Unit 1Unit 1The Nature of BiologyThe Nature of Biology

Get out yourGet out your composition composition

books books signed policies signed policies

proceduresprocedures Parent surveyParent survey envelope with envelope with

handbook handbook moneymoney

Warm-upWarm-up August 26August 26 #1#1

InferInfer

To use evidence To use evidence and and

reason/logic to reason/logic to come up with a come up with a

conclusionconclusion

Draw a picture Draw a picture or or use the word use the word in a sentence for every in a sentence for every vocabulary warm-up. vocabulary warm-up.

Independent variableIndependent variableVs. Vs.

Dependent VariableDependent Variable

Independent variable Independent variable (IV) is the one (IV) is the one

changing factor in an changing factor in an experiment. experiment.

The dependent variable The dependent variable (DV) is the (DV) is the

measureable results measureable results of the change of the change

Draw a picture or use the word in a sentence.

Steps of the Scientific MethodSteps of the Scientific Method1. 1. Problem/PurposeProblem/Purpose- - The question the lab will answer, must The question the lab will answer, must

be testable, identifies variablesbe testable, identifies variablesa. Independent variable – a. Independent variable – factor the scientist factor the scientist

changes from group to groupchanges from group to groupb. Dependent variable – b. Dependent variable – factor the scientist factor the scientist

measures to see the effect of the independent measures to see the effect of the independent variablevariable

Variables and Controls Videoclip

Examples:Examples:Devon wants to see if different colors of light will effect the Devon wants to see if different colors of light will effect the

growth of her tomato plants. growth of her tomato plants.

Josh conducts an experiment to find out if the type of music Josh conducts an experiment to find out if the type of music he listens to while studying will increase his test scores. he listens to while studying will increase his test scores.

2. Research:2. Research: learn about the problem learn about the problem3.3. HypothesisHypothesis: educated prediction: educated prediction4.4. ProcedureProcedure: the steps in the experiment to : the steps in the experiment to

test the hypothesistest the hypothesisA.A. Control - normal conditions Control - normal conditions or absence of or absence of

independent variableindependent variable, used for , used for comparisoncomparison

B.B. Experimental group(s) Experimental group(s) have only one have only one changing variablechanging variable

5. 5. Observations/DataObservations/Data: Don’t use opinion; Use : Don’t use opinion; Use factual descriptions or measurementsfactual descriptions or measurements

6. 6. Analysis/ConclusionAnalysis/Conclusion: : Answers the purpose; Answers the purpose; accepts or rejects hypothesisaccepts or rejects hypothesis

Science is TentativeScience is Tentative

THEORY: THEORY: the most logical explanation based on the most logical explanation based on current evidence; becomes stronger as more current evidence; becomes stronger as more evidence is gatheredevidence is gathered

LAW: LAW: universal generalization that is virtually universal generalization that is virtually unchanging; gravity unchanging; gravity

** Scientific knowledge must be shared, which Scientific knowledge must be shared, which allows other scientists to repeat and verify allows other scientists to repeat and verify the work of others.the work of others.

Good Experiments Begin with Good Experiments Begin with Good questionsGood questions

•    Does exposure to ultraviolet radiation cause increased risk of Does exposure to ultraviolet radiation cause increased risk of skin cancer?skin cancer?

��                Good question, but not necessarily easy to answer, though finding Good question, but not necessarily easy to answer, though finding correlations may be relatively easy.correlations may be relatively easy.

•    Was Lee Harvey Oswald possessed by demons?Was Lee Harvey Oswald possessed by demons?

��                Bad question. Why? Well, first you must start with a definition of Bad question. Why? Well, first you must start with a definition of demon, and then come up with some demon, and then come up with some objective objective means of measuring means of measuring possessed-by-demons-ness.possessed-by-demons-ness.

•   

““Testing the Greenhouse Effect”Testing the Greenhouse Effect”Discovery EducationDiscovery Education

Watch the Mythbusters video: Watch the Mythbusters video: Watch for the parts of the scientific method we Watch for the parts of the scientific method we

discussed as you watch the video see if you can discussed as you watch the video see if you can identify the following:identify the following:

Independent variable?Independent variable? Dependent variable?Dependent variable? Control?Control? Experimental groups?Experimental groups? Constants?Constants? Good or bad experimental design?Good or bad experimental design?

Ticket out the DoorTicket out the Door 1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific 1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific

method.method. 2. A controlled experiment will only have 2. A controlled experiment will only have

____ changing variable.____ changing variable. 3. Maria tested the effect of different 3. Maria tested the effect of different

fertilizer on the growth of her grass. fertilizer on the growth of her grass. Independent variable?Independent variable? Dependent variable?Dependent variable? Control?Control?

Scientific GraphsScientific Graphs

DependentVariable is On the Y axis

Independent Variable is on the X axis

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Control GroupControl GroupThe group of test The group of test

subjects in an subjects in an experiment that are experiment that are either given the either given the “normal” “normal” conditions/dose or are conditions/dose or are not given the not given the independent variable independent variable at all. This group is at all. This group is used for comparison.used for comparison.

Homeostasis

The regulation of internal conditions

(such as temperature, oxygen levels, blood

sugar levels) that allow an organism to

survive.

Is it Living?Is it Living?

From the list below, write down the things From the list below, write down the things that you think are considered “living”.that you think are considered “living”.

treetree rockrock firefire boyboy windwind rabbitrabbit cloudcloud

grassgrass seedseed eggegg bacteriabacteria cellcell moleculemolecule featherfeather

sunsun potatopotato leafleaf fossilfossil riverriver butterflybutterfly mushroommushroom

Explain your thinking. What “rule” or Explain your thinking. What “rule” or reasoning did you use to decide if reasoning did you use to decide if something could be considered living?something could be considered living?

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STERNGRR is life!STERNGRR is life!

Write down the life process Write down the life process represented by each letter in represented by each letter in STERNGRRSTERNGRR

What is biology?What is biology?

Biology: Biology: the study of (-ology) all life (bio)the study of (-ology) all life (bio)

Includes many branches:Includes many branches:1.1. Microbiology: Microbiology: The study of microorganismsThe study of microorganisms2.2. Ecology:Ecology: The study of living things and The study of living things and

their environmenttheir environment

3.3. Cytology:Cytology: The study of cellsThe study of cells4.4. Genetics:Genetics: The study of heredityThe study of heredity5.5. Oncology:Oncology: The study of cancerThe study of cancer6.6. Botany:Botany: The study of plantsThe study of plants

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life

Organization: All life is made up of cells; all life Organization: All life is made up of cells; all life needs six essential elements (CHNOPS)needs six essential elements (CHNOPS)

Organism

Organ System

Organs

Tissues

Cells

Molecules

Atoms / Elements

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of LifeAlive! Videoclip

Energy Use :organisms must make Energy Use :organisms must make energy to construct building energy to construct building blocks in the bodyblocks in the body

Metabolism – Metabolism – all chemical all chemical reactions in an organismreactions in an organism

Examples:Examples: Synthesis – to build moleculesSynthesis – to build molecules Break down molecules (nutrition)Break down molecules (nutrition) Transport nutrientsTransport nutrients Cellular respiration – produce energyCellular respiration – produce energy

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life 3. Reproduction – 3. Reproduction – making making

more organisms, for growth or more organisms, for growth or repair; sexual or asexualrepair; sexual or asexual

4.4. Growth and Growth and DevelopmentDevelopment

• Growth – to increase in Growth – to increase in size (# of cells) size (# of cells)

• Development – change in Development – change in structure and functionstructure and function

5. Respond to Stimuli - 5. Respond to Stimuli - A reaction A reaction towards or away from a stimulus towards or away from a stimulus in the environment;in the environment;

6. Adjust to Environment6. Adjust to Environment• Homeostasis - the regulation Homeostasis - the regulation

of an organism’s internal of an organism’s internal environmentenvironment

• Adaptation - Adaptation - an inherited an inherited structure, behavior, or structure, behavior, or internal process that enables internal process that enables organisms to better survive organisms to better survive an environment.an environment.

TechnologyTechnologyCompound Light Microscope:Compound Light Microscope:• Has two lenses – ocular Has two lenses – ocular

(eyepiece) and objective to (eyepiece) and objective to view thin specimensview thin specimens

• Ocular x Objective = MagnificationOcular x Objective = Magnification

Electron microscope:Electron microscope:• Scanning electron Scanning electron

microscope: SEM – 3D imagemicroscope: SEM – 3D image• Transmission electron Transmission electron

microscope: TEM – microscope: TEM – greatest greatest magnificationmagnification

Ocular

ObjectiveObjective

STERNGRR MiniposterSTERNGRR Miniposter You and your partner will complete a handout about You and your partner will complete a handout about one one of the of the

following animal groups (Arthropod pg.16F, Amphibian 16G, or following animal groups (Arthropod pg.16F, Amphibian 16G, or Mammal 16H)Mammal 16H) Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Each Each

person should be filling out their own handoutperson should be filling out their own handout Next, create a mini-poster. Here is how to set up your poster.Next, create a mini-poster. Here is how to set up your poster.

Spell out STERNGRR going down the poster.Spell out STERNGRR going down the poster. For each life function For each life function write a sentence explaining write a sentence explaining how your animal how your animal

group uses structures to carry out these life functions. group uses structures to carry out these life functions. Include at Include at least two pictures least two pictures on your poster (these should relate to two on your poster (these should relate to two different life functions.) different life functions.)

Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Each Use the textbook pages listed on your handout to complete. Each person should be filling out their own handout.person should be filling out their own handout.

Ticket out the doorTicket out the door

1. List and describe three of the six 1. List and describe three of the six characteristics all living things have in characteristics all living things have in common.common.

2. Write out STERNGRR and what 2. Write out STERNGRR and what life process/function each letter life process/function each letter represents.represents.

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SynthesisSynthesis To make, create, To make, create,

or build materialsor build materials Organisms are constantly Organisms are constantly

making (synthesizing) making (synthesizing) proteins that are essential proteins that are essential

to life to life

MetabolismMetabolism AllAll chemical chemical

reactions reactions occurring in an occurring in an organismorganism

Life Processes: STERNGRRLife Processes: STERNGRR Synthesis – Synthesis – making materials making materials

Example: plants make sugar during photosynthesisExample: plants make sugar during photosynthesis Transport – moving chemicals from location to Transport – moving chemicals from location to

location within cell or organism.location within cell or organism. Example: Example: our circulatory system transports oxygen our circulatory system transports oxygen

and nutrients to all cells in our bodyand nutrients to all cells in our body Excretion – getting rid of wastes Excretion – getting rid of wastes

Example: urinating, sweating, exhaling carbon dioxideExample: urinating, sweating, exhaling carbon dioxide Respiration – Respiration – gas exchange AND production of gas exchange AND production of

energy (ATP)energy (ATP) Example: gas exchange; make energy from sugar Example: gas exchange; make energy from sugar

Life Processes (STERNGRR)Life Processes (STERNGRR)

Nutrition – gaining energy from food sourceNutrition – gaining energy from food source Example: eating food! Example: eating food!

Growth and Development – getting bigger Growth and Development – getting bigger and/or changing (and/or changing (puberty)puberty)

Regulation – controlling internal processesRegulation – controlling internal processes Pancreas produces insulin to lower blood sugar Pancreas produces insulin to lower blood sugar

levels in bloodlevels in blood Reproduction – producing new cells or new Reproduction – producing new cells or new

organismsorganisms

Ticket out the DoorTicket out the Door 1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific method.1. Write down the 6 steps of the scientific method. 2. A controlled experiment will only have ____ 2. A controlled experiment will only have ____

changing variable.changing variable. 3. Maria tested the effect of different fertilizer on the 3. Maria tested the effect of different fertilizer on the

growth of her grass. growth of her grass. Independent variable?Independent variable? Dependent variable?Dependent variable? Control?Control?4. Give two life processes (STERNGRR)we talked 4. Give two life processes (STERNGRR)we talked

about today and briefly explain.about today and briefly explain.

STERNGRR ProjectSTERNGRR Project Each group of 3 will be assigned an animal Each group of 3 will be assigned an animal

or plantor plant You will need to research how that You will need to research how that

organism carries out each life process organism carries out each life process (STERNGRR)(STERNGRR)

Create a powerpoint presentation with Create a powerpoint presentation with pictures and slides-pictures and slides-follow the rubricfollow the rubric

Present Tuesday – short 4 to 5 min. Present Tuesday – short 4 to 5 min. presentationpresentation

STERNGRR PresentationsSTERNGRR Presentations Take notes for each presentation, you should Take notes for each presentation, you should

have a few words to describe how each animal have a few words to describe how each animal presented carries out the essential life presented carries out the essential life processes. processes.

After the presentations you will:After the presentations you will: Make a Venn diagram to compare any two Make a Venn diagram to compare any two

organisms presented, you may not use the organisms presented, you may not use the organism your group presentedorganism your group presented

Don’t forget to write your individual summary Don’t forget to write your individual summary paragraph about your groups organism!paragraph about your groups organism!

Ticket Out the DoorTicket Out the Door

The life processes that take place in all The life processes that take place in all living organisms can be remembered as living organisms can be remembered as STERNGRR. What do the letters stand STERNGRR. What do the letters stand for?for?

Explain or define threeExplain or define three List and describe three characteristics all List and describe three characteristics all

living things have in common.living things have in common.

Flashcard Warm-upFlashcard Warm-up

Characteristics of ALL living Characteristics of ALL living organisms:organisms:

Use your notes and write down the six Use your notes and write down the six characteristics of life and a brief characteristics of life and a brief

explanation for each.explanation for each.

Unit 1 WorkUnit 1 Work

Scientific Method Lab- Questions 1-5 from Scientific Method Lab- Questions 1-5 from Blue sheet, 1J, data tables (article and Blue sheet, 1J, data tables (article and questions on back)questions on back)

1C,D, E1C,D, E STERNGRR Summary and Venn DiagramSTERNGRR Summary and Venn Diagram Characteristics of Life ChartCharacteristics of Life Chart Problem Solving pgs. 9-12Problem Solving pgs. 9-12