Unit 1

Organization of the Human Body

OBJECTIVES

Define Anatomy and PhysiologyDescribe the Structural Organization of the Human BodyExplain how the systems relate to one anotherDefine the important life processes of humans

Definitions

Anatomy – the study of structure

Physiology – the study of function

Levels of Organization

6 levels relevant to human anatomy and physiology

ChemicalCellularTissueOrganSystemOrganism

Body Systems

11 main systems to know:Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/Immune, Respiratory, Reproductive, Digestive, Urinary

Body System Project

You and your partner (that’s the person you are sitting next to in class) will be assigned one of the 11 systems.You will have to present this system to the class

Body System Project

You can use power point or simply present to the class using the white board, posters, overheads, etc…The information you must include:

Name of system, diagram of system, components of the system, functions of the system, how it interacts with at least one other system and diseases/pathology associated with the system

Life Processes

No definition of life…so how do we know???Certain characteristics that set living things apart from non-living things

Metabolism

All the chemical processes that happen in the bodyAll of the life processes considered together

Anabolism – small molecules are combined to form larger ones (synthesis)Catabolism – large molecules are broken down into smaller ones (hydrolysis)

Responsiveness

The ability to detect AND respond to changes in the internal and external environment

Movement/Transport

Motion of the whole bodyMotion of individual organsMotion of single cellsMovement of materials into/out of structures

Growth

Increase in body size due to:Increasing the size of existing cellsIncreasing the number of cellsIncreasing the amount of material surrounding the cells

Differentiation

The process by which unspecialized cells (stem cells) become specialized.Results in a change in both structure and function

Reproduction

Formation of new cells for growth or repair. (Mitosis)Production of new individuals

Although not ALL of these processes are happening in

all the cells all the time, when they do not occur properly cell death may occur which can lead to tissue damage then to organ failure then

death of the organism.