1. Understanding diseases and its major treatment MANNY P. DALEON Trainer

2. Disease A disease or medical condition is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In holistic medicine and alternative medicine tradition, disease is said to be caused by energetic imbalances in physical, emotional, spiritual, social and/or environmental needs . 3. Disease Inhumans, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and/or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. 4. Disease Inthis broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. 5. Disease Deathdue to disease is called death by natural causes. 6. Terminology 7. Infection This term broadly refers to any abnormal condition that impairs normal function. Commonly, this term is used to refer specifically to infectious diseases, which are clinically evident diseases that result from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. 8. Infection An infection that does not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning is not considered a disease. Non-infectious diseases are all other diseases, including most forms of cancer, heart disease, and genetic disease. 9. Illness Illness and sickness are generally used as synonyms for disease. However, this term is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of his or her disease. 10. Illness In this model, it is possible for a person to be diseased without being ill, (to have an objectively definable, but asymptomatic, medical condition), and to be ill without being diseased (such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or medicalizes a nondisease situation in his or her life). 11. Illness Illness is often not due to infection but a collection of evolved responses, sickness behavior, by the body aids the clearing of infection. Such aspects of illness can include lethargy, depression, anorexia, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, and inability to concentrate. 12. Disorder In medicine, a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance. Medical disorders can be categorized into mental disorders, physical disorders, genetic disorders, emotional and behavioral disorders, and functional disorders. 13. Disorder The term disorder is often considered more value-neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms disease or illness, and therefore is preferred terminology in some circumstances. In mental health, the term mental disorder is used as a way of acknowledging the complex interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors in psychiatric conditions. 14. Disorder However, the term disorder is also used in many other areas of medicine, primarily to identify physical disorders that are not caused by infectious organisms, such as organic brain syndrome. 15. Medical condition A medical condition is a broad term that includes all diseases and disorders, but can include [injuries] and normal health situations, such as pregnancy, that might affect a person's health, benefit from medical assistance, or have implications for medical treatments. 16. Medical condition While the term medical condition generally includes mental illnesses, in some contexts the term is used specifically to denote any illness, injury, or disease except for mental illnesses. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the widely used psychiatric manual that defines all mental disorders, uses the term general medical condition to refer to all diseases, illnesses, and injuries except for mental disorders. 17. Medical condition This usage is also commonly seen in the psychiatric literature. Some health insurance policies also define a medical condition as any illness, injury, or disease except for psychiatric illnesses. 18. As it is more value-neutral than terms like disease, the term medical condition is sometimes preferred by people with health issues that they do not consider to be deleterious, such as pregnancy. On the other hand, by emphasizing the medical nature of the condition, this term is sometimes rejected, such as by proponents of the autism rights movement. 19. The term medical condition is used as a synonym for medical state, where it describes a patient's current state, as seen from a medical standpoint. This usage is seen in statements that describe a patient as being "in critical condition", for example. 20. Morbidity Morbidity (from Latin morbidus: sick, unhealthy) refers to a diseased state, disability, or poor health due to any cause. The term may be used to refer to the existence of any form of disease, or to the degree that the health condition affects the patient. Among severely ill patients, the level of morbidity is often measured by ICU scoring systems. 21. Comorbidityis the simultaneous presence of two medical conditions, such as a person with schizophrenia and substance abuse. 22. Inepidemiology and actuarial science, the term morbidity rate can refer to either the incidence rate, or the prevalence of a disease or medical condition. This measure of sickness is contrasted with the mortality rate of a condition, which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval. 23. Infectious disease Aninfectious disease is a clinically evident illness resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. 24. Infectious disease These pathogens are able to cause disease in animals and/or plants. Infectious pathologies are also called communicable diseases or transmissible diseases due to their potential of transmission from one person or species to another by a replicating agent (as opposed to a toxin). 25. Transmissionof an infectious disease may occur through one or more of diverse pathways including physical contact with infected individuals. These infecting agents may also be transmitted through liquids, food, body fluids, contaminated objects, airborne inhalation, or through vector-borne spread. 26. Transmissiblediseases which occur through contact with an ill person or their secretions, or objects touched by them, are especially infective, and are sometimes referred to as contagious diseases. 27. Infectious(communicable) diseases which usually require a more specialized route of infection, such as vector transmission, blood or needle transmission, or sexual transmission, are usually not regarded as contagious, and thus not are not as amenable to medical quarantine of victims. 28. Theterm infectivity describes the ability of an organism to enter, survive and multiply in the host, while the infectiousness of a disease indicates the comparative ease with which the disease is transmitted to other hosts. 29. Aninfection however, is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as an infection may not cause important clinical symptoms or impair host function. 30. Stages In an infectious disease, the incubation period is the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms. The latency period is the time between infection and the ability of the disease to spread to another person, which may precede, follow, or be simultaneous with the appearance of symptoms. 31. Stages Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase, called viral latency, in which the virus hides in the body in an inactive state. For example, varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox in the acute phase; after recovery from chickenpox, the virus may remain dormant in nerve cells for many years, and later cause herpes zoster (shingles). 32. A cure is the end of a medical condition or a treatment that is very likely to end it, while remission refers to the disappearance, possibly temporarily, of symptoms. Complete remission is the best possible outcome for incurable diseases. 33. Aflare-up can refer to either the recurrence of symptoms or an onset of more severe symptoms. 34. Refractorydisease is a disease that resists treatment, especially an individual case that resists treatment more than is normal for the specific disease in question. 35. Scope Alocalized disease is one that affects only one part of the body, such as athlete's foot or an eye infection. 36. Scope Adisseminated disease has spread to other parts; with cancer, this is usually called metastatic disease. 37. Scope Asystemic disease is a disease that affects the entire body, such as influenza or high blood pressure. 38. Common Infectious Diseases for Massage Therapists 39. Impetigo mostlyaffects children, caused by strep or staph organisms. Superficial v vesicle which ruptures and forms a thick yellowish crust. Most commonly on the face but can spread through scratching 40. Staph Infections Infectionof hair follicles, oil glands or sweat glands cased by Staph organisms which cause inflammation and formation of abscesses 41. Food Poisoningillnessdue to ingestion of foods that are contaminated with bacteria 42. Tuberculosis (TB) inflammatoryinfection commonly involving the respiratory system currently on the upsurge due to more drug resistant strains 43. Tetanusinfectionwhich causes painful contraction of voluntary muscles 44. Viral Infectious Diseases 45. Verruca VulgarisCommonWart -raised, rough cauliflower like papules 46. Herpes Simplex coldsore/fever blisters. Highly contagious. Also accompanied by fever, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes 47. Herpes Zostershingles.Caused by same virus that causes chicken pox. Viruses live in the dorsal root ganglia 48. AIDS 49. Hepatitis 50. Chicken pox, measles and mumpshighlycontagious through respiratory pathways and direct contact. Blotches, rashes or spots and fever. 51. Rabies 52. Flu and coldfever,chills, headache, myalgia, cough and sore throat 53. Fungal Diseases (not usually contagious) 1. Athletes foot- scales, itching and redness between toes and soles of the feet 54. Fungal Diseases (not usually contagious) 1. Athletes foot- scales, itching and redness between toes and soles of the feet 2. Ringworm - red ringed patches of vesicles with itching and scaling 55. Fungal Diseases (not usually contagious) 1. Athletes foot- scales, itching and redness between toes and soles of the feet 2. Ringworm - red ringed patches of vesicles with itching and scaling 3. Thrush and yeast infections 56. Allergens - non infectious that affect the skin 1.Contact Dermatitis - skin reaction to external substance chemical irritant or hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by rash limited to area of contact 57. Allergens - non infectious that affect the skin 1.Contact Dermatitis - skin reaction to external substance chemical irritant or hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by rash limited to area of contact2.Atopic dermatitis inflammation of the skin from food allergies and inhalants 58. Allergens - non infectious that affect the skin 1.2.3.Contact Dermatitis - skin reaction to external substance chemical irritant or hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by rash limited to area of contact Atopic dermatitis - inflammation of the skin from food allergies and inhalantsHives - allergic reaction to stings, food allergies, drug allergies, or nut based oils 59. Other 1.Seborrhea dandruff 60. Other Seborrhea - dandruff 2. Psoriasis and eczema - mild itchy, red dry spots and silvery scales or dry cracked fissured skin with unknown cause 1. 61. Other Seborrhea - dandruff 2. Psoriasis and eczema - mild itchy, red dry spots and silvery scales or dry cracked fissured skin with unknown cause 3. Acne - chronic inflammation of oil glands 1. 62. Disease transmission Somediseases such as influenza are contagious and infectious. The microorganisms that cause these diseases are known as pathogens and include varieties of bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi. 63. Disease transmission Infectiousdiseases can be transmitted by as, by hand-tomouth contact with infectious material on surfaces, by bites of insects or other carriers of the disease, and from contaminated water or food (often via faecal contamination), etc. 64. Disease transmission Inaddition, there are sexually transmitted diseases. In some cases, micro-organisms that are not readily spread from person to person play a role, while other diseases can be prevented or ameliorated with appropriate nutrition or other lifestyle changes. 65. Somediseases, such as most (but not all) forms of cancer, heart disease and mental disorders, are non-infectious diseases. 66. Manynon-infectious diseases have a partly or completely genetic basis (see genetic disorder) and may thus be transmitted from one generation to another. 67. Social significance of disease Acondition may be considered to be a disease in some cultures or eras but not in others. Conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity are considered to be diseases by some developed countries, but have been regarded differently in other cultures. 68. Social significance of disease Forexample, obesity can also represent wealth and abundance, and is a status symbol in famine-prone areas and some places hard-hit by HIV/AIDS. 69. Sicknessconfers the social legitimization of certain benefits, such as illness benefits, work avoidance, and being looked after by others. In return, there is an obligation on the sick person to seek treatment and work to become well once more. 70. Asa comparison, consider pregnancy, which is not usually interpreted as a disease or sickness by the individual. On the other hand, it is considered by the medical community as a condition requiring medical care. 71. The identification of a condition as a disease, rather than as simply a variation of human structure or function, can have significant social or economic implications. The controversial recognitions as diseases of post-traumatic stress disorder, also known as "Soldier's heart," "shell shock," and "combat fatigue;" repetitive motion injury or repetitive stress injury (RSI); and Gulf War syndrome has had a number of positive and negative effects on the financial and other responsibilities of governments, corporations and institutions towards individuals, as well as on the individuals themselves. 72. Thesocial implication of viewing aging as a disease could be profound, though this classification is not yet widespread. Lepers were a group of afflicted individuals who were historically shunned and the term "leper" still evokes social stigma. Fear of disease can still be a widespread social phenomenon, though not all diseases evoke extreme social stigma. 73. Socialstanding and economic status affect health. Diseases of poverty are diseases that are associated with poverty and low social status; diseases of affluence are diseases that are associated with high social and economic status. Which diseases are associated with which states varies according to time, place, and technology. 74. Somediseases, such as diabetes mellitus, may be associated with both poverty (poor food choices) and affluence (long life spans and sedentary lifestyles), through different mechanisms. The term disease of civilization describes diseases that are more common among older people. For example, cancer is far more common in societies in which most members live until they reach the age of 80 than in societies in which most members die before they reach the age of 50.