Traffic Control
description
Transcript of Traffic Control
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Traffic ControlEMU CERT
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When to use it• Vehicle Incidents• Temporary Road Closures
– Flooding– Fire– Storm Damage– Special Events
• Detours
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U.S. Highway Crashes• Leading cause of death for people
age 3 through 33 in the US.
• About 33,963 deaths per year
• About 93 deaths per day
• About 1 death every 15 minutes» 2009 Traffic Safety facts
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Who is at risk• Responders• Public
– “motoring public” in traffic backlogs/detours
– Other road users
• Victims of the crash/incident
• 1 lane of closure for 20 minutes = $10,000 in lost revenue
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Uniform• Safety Green Reflective Vest• Closed Toe Shoes• Whistle• Flashlight with Wand at night
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Uniform• Pedestrian in Dark Clothes at
Night
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Uniform – Garment Classes• Three classes of high-visibility
safety apparel. • Garments that cover the torso,
such as safety vests, are intended to meet Class 1 or Class 2 requirements.
• Class 3 covers full body
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Class 1 Garments • Intended for use in activities that
permit the wearer’s full and undivided attention to approaching traffic. There should be ample separation of the worker from traffic, which should be traveling no faster than 25 miles per hour.
• Parking lot attendants; People retrieving shopping carts from parking lots
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Class 2 Garments• Intended for use in activities
where greater visibility is necessary during inclement weather conditions or in work environments with risks that exceed those for Class 1 or perform tasks that divert their attention from approaching traffic, or that put them in close proximity to passing vehicles traveling faster than 25 mph.
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Class 3 Garments• The highest level of visibility in the
ANSI standard, and are intended for workers who face serious hazards and often have high task loads that require attention away from their work. Garments for these workers should provide enhanced visibility to more of the body, such as the arms and legs.
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UniformWhich one is brighter, again in daylight
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UniformResponder in Navy Blue Duty Uniform
Responder in NFPA Compliant Turnout Gear Responder in NFPA –
Compliant Turnout Gear and ANSI Class 3 vest
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Driver Expectancy• Stopping Sight Distance
– The distance traveled from the time a driver first detects the need to stop until the vehicle actually stops.
• Two Components– Perception/Reaction Distance– Braking/Skidding Distance
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Perception/Reaction Distance
Distance travelled by a vehicle from the instant a driver sees an object to the instant the brakes are applied.
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What’s the Typical Driver’s Perception/ Reaction Time?
0.5 seconds1.0 seconds1.5 seconds2.0 seconds2.5 seconds4.0 seconds
Be prepared for drivers who don’t stop…
As much as 2.5 seconds
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Perception/Reaction Time• At 60 mph, how far will a car
travel during perception/reaction time?
60 mph = 88 feet/secondIn 2.5 seconds,
Distance = 220 feet
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A vehicle will travel the following distances in 2.5 seconds…
Mph Feet
10 37
20 74
30 110
40 147
50 184
60 202
65 239
75 276Almost the length of a football field!
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Braking Distance• Distance traveled by a vehicle
from the instant the brakes lock up until the vehicle stops.
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A vehicle will skid the following distances…
Mph Feet10 720 3830 8640 15450 24060 34675 540
Distances are for wet weather conditions.
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Perception + Braking =Mph Feet10 4520 11530 20040 30550 42560 57075 820
Almost 3 times the length of a football field!
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At night – How far can you see headlights?
100 feet200 feet
1000 feet½ mile1 mile5 miles
10 miles
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At night – How far away can you see headlights?
100 feet200 feet
1000 feet½ mile1 mile5 miles
10 miles
Using low beams
300 feet with high beams
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Flagger Fundamentals• Primary function is to provide
safety for incident response personnel, motorists and pedestrians traveling through area.
• Flaggers are responsible for life safety.
• Flaggers must stop traffic intermittently and maintain flow at reduced speeds.
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Flagger Fundamentals• Flagger must be CLEARLY seen
by:– Standing out from the background– Standing at a distance sufficient to
permit driver response and speed reduction time
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Flagger Position• Primary concern of your safety!• Visible• In advance of incident area or at
intersection• Away from roadway obstructions
– uncluttered.
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Flagger Position• Use shoulder adjacent to traffic.
– In intersection, stand in center of intersection only if accompanied by professional.
• Have escape route• Stand alone (unless working in
tandem)• Face oncoming traffic• Watch for turns• Above all, be seen and be safe!
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Hands, Tools and Gear• In traffic control you may use:
– Hand signals– Whistles– Voice commands– Flashlights, flares– Cones, barricades– Or even a vehicle
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Hand Signals• Art of the Hand Signal
• Make eye contact with the driver
• Give only one direction at a time
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Hand Signals• STOP
• Point – arm and finger extended – look straight driver
• Hold until driver sees• Raise pointing hand so palm is
toward driver• Hold this position until driver stops
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Hand Signals• STOP two directions
• Stop traffic coming form one direction first
• Hold hand in stop position, turn to other side – repeat
• Don’t lower either arm until both lanes have stopped
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Hand Signals• START• Place yourself so one side is
toward traffic to be started:– Point with arm and finger toward first
car– With palm up, swing hand up and
over chin, bending arm at elbow– After traffic starts from one side, turn
to other side and repeat
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Hand Signals• KEEP MOVING
• Continue using same hand signal for slow or timid
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Hand Signals – Turns• Stop traffic in lanes car is to cross• Left Turn:
– Give stop signal with right arm to stop traffic in lane being crossed
– Hold stop signal with right arm and give turning gesture with left arm
• Right Turn:– Turn around to face in direction car
is to go– Halt traffic with right arm and give
turning gesture with left arm
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Hand Signals• In a intersection with only one
lane in each direction:– Left turners can block traffic
• While driver is waiting, signal driver into middle of intersection
• Point at driver, motion to move forward and point to place where you want them to stop
• Permit left turn when safe
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The Whistle• Who keeps a whistle in their
CERT Gear?
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The Whistle• Whistle use:
– One long blast with “stop” command– Two short blast with the “start”
command– Several shot blasts to get the
“attention” of a driver– A short, intermittent, blast to “keep
the traffic moving”
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Voice Commands• Seldom heard in traffic• Hand signals and whistles are
most efficient• Shouted orders may antagonize a
driver• When a driver or pedestrian don’t
understand a command, move closer to them and explain
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Flashlights• Flashlights can be used to direct
traffic at night
• Flashlights with colored extensions work for evening, foggy or rainy weather
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FlashlightsDirect Traffic Halt Traffic
Don’t stand directly in front of approaching
vehicle
Swing the flashlight at arm’s length across the
path of the approaching vehicle
Avoid blinding the driver with flashlight
beam
Allow flashlight beam to wash across the
pavement as an elongated moving spot
Use a traffic cone to enhance safety
Once traffic has stopped, step in front of car and guide next
lane of traffic
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Flares• Flares can be used to warn
oncoming traffic in situations where hazards are:– On shoulder or side of road– In a traffic lane
• Night or day
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Flares• DO NOT USE:
– Around flammable liquids or solids
– In a hazardous environmental areas such as dry grasses
– Do not lay against traffic dots or on top of painted lane markings
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Thank you!• Sgt. David Willat, Sonoma
Community College CERT• University of Kentucky, Kentucky
Transportation Center
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