- French busy, influenced by Am Haiti, 1800s- French busy, influenced by Am and France, slave revolt, 1and France, slave revolt, 1stst place where ALL place where ALL men completely equalmen completely equal

RevolutionsRevolutions►Mexico, 1910- church contributed, Creole Mexico, 1910- church contributed, Creole

elite uprising, civil war, create republic, elite uprising, civil war, create republic, eventually peasants able to overcome eventually peasants able to overcome elite elite

►China, 1911- upset by foreign influence, China, 1911- upset by foreign influence, series of minor uprisings, nationalist series of minor uprisings, nationalist movement, republic created; Last Chinese movement, republic created; Last Chinese dynasty (Qing) endsdynasty (Qing) ends

►Russia, 1917- civil war, communist Russia, 1917- civil war, communist revolution led by Lenin, try to quickly revolution led by Lenin, try to quickly industrialize, spurred by WWI, agriculture industrialize, spurred by WWI, agriculture collectivization collectivization