Trong Rau Huu Co (Cai Bap)

7/22/2019 Trong Rau Huu Co (Cai Bap)

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K THUTTRNG RAU BP CI

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1. Kthuttrngv chmsc cybpci2. Kthutbn phn v thigian bn

3. Phng trsubnhhi

4. Cc giai onpht trincacy

- Sinh l cybpcitrong giai oncy non- Sinh l cybpcitrong giai onchixanh

- Sinh l cybpcitrong giai onpht trin

- Sinh l cybpcitrong giai ontril bng

- Sinh l cybpcitrong giai onvo cun- Sinh l cybpcitrong giai onthu hoch,boqun

5. Thu hoch

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NI DUNG


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1. Kthuttrngv chmsccy bpci

- Cy con mang trngc 5-6l con (35 - 45 ngy tui);

- Khi bng cn ti ncmlungrau m;

- Trnh lm tnthngbrcacy con khibngtrng;

- Lung em trng c chiurng 1-1,2m, cao 18-20cm

di khng qu 15m;- Ttnhtphiiv bn lt

phn chunghoai trckhitrngrau.

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1. Kthuttrngv chmsccy bpci(tip)

- Dng cuchocque tothnhl nh trn lung mi tcy con mibngvo;

- Khongcch cy vicy 40 -

45cm, hng vihng 50cm;- Khi t cy con cn nh

nhng, dng ngn ci v ngn

tr vun t sau nn xung

quanh gccy;- Tin hnh ti v tp t cho

cy sau khi trng.

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2.1. Bn thc ln1: Bn khi cy bn rhixanh (sau trng6-7 ngy)

- Liulngbn: 20-25 kg/10m2, sdngphn theo quytrnh 18 ngy.

- Cch bn:+ Bn theo gc: Dng cuc xi nh xung quanh gc cy,

bn lngphn vaphiridng tlpli;

+ Bn theo hng: Dng cuc rch 2 hng chy di t u

lungncuilung, bn phn vo ridng tlpli;Ch : Khi xi rnh su 7-10cm, cch gc cy 7-10cmtrnh lm tnhinbrcacy con.

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2. Kthutbn phn


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2.2. Bn thc ln2: Bn khi cy tril bng, sau 15-20 ngy(giai onpht trinthn, l)

- Lngphn bn thc: 40-35kg/10m2, bn phn choai mc;

- Cch bn: Bn gingln1 tuy nhin c thbn tptrungbng cch rch mt ng gia lung rau sau bnphn vo gia2 hng rau;

- su carnh 10-15cm sau khi bn dng tlpli;

- Thi im ny rt thch hp cho vic tp t lung rau:Dng vt liuhuckh hay ti tp tmt lp5-7cmtrn mtlung, ringphngcrau khng tpt.

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2. Kthutbn phn (tip)


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2.3. Bn thc ln3: Bn khi chunbvo cun(sau ln2: 15-20ngy)

- Lngphn bn: 30-35 kg/10m2;

- Cch bn: tohccho phn vo,dng rm r che kn phn hocdng tlphcli;

- Loiphn bn: phn 18 ngy.2.4. Bn thc ln4: Bn sau ln3 t

10-15 ngy.- Lngphn bn: 20-25 kg/10m2- Cch bn: bn theo hc;- Loiphn bn: phn 18 ngy.

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2. Kthutbn phn (tip)


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3. Phng trsu bnhhi

Cc loisu thnggp- Su xm, su xanh, su t, su khoang, rp,bnhy.

Cch phng tr

- Thngxuyn theo di vnrau vbtthcng, vsinhngrungschs;

- Dng thucthomcnhthucl, lo, cy xoan ta hocthucsinh hcphun phng ngatheo nhk;

- Cch phun: phun uchai mtl;

- Trngbsung cc loicy rau nhti, hnh: yl mtsloicy c khnnghtrphng ngasubnhcho

bpci.

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3. Phng trsu bnhhi(tip)

Cc loibnhthnggptrn cy bpci:- Bnhlcr,bnhthihch;

- Bnhchy mp l,bnhthinhn.

Cch phng tr:

- Chthocnhbnhngcybbnhritinhnh dng vircquanh gccy nhtrnh ly lanbnh,;

- Vsinh vnrau thngxuyn;

- Cy ittrckhi gieo trng;- Khng sdngcy conbbnhtrng.

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4. Cc giai on pht trin ca cy

- Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai oncy non;

- Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onhixanh;

- Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onpht trin;

- Sinh l cy bp ci trong giai on tri lbng;

- Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onvo cun;

- Sinh l cy bpci trong giai on thu hochv boqun.

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4.1. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai oncy con

Mcch

- Gip ta nm c cim hnh thi ca cy

bp ci trong giai oncy con;

- Bitccc yutnhhngncy con;

- T a ra cc binphp qunl ph hp.

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4.1. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai oncy con (tip)

Phngphp tinhnh- Quan st cy bpcigiai ont4-6 l v tholuncu hi:Cu 1: Hy nu nhnxt vr, thn, l giai oncy con?Cu 2: Hy nu tiu chuncamtcy con tt?

Cu 3: Nu cc yutnhhngngiai onny?Cu 4: Hy chobitccbinphp c mtcy con tt?- Trlicc cu hi:Cu1+2: Nhnxt vr, thn, l.- Vr: Rc mu trng, mcuv ngn;

- Vthn: Thn cyphithng, mpv cng;- Vl: Lphic mu xanh ctrngcaging;Thigian sinh trngv pht trincacy trong giai on

vnml t35-45 ngy.

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Cu 3. Cc yutnhhngsinh trngcy con

Thitit:

- Nngto cy dbho, pht trinkm, ci cc;

- Mato th cy dbdpnt, tri tv nir;- Manhko di th cy xuthinbnhlcr;

tai: Cy atthtnh, giu dinh dng, khngbng

m: Cy am;

Phn bn:Bn theo

ngk

thut

,ng

thi

im

;

Mtgieo: Vaphikhng dy qu v cngkhng thaqu;Thivgieo: Phigieo ngthiv;Su bnhhi: Thngxuyn theo di subnhhi.

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Cu 4:Cc binphp qunl c mtcy con tt?

- Chnhtgingtt, khng lai tp;

- Chnmua nhngcahng c uy tn, cbohnh;

- Chnngthivgieo;

- Chntthtnhhoctct pha;- Phn bnphichoai mc;

- Cch bn:

+ ivigieo vi, riuphn trnbmtlungtrnuvit.

+ ivigieo theo hng ro, bn phn theo hng trnuvit.- Lngginggieo 2g/m2, lm gin che trnh nngchiu, maritrc

tipvo lungm.

- Thngxuyn theo di subnhhi.

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4.2. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onhixanh

Mcch:

- Gip ta nmbtccimhnh thi cacybpcitrong giai onny;

- Bit c cc yu t nh hng n giai on hixanh;

- T tm ra cc binphp qun l ph hpcynhanh hixanh.

Phngphp tinhnh

- Quan st r, thn, l cacybpcitrong giai onhixanh.

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4.2. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onhixanh (tip)

Tholuncu hi:

Cu 1: Hy nu nhnxt vr, thn, l cacybpcitronggiaionny?

Cu 2: Giai on bn r hi xanh ko di bao nhiu ngy?Nuko di theo c nhhngnqu trnh sinh trngcacy khng? V sao?

Cu 3: Hy nu cc yu t nh hng n giai on ny?Cc yutnhhngnhthno?

Cu 4: Nu ccbinphp kthuttc ngrt ngngiaionhixanh?

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Cu 1: Nhnxt vr, thn, l cacy bpci- V r: cy mi trng 1-2 ngy ub ho do mi nh v

trng, rchakpnnhvchcnnght nc, dinhdng;

- Sau 4-5 ngybuisng thyl cy ti,buichiucy honhngchvislngt;

- Cy c7-10 ngy sau trng l nnh khng bhonhmitrng;

- Quan st h r: cy ra r mi nh c mu trng nn khnnght nccao hn; nhngchara l mi;- Thn c mu nu tm;

- L c mu xanh mhngiai onu.

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Cu 2: Giai onbn rhixanh ko di bao nhiu ngy?Nu ko di theo c nh hng n qu trnh sinhtrngcacy khng? V sao?

- Giai onhixanh ko di 7-10 ngy, nugiai onny kodi th s nh hng n s sinh trng v pht trin cacy, cy pht trinchm, ci cc;

- Nuko di nghal hrbtnthngcy khng hpthcchtdinh dng=> Ko di thigian sinh trngv

nngsutthp;- Bn cnhsko theo sckhng yudbsu, bnh

tncng.

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Cu 3: Cc yutnhhng

Thitit:

+ Nngto th cybho do mtnhiunc;

+ Mato cybdpnt, dbngpng vbnhlcr, c thchtcy;

+ Manhko di th toiukincho subnhhipht trin;+ Numkhng kh cao th cy pht trintt(mt70-80 %).

t: tkh th giai onhixanh ko di, dnnkhnngchngchusubnhhikm, pht trinchm, ci cc.

Ging: Gingcngnhhngngiai onhixanh.

VD: Gingkhng tt, ginglai tp, cy con gingyu.

Con ngi:

+ Con ngicngnhhngngiai onny cbitl khu chmsc.

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Cu 4: Cc binphp kthuttc ng- Lm gin che nng, ma;- Lungcao t25-30 cm trong iukinmanhiu, tu

thucvo tngthivln lungcao ph hp;- Chngingchunv tt, cy con kho, t subnh;- Thngxuyn tincgim(2 ln/ngy);- Tgcbngrmrv cc l cy kh gimcho

t;- Snxutgingcy con ngthiv;- Thngxuyn theo di subnhhi.

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4.3. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onpht trinthn, l

Mcch:

- Nm c c im hnhdng ca cy bp ci tronggiai onpht trinthn, l;

- Bit c cc yu t nhhngngiai onny;

- Tm ra cc bin php kthut tc ng rt ngn

giai onny.

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Phngphp tinhnha. Quan st, vm t cy bpci trong giai onpht trin

thn, l.


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4.3. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onpht trinthn, l (tip)

b. Tholunmtscu hi

Cu 1: Hy nu nhnxt vthn, l trong giai onny?

Cu 2: Nu cc yutnhhngngiai onny?

Cu 3: Giai on pht trin thn, l ko di bao nhiungy? Nu giai on ny ko di s nh hng ncy nhthno?

Cu 4: Nu ccbinphp kthuttc ngrt ngngiai onpht thn, l?

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Cu 1: Nhnxt vthn, l

- Trong giai onny thn, l pht trinmnh;

- Thn cy c mu tm, cnghngiai onu;

- L xanh mhn, cung l di, l dy hn, l chaxo.

Giai onny tnh tkhi ktthc giai onhixanh

ngiai ontril bng.

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Cu 2: Cc yutnhhngYutthitit:

+ Nhit thch hp t 18-22oC nu nhit trn 25oC th cy pht trinkm dobchinhanh v mtnhiunc;

+ Nngto th cybbchincnhiudnncy pht trinchm, ci cc;

+ Manhiuv nhko di th cy dbngpng, cy pht trinkm, dbbnhlcr;

m:

- mtqu thp(kh) th cy pht trinchm, do ht dinh dngkm;

- mtqu cao (qu t) dnntbnn cht, thiukhng kh, rcy ht nckm;- m khng kh qu cao (ma phn nhiu) => su bnh hi pht trin

mnh;- mkhng qu thp(qu kh) xyra hintngbchinc.

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Phn bn:

+ Cy trong giai onny cnnhiudinh dng, cbitl mtphn (bn liulngcn itkhi trng).

Su bnhhi:+ Su hi: Su xm, su xanh, su t, su khoang, bnhy, dicl, rp

+ Bnhhi: Bnhlcr.Yutcon ngi:+ Tc ngnkhu chmsc nhbn phn, ti,btsu.

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Cu 3: Giai onpht trinthn, l ko di bao nhiu ngy?- Giai onny ko di t20-25 ngy;- Nu giai on ny ko di th cy pht trin km, nng sut

thp;

Cu 4: Cc binphp kthuttc ng?- Gimbngcch tincthngxuyn, chephmtlung

(tcch gc3-5 cm);- Lm c, vun gc, vt rnh tothng thong cho cy d

pht trin;- Bn phn cn iy trckhi trng, ngm ncphntitngdinh dngthc ycho cy nhanh pht trin;

- Thngxuyn theo di vbtsu.

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4.4. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai ontril bng

Mcch

- Nmccimhnh thi cacybpcitronggiai ontril bng;

- Bitccc yutnhhngngiai onny;- Tm ra cc bin php qun l ph hp rt ngn

giai onny;

Cch tinhnh

- Quan st v v m t cy bp ci giai on tri lbng.

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4.4. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai ontril bng (tip)

Tholuncc cu nhsau:

Cu 1: Hy nhnxt vkch thcl, thn cy, cch spxpca l trong giai onny?

Cu 2: Thigian tril bng ko di bao nhiu ngy?Nukodi c nhhngnscunbpkhng? V sao?

Cu 3: Hy chobitcc yutnhhngngiai onny?Cc yutnhhngncy nhthno?

Cu 4: Nu cc binphp k thut tc ng rt ngngiaiontril bng?

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Cu 1: Hy nhnxt vkch thcl, thn cy, cch spxpca l trong giai onny ?

- Kch thcl: L pht trinmnh, l to v rng, cungl tov dy. Cc l sp xp st nhau, cc l di c mu xanh

m, cc l nn c mu xanh nht;- Cch spxpcal: L trixo ra, l nn c hnh khum, l

divung gc vithn hocngangbngvimtt;

Cu 2: Thigian tril bng?

Thigian tri l bng ko t7-10 ngy, nugiai onnyko di th cy cunbpchm,bpcunkhng ccht,

bpnhnngsutthp.

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Cu 3: Cc yutnhhng?Thitit:- Nng to, nhitcao, thiunccy pht trinkm dnn

giai ontril bng ko di;- Mato, cybngpng, subnhhipht trinnhiu;- Phn bn, dinh dngt th cy pht trinkm, nhhngn

giai ontril bng.Cu 4: Cc binphp kthuttc ng?- Tincgim;- Matophivt rnh thot nc;

- Bn phn cn ikhi trng;- Nhc, vt rnh;- Phun thucphng trsubnhhi;- Thngxuyn theo di vbtsu;

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4.5. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onvo cun

Mcch- Bitccimhnh thi ca

mu scl giai onny;- Bitccc yutnhhng

ngiai onny;- a ra cc bin php tc ngph hp;

Cch tinhnh- Quan st cy bp ci giai on

btuvo cun, angcun?- Vm tcy bpci trong giai

onvo cun?- Bc mtcybpciangcun?

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4.5. Sinh l cy bpcitrong giai onvo cun(tip)

Tholunmtscu hinhsau:

Cu 1: Hy nhn xt v hnh dng ca l trc khi vocun? Bpchnh thnh do nhngl no (l trong hayl ngoi)?

Cu 2: Cybpcitrong giai onny c myl? Vai tr vchcnngcatngloil?

Cu 3: Cc yutnhhngngiai onny? Cc yutnhhngncy nhthno?

Cu 4: Cc bin php k thut tc ng gip cy cunbp nhanh, to v chchn?

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Cu 1:

- Hnh dngcal trckhi vo cunc mu xanh m, ltrixo hon ton, l nn c hnh khum v c mu xanhnht.

- Bpchnh thnh do l pha trong cunvo.

Cu 2:

Cybpcitrong giai onny c hai loil:

- L trong: tobpthu hoch;- L ngoi: c vai tr quang hpoxy vbovl bn trong.

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Cu 3: Cc yutnhhng?Thitit:+ Nhitcao, nngnng cy cunbpchmhockhng cun

c;+ Mato, mako di gy ngpng, thir, thibp.

Su bnhhi:+ Su hi: Thng gp su xanh, su khoang, su tcbit lsu khoang;

+ Bnhhi: Chy mp l, thihch, thinhm, mvngPhn bn:- Thiu dinh dng cy pht trin km, ci cc. Bpcun nh,

cunkhng chtnngsutthp.Nc:- Cy thiunccunbpchm, bpnh, khng chtbphoc

c thcunkhng cv nhoa lun

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Cu 4: Cc binphp tc ng?

- Chncy con gingttv kho, t subnh;

- Trngngthiv, ngmt;

- Tincgimthngxuyn;

- Tabtl gi tptrung dinh dng;

- Bn phn cn ikhi trng;

- Thngxuyn theo di vbtsu;

- Phun thucphng trsu hi.

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5. Giai onthu hochv boqunbp

Thigian thu hochty thucgingv ma trng;

Thu hoch khi bp cun cht, 2 l p ngoi mt cng,bppht triny, mtbpbng lng v l gcbt

uvng. Nu thu hoch sm l cha cun cht, nng sut km.

Nu thu hoch munbp nt n, km phm cht. Nnthu hoch vo lc tri mt hay bui chiu, c th thu

hoch2 tnubp tng trngkhng u. Nngsutcibp20 - 35 tn/ha ty gingv ma v.

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