NGUYN TH MINH HIN

M PHNG

CNG NGH HO HC

Nhm M phng Cng ngh Ha hc v Du kh

Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

`

LI GII THIU

Trong lnh vc cng ngh ho hc hin nay c rt nhiu phn mm m

phng ca cc cng ty phn mm c pht trin v s dng rng ri trong

thit k cng ngh, nh: PRO/II, DYNSIM (Simsci); HYSIM, HYSYS, HTFS,

STX/ACX, BDK (AspenTech); UNISIM (Honeywell-UOP); PROSIM,

TSWEET (Bryan Research & Engineering); Design II (Winsim); IDEAS

Simulation; Simulator 42,, trong ph bin nht l PRO/II, DYNSIM

(Simsci), HYSYS (AspenTech) v UNISIM (Honeywell-UOP).

S pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh ho hc trong th k 21, i hi mi

k s cng ngh cn phi hiu v s dng thnh tho t nht mt trong s cc

phn mm m phng ph bin trn.

Cc phn mm m phng u c c s nhit ng hc rt vng chc v

y , kh nng thit k linh hot, cng vi mc chnh xc v tnh thit

thc ca cc h nhit ng cho php thc hin cc m hnh tnh ton rt gn vi

thc t cng ngh. Cc cng c m phng cng ngh rt mnh phc v cho

nghin cu tnh ton thit k cng ngh ca cc k s trn c s hiu bit v

cc qu trnh cng ngh ho hc, p ng cc yu cu cng ngh nn tng c

bn cho m hnh ho v m phng cc qu trnh cng ngh t khai thc ti ch

bin trong cc nh my x l kh v nh my lm lnh su, cho n cc qu

trnh cng ngh lc ho du v cng ngh ho hc.

mc c bn, vic hiu bit v la chn ng cc cng c m phng

v cc cu t cn thit, cho php m hnh ho v m phng cc qu trnh cng

ngh mt cch ph hp v tin cy. iu quan trng nht l phi hiu bit su

sc qu trnh cng ngh trc khi bt u thc hin m phng, bi v m phng

ch cung cp cc cng c phc v cho m phng tnh ton cng ngh, m khng

th suy ngh thay cho cc k s.

Trong s UNISIM v HYSYS l cc phn mm m phng cng ngh

ha hc ang c s dng rng ri trong cc trng i hc cng ngh. Quyn

sch ny s gii thiu cho sinh vin ln u tin s dng UNISIM v c t hoc

cha c kinh nghim m phng trn my tnh, v cung l gio trnh dnh cho

sinh vin nm th ba ca cc trng i hc cng ngh, ng thi quyn sch

c th s dng nh mt ch dn cho cc kha hc cao hn trong cng ngh ha

hc, khi UNISIM nh mt cng c m phng gii quyt cc vn cng

ngh. Hn na c th s dng quyn sch ny ng thi cho c sinh vin v k

s thc hnh, nh mt ti liu hng dn hay mt quyn s tay cho cc kha

hc UNISIM.

Phn mm UNISIM chy trong mi trng Windows c giao din thn

thin vi ngi s dng. UNISIM cung ging nh tt c cc phn mm khc

lun lun c s pht trin phin bn mi, tuy nhin phn c bn hu nh khng

thay i t phin bn ny n phin bn khc, quyn sch ny hng dn s

dng UNISIM DESIGN, c cng ty Honeywell-UOP cung cp c bn quyn

ti phng th nghim Cng ngh Lc Ho du v Vt liu xc tc trng i

hc Bch khoa H Ni. Sau khi ci t ngi s dng ch cn c hiu bit c

bn v my tnh l c th s dng c. UNISIM l chng trnh m phng rt

phc tp v v th trong mt cun sch khng th cp n tt c cc vn .

Quyn sch ny t trng tm vo phn c bn ca UNISIM, nhm gip cho

nhng sinh vin ln u tin lm quen vi m phng c th nm bt c v

dn dn s dng thnh tho trong tnh ton thit k cng ngh.

Trong phm vi quyn sch ny s nghin cu tm hiu cc thit b c m

phng trong UNISIM, s dng cc cng c ca UNISIM m phng mt s

qu trnh cng ngh ho hc n gin, nghin cu nh hng ca cc thng s

cng ngh n cht lng sn phm. Chng 7 s a ra cc ng dng m

phng trong vn dng cc kin thc c cung cp trong cc chng

trc m phng mt s qu trnh cng ngh ho hc t n gin n

phc tp. V vy i hi ngi s dng phi hc nghim tc v thc hnh thnh

tho ton b cc chng trc th mi c th lm c cc bi ng dng trong

chng ny, v khi s thy ht sc th v v hiu qu.

c bit nm 2012 cc sinh vin K52 ngnh Cng ngh Ho Du tham

gia cuc thi S dng phn mm UNISIM Design thit k m phng cng

ngh do Honeywell t chc hng nm cho sinh vin Chu - Thi Bnh

Dng, t gii nht v mt gii nh.

Cc sinh vin nm cui chuyn ngnh Cng ngh Hu c Ho Du, trng

i hc Bch khoa H Ni - cc tr ging - tham gia rt nhit tnh, lm vic rt

nghim tc v c hiu qu gp phn rt quan trng ti liu ny c th

hon thnh.

Gio trnh ny c bin son ln u nn khng trnh khi thiu st, rt

mong nhn c s gp ca nhng ngi s dng sa cha b sung cho

nhng ln ti bn sau c tt hn. Xin chn thnh cm n.

Tc gi

1

MC LC

Chng 1. GII THIU V M PHNG ...................................... 3

1.1 Mc ch ca m phng .................................................................... 3

1.2 Gii thiu cc phn mm m phng cng ngh ha hc ..................... 5

1.3 Phn mm m phng UNISIM DESIGN ........................................... 6

Chng 2. PHNG TRNH TRNG THI ............................... 27

2.1 Phng trnh trng thi Cc biu thc ton hc............................. 28

2.2 Thc hin m phng ....................................................................... 28

2.3 Nhp thm bin trong Workbook ..................................................... 31

2.4 S dng Case Studies ...................................................................... 34

2.5 Thay i Fluid Package ................................................................... 37

2.6 Tm tt v n tp chng 2 ............................................................. 37

2.7 Bi tp ............................................................................................ 38

Chng 3. CC THIT B PH TR ......................................... 39

3.1 Bm ................................................................................................ 40

3.2 My nn .......................................................................................... 45

3.3 Tuc bin gin n kh (Expander) ..................................................... 51

3.4 Thit b trao i nhit ...................................................................... 55

3.5 Thp tch pha ................................................................................. 58

3.6 Cyclon ............................................................................................ 64

3.7 Ejector ............................................................................................ 68

3.8 Tm tt v n tp chng 3 ............................................................. 85

3.9 Bi tp nng cao.............................................................................. 86

Chng 4. CC THIT B PHN NG ...................................... 87

4.1 Thit b phn ng chuyn ho ......................................................... 88

4.2 Thit b phn ng cn bng ............................................................. 96

4.3 Thit b phn ng Gibbs ................................................................ 106

4.4 Thit b phn ng khuy lin tc (CSTR) ...................................... 112

4.5 Thit b phn ng dng y (PFR)................................................. 127

2

Chng 5. CC CNG C TNH TON .................................. 136

5.1 Cng c logic Adjust ..................................................................... 137

5.2 Cng c logic Set .......................................................................... 140

5.3 Cng c logic Recycle ................................................................... 144

5.4 Tnh ton thng s thp chng bng Shortcut Distillation .............. 147

5.5 Phn chia dng cc cu t bng Component Splitter ...................... 150

5.6 Bng tnh (Spreadsheet) ................................................................ 153

5.7 Ti u ho (Optimizer) .................................................................. 161

5.8 Tm tt v n tp chng 5 ........................................................... 184

Chng 6. CC M HNH PHN TCH .................................. 186

6.1 Thp hp th ................................................................................. 187

6.2 Thp chng luyn ......................................................................... 196

Chng 7. M PHNG MT S QU TRNH CNG NGH HO HC .............................................................. 215

7.1 Qu trnh dehydro ho n-Heptan sn xut Toluen .......................... 216

7.2 Qu trnh hydroclo ho etylen ....................................................... 218

7.3 Qu trnh oxi ho Etylen ............................................................... 221

7.4 Qu trnh chng tch hn hp hydrocacbon nh ............................ 223

7.5 Qu trnh tng hp Ethylene Glycol (EG) t Ethylene ................... 224

7.6 Qu trnh tng hp Maleic Anhydride (MA) t Benzene ............... 225

7.7 Qu trnh tng hp Styrene t Ethyl Benzene (EB) ........................ 227

7.8 Qu trnh tng hp Amoniac ......................................................... 228

7.9 Qu trnh c c dung dch ............................................................ 229

PFD Chng 7 ........................................................................................ 231

GII NGHA MT S CM T TING ANH TRONG M PHNG ................................................................................ 236

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................. 238

3

Chng 1. GII THIU V M PHNG

1.1 Mc ch ca m phng

M phng Simulation l phng php m hnh ho da trn vic thit

lp m hnh s, v vy cn c gi l Digital Simulation. y l mt cng c

rt mnh gii cc biu thc ton hc m t cc qu trnh cng ngh ho hc.

m phng mt qu trnh trong thc t i hi trc ht phi thit lp m

hnh nguyn l ca qu trnh v mi lin h gia cc thng s lin quan. Tip

l s dng cc cng c ton hc m t m hnh nguyn l, la chn cc

thut ton cn thit. Cui cng l tin hnh x l cc biu thc vi cc iu

kin rng buc.

Trong thc t vic tnh ton gp hai kh khn. Th nht l gii h cc

phng trnh i s phi tuyn (thng phi s dng phng php tnh lp). Th

hai l php tnh tch phn ca cc biu thc vi phn (s dng cc biu thc vi

phn hu hn ri rc xp x cc biu thc vi phn lin tc). Cc m hnh

ton hc rt hu ch trong tt c cc giai on, t nghin cu trin khai n ci

tin pht trin nh my, v ngay c trong nghin cu cc kha cnh thng mi

v kinh t ca qu trnh cng ngh.

Trong nghin cu cng ngh, da trn cc s liu nghin cu v c ch v

ng hc ca phn ng trong phng th nghim hoc cc phn xng pilot,

nh gi nh hng ca cc iu kin tin hnh qu trnh nghin cu ti u ho

v iu khin qu trnh, bao gm c nghin cu tnh ton m rng quy m sn

xut (scale-up).

Trong nghin cu thit k, tnh ton kch thc v cc thng s ca thit b

v ton b dy chuyn cng ngh, nh gi nh hng ca cc yu t ng hc,

nghin cu tng tc nh hng ln nhau ca cc cng on trong cng ngh

khi c s tun hon nguyn liu hoc trao i nhit tn dng ti u nhit ca

qu trnh. M phng tnh ton iu khin qu trnh, khi ng, dng nh my,

x l cc s c v cc tnh hung xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my.

Mt qu trnh cng ngh ho hc trong thc t l mt tp hp gm rt

nhiu yu t ht sc phc tp c nh hng ln nhau (cc thng s cng ngh

nh nhit , p sut, lu lng dng, thnh phn hn hp phn ng, xc tc,

cc qu trnh phn ng song song v ni tip, hiu ng nhit ca phn ng, cn

bng pha trong h thng,). phc tp ca qu trnh tng ln, ng ngha

vi s lng cc thng s lin quan, cc bin s, cc phng trnh, cc biu

thc ton hc, cc iu kin rng buc tng ln. Gii quyt ng thi cc vn

trn i hi mt khi lng tnh ton cc k ln, vic tnh ton bng tay i

hi rt nhiu thi gian v hu nh l khng th thc hin c mt cch chnh

xc v tin cy.

4

Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh phn mm tin hc, s ra i ca

cc phn mm m phng, vic nghin cu tnh ton thit k cng ngh bng

phng php m phng ang ngy cng pht trin, tr nn ph bin v

chim u th. M phng cng ngh bng cc phn mm m phng vi s tr

gip ca my vi tnh l gii php hiu qu, ton din v cho kt qu tin cy.

Trong ngnh cng ngh ho hc, m phng ng vai tr v cng quan

trng trong vic nghin cu thit k cng ngh, phn tch, vn hnh v ti u

ho h thng, iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh gn vi cc qu trnh trong

thc t, v c trong cc nghin cu tnh ton ti u ho v mt kinh t ca qu

trnh cng ngh.

Chng trnh m phng ni chung bao gm cc thnh phn sau:

Th vin c s d liu (cc h nhit ng, cc cu t bao gm cc tnh cht vt l v ho l ca chng,) v cc thut ton lin quan n vic

truy cp v tnh ton cc tnh cht ho l ca cc cu t v hn hp cu

t, thit lp cc cu t gi. C th b sung cc cu t, hoc thay i cc

h n v trong chng trnh p ng yu cu ca ngi s dng.

Cc cng c m phng cho cc thit b c th c trong h thng cng ngh ho hc nh: bm, my nn, tucbin gin n kh, thit b trao i

nhit, thp tch hai pha v ba pha, chng ct, hp th, trn dng, chia

dng Phn ny c cha cc m hnh ton v thut ton phc v cho

qu trnh tnh ton cc thng s ca thit b v cc thng s cng ngh

ca qu trnh cng ngh c m phng.

Cc cng c logic phc v cho vic tnh ton tun hon nguyn liu, thit lp cc thng s cng ngh, iu chnh cc thng s theo yu cu

cng ngh, tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng, tnh

ton cn bng pha,

Cc cng c m phng cc qu trnh iu khin (iu khin nhit , iu khin p sut, iu khin lu lng dng, iu khin mc cht

lng...) trong qu trnh vn hnh quy trnh cng ngh ho hc.

Chng trnh iu hnh chung ton b hot ng ca cc cng c m phng v ngn hng d liu.

Chng trnh x l thng tin: lu tr, xut, nhp, in d liu v kt qu tnh ton c t qu trnh m phng.

H tr vic kt ni gia cc chng trnh m phng khc nhau, kt ni vi cc module xy dng cc thit b c bit do ngi s dng to ra

bng cc ngn ng lp trnh nh Visual Basic, Visual C++,

5

1.2 Gii thiu cc phn mm m phng cng ngh ha hc

M phng cc qu trnh cng ngh ha hc v cng ngh ch bin du kh,

cng ngh tng hp hu c ha du c th c thc hin bng nhiu phn

mm m phng khc nhau. Trong ph bin nht l PRO/II, DYNSIM

(Simsci-Esscor), ASPEN HYSYS, ASPEN PLUS (AspenTech) v UNISIM

DESIGN (Honeywell-UOP).

Nm 1966 cng ty phn mm Simulation Science c tr s ti Los Angeles

(M) a ra phn mm m phng thp chng luyn u tin, mang tn

PROCESS l tin thn ca phn mm PROII sau ny. Ngy nay cng ty pht

trin mnh m, Invensys Systems SimSci-Esscor division (gi tt l SimSci),

tr thnh mt trong ba cng ty cung cp phn mm m phng cng ngh

mnh nht trn th gii, vi cc phn mm m phng cng ngh rt ph bin l

PROII v DYNSYM.

Nm 1969 cng ty ChemShare c tr s chnh ti Houston (M) a ra

phn mm DESIGN, c tip tc pht trin thnh DESIGN II v WINSIM,

ng dng trong lnh vc du kh. S pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip lc

du v ho du thc y s ra i ca cc gi phn mm m phng cng

ngh mi.

Trong nhng nm 1970-80 c coi l thi k hong kim ca my tnh,

ngn ng lp trnh FORTRAN tr thnh ph bin, nhiu phn mm m phng

cng ngh ra i trong giai on ny.

Nm 1976 V Nng lng ca M (US Dept. of Energy) v trng i hc

MIT danh ting cng tham gia D n H thng nng cp cc qu trnh cng

ngh (Advanced System for Process Engineering (ASPEN) Project), sau ny

c i tn thnh ASPEN PLUS (ASPEN Tech).

Cung trong nm 1976 cng ty Hyprotech c thnh lp, c tr s chnh

ti Calgary, Canada, l cng ty con ca tp on AEA Technology. Hyprotech

l cng ty chuyn pht trin v cung cp cc phn mm m phng v ti u ha

ng dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip ho cht, dc phm v du kh.

Hyprotech cung cp cc sn phm ca mnh cho 14 trong s 15 cng ty du

kh ln nht th gii, 13 trong s 14 cng ty ha cht hng u, 8 trong s 10

cng ty dc phm hng u, tt c cc cng ty x l khng kh hng u th

gii. Trong nm ti chnh 2002, Hyprotech c doanh thu khong $ 68.500.000.

Nm 1981, cng ty AspenPlus c thnh lp trn c s d n ASPEN, c

tr s ti Cambridge, Massachusetts (M) l mt cng ty chuyn cung cp phn

mm v cc dch v lin quan nh t vn, bo tr v o to. Thng 10 nm

2002, AspenPlus hon thnh giao dch mua li cng ty Hyprotech t AEA, v

6

t i tn thnh AspenTech. AspenTech pht trin mt lot cc sn phm

phn mm, bao gm c phn mm m phng cng ngh cung cp bn quyn

cho 46 trong tng s 50 cng ty ha cht ln nht th gii, 23 trong s 25 cng

ty du kh ln nht, 18 trong s 20 cng ty dc phm ln nht th gii. Trong

nm ti chnh 2003, cng ty AspenTech c tng doanh thu $ 323.000.000.

Nm 1982 nh du s ra i ca my tnh c nhn (PC). Cung trong nm

ny cng ty ChemStations pht trin phn mm ChemCAD, c ng dng

rng ri trong lnh vc ho hc.

Thng 12 nm 2004, cng ty Honeywell hon thnh giao dch mua li sn

phm Hysys bn quyn t cng ty AspenTech bao gm c m ngun v c s d

liu, v pht trin phn mm ca mnh vi tn gi l UniSim Design. Phin bn

u tin l UniSim Design R350 c cng b vo thng 5 nm 2005. n nm

2006, Honeywell nng cp v cho ra i phin bn UniSim Design R360, c

mt s ci tin lin quan n cc qu trnh vn chuyn v x l vt liu dng rn.

Nhng phin bn u tin ny c h tr c cc case m phng bng Hysys. ng

thi c th ghi li cc case m phng theo nh dng ca Hysys 2004.2 tr v

trc. iu cho php c th thc hin chuyn i gia hai phn mm Hysys v

Unisim Design. Cc tnh nng vn chuyn v x l vt liu dng rn tip tc c

nng cp trong phin bn UniSim Design R370 ra i thng 3 nm 2007.

Honeywell tip tc u t vo phn mm m phng cng ngh UniSim, s

dng c hai i ngu nhn vin pht trin c kinh nghim t AspenTech v ca

Honeywell c hiu bit su sc cc qu trnh cng ngh. n cui nm 2012

phin bn UniSim Design R410 c nng cp thm nhiu tnh nng h tr cho

m phng cng ngh. Vi phin bn ny c th lu li case m phng theo nh

dng ca Unisim hoc Hysys, thun tin cho ngi s dng c th lm vic tip tc

bng phn mm Unisim hoc Hysys

1.3 Phn mm m phng UNISIM DESIGN

UNISIM DESIGN l sn phm ca cng ty Honeywell-UOP. UNISIM l

phn mm chuyn dng tnh ton m phng cng ngh ch bin du kh v

cng ngh ho hc. UNISIM l phn mm c kh nng tnh ton a dng, cho

kt qu c chnh xc cao, ng thi cung cp nhiu thut ton s dng, tr

gip trong qu trnh tnh ton cng ngh, kho st cc thng s trong qu trnh

thit k v iu khin cc nh my ch bin du kh v tng hp ho du.

Ngoi th vin c sn, UNISIM cho php ngi s dng to cc th vin

ring hoc cho php lin kt vi cc chng trnh tnh ton hoc cc phn mm

khc nh Microsoft Visual Basic, Microsoft Excel, Visio, C++, Java Kh nng

7

ni bt ca UNISIM l t ng tnh ton cc thng s cn li nu thit lp

thng tin do s trnh c sai st v c th thay i cc iu kin cung nh

s dng cc d liu u vo khc nhau.

UNISIM c thit k s dng cho hai trng thi m phng l m phng

ng v m phng tnh. M phng tnh (Steady Mode) c s dng nghin

cu thit k cng ngh cho mt qu trnh, ti u ho cc iu kin cng ngh.

Vi mi mt b s liu ban u, mi iu kin cng ngh xc nh khi qu trnh

tnh ton hi t, kt qu thu c tng ng vi cc iu kin , khng thay

i theo thi gian. Khi thay i cc iu kin ban u hay cc ch cng ngh

khc nhau th s thu c cc kt qu khc nhau tng ng. T c th xc

nh c cc yu t nh hng ln qu trnh v mc nh hng ca tng

yu t. Bng vic so snh cc kt qu s la chn v thit lp c iu kin

ti u cho mt qu trnh no . M phng tnh c s dng nghin cu

thit k mt qu trnh cng ngh mi hoc tnh ton ci tin, pht trin m rng

quy m mt qu trnh cng ngh sn c, a ra cc phng n khc nhau so

snh nh gi nhm tm ra gii php ti u.

M phng ng (Dynamic Mode) dng m phng thit b hay qu trnh

trng thi ang vn hnh lin tc c cc thng s thay i theo thi gian,

kho st s thay i cc p ng ca h thng theo s thay i ca mt vi

thng s cng ngh. Trng thi m phng ng cho thy s nh hng ca cc

thng s cng ngh theo thi gian v c th thit lp cung nh khc phc cc s

c c th xy ra khi vn hnh cng ngh trn thc t, tm ra cc nguyn nhn v

bin php gii quyt cc s c . iu ny c ngha c bit quan trng

trong o to cc k s vn hnh, hiu bit tng tn v cng ngh, thnh tho

v c kinh nghim trc khi tham gia vn hnh nh my thc t, trong iu

kin hin nay cc nh my ho cht v du kh vi k thut hin i, vn hnh

ch t ng ho rt cao.

S dng UNISIM gip gim chi ph cho qu trnh cng ngh do c th ti

u cc thit b trong dy chuyn m vn m bo c yu cu v cht lng

sn phm. UNISIM cho php tnh ton vn tn dng nhit, ti u c vn

nng lng trong qu trnh sn xut, tun hon nguyn liu nhm tng hiu

sut ca qu trnh. UNISIM c mt th vin m cc thit b, cc cu t v cung

cp phng tin lin kt vi cc c s d liu khc, cho php m rng phm

vi chng trnh v rt gn vi thc t cng ngh.

UNISIM c mt s lng ln cc cng c m phng, h tr hiu qu trong

nghin cu m phng, vi giao din thn thin v d s dng, c bit vi

nhng ngi bt u lm quen vi chng trnh m phng.

8

Trnh t thc hin m phng theo cc bc sau y:

1. Xy dng c s m phng:

Nhp cc cu t trong thnh phn nguyn liu.

La chn h nhit ng ph hp.

Khi to cc phn ng.

2. Xy dng lu trnh PFD:

Khai bo cc thng s v thnh phn ca dng nguyn liu.

Xy dng s cng ngh vi cc thit b cn thit.

Cung cp y cc thng s cng ngh cn thit cho thit b.

3. Chy chng trnh m phng:

c kt qu.

Nghin cu, nh gi nh hng ca cc thng s cng ngh.

1. Bt u vi UNISIM

Khi ng UNISIM bng cch bm vo biu tng ca UNISIM, trn mn

hnh my tnh s xut hin giao din nh trong hnh 1.1. Trc khi thc hin

m phng, UNISIM cn phi bin i giao din ban u ny. Ti y s thc

hin la chn cc cu t cn thit v h nhit ng ph hp cho m phng.

Hnh 1.1. Giao din m u xut hin khi khi ng UNISIM

9

2. Qun l c s m phng

UNISIM s dng khi nim h nhit ng (Fluid Package) bao gm tt c

cc thng tin cn thit tnh ton cc tnh cht vt l v cn bng pha ca hn

hp nhiu cu t. Cch tip cn ny cho php xc nh tt c cc thng tin (cc

tnh cht nhit ng, cc cu t, cc cu t gi nh, cc h s tng tc bc

hai, cc phn ng ho hc, cc s liu dng bng,) bn trong mt gi.

C bn u im chnh ca cch tip cn ny:

Tt c thng tin kt ni c xc nh ti mt ni cho php to ra hay

sa i cc thng tin mt cch d dng.

H nhit ng c th c lu li sau khi xc nh v c th s dng cho

cc m phng khc khi cn n.

Danh sch cc cu t trong hn hp c lu tr ring bn ngoi h

nhit ng nn c th s dng c cho cc bi ton m phng khc khi

cn n.

C th s dng nhiu h nhit ng trong cng mt chng trnh m

phng. Tuy nhin cc h nhit ng ny cng c xc nh trong Basis

Manager.

Simulation Basis Manager l giao din thuc tnh cho php thit lp v

iu khin nhiu h nhit ng hoc danh sch cc cu t trong hn hp s

dng trong m phng.

3. Bt u m phng

S dng mt trong ba cch sau bt u mt bi m phng mi: chn

File/new/case, hoc s dng phm tt Ctrl+N, hoc bm vo biu tng new

case trn thanh cng c.

Khi giao din Simulation Basis Manager s xut hin (hnh 1.2). Trong

giao din ny c cc tab. Thng s dng cc tab sau:

Components tab s dng khi nhp cc cu t

Fluid Pkgs tab s dng khi chn H Nhit ng (Fluid Package)

Hypotheticals s dng khi thit lp cc cu t gi nh

Oil Manager s dng khi thit lp cc cu t cho du th

Reactions tab s dng khi thit lp cc phn ng ho hc

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Hnh 1.2. Giao din Simulation Basis Manager

4. Nhp cc cu t

Bc u tin khi to c s m phng l nhp cc cu t (n cht v

hp cht) s c mt trong chng trnh m phng. Trnh t tin hnh nh sau:

1. nhp cc cu t cho m phng bm vo phm Add trong giao din

Simulation Basis Manager (hnh 1.2).

2. Sau khi bm phm Add s xut hin danh sch tt c cc cu t c trong

th vin ca UNISIM (hnh 1.3).

3. Chn cc cu t cn thit cho chng trnh m phng t danh sch. C

th tm cc cu t trong danh sch bng mt trong ba cch sau y: chn

Sim Name, hoc chn Full Name, hoc chn Formula.

Menu chnh Thanh cng c

Cc tab

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Hnh 1.3. Giao din Component List

4. Nhp tn hoc cng thc cn tm vo Match pha trn. V d khi chn

Sim Name v nhp tn water vo Match, s nhn thy dng tng

ng vi water c nh du. Nu khng tm thy, c th th s dng

tn khc hoc th tm bng cc Full Name hoc Formula.

5. Khi chn c cng thc thch hp, nhp p vo cht va chn hoc

bm vo phm Add Pure nhp cht vo danh sch cc cu t

chn Selected Components.

6. pha di giao din ny c Name, c th t tn cho danh sch cc

cu t va chn.

7. Khi hon thnh cc bc trn, ng ca s ny li, s tr li giao din

Simulation Basis Manager.

Sau khi nhp cc cu t cn thit vo danh sch, lu vo mt th mc

xc nh trc khi tip tc qu trnh m phng. Chn File/Save as v chn th

mc thch hp, khng lu vo th mc mc nh xut hin.

5. La chn H nhit ng (Fluids Package)

Sau khi nhp cc cu t cho m phng, tip theo l la chn H Nhit

ng (Fluid Package) cho m phng. Fluid Package c s dng tnh ton

dng v cc tnh cht nhit ng ca cc cu t v hn hp trong qu trnh m

phng (v d nh enthalpy, entropy, t trng, cn bng lng - hi, ). V th

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vic la chn h nhit ng ph hp c ngha rt quan trng, l c s tnh

ton m phng cho kt qu ng.

1. Ti giao din Simulation Basis Manager (hnh 1.2), chn Fluid Pkgs

tab, s hin th ca s nh trn hnh 1.4.

Hnh 1.4. Giao din Fluid Package

2. Bm vo phm Add s hin th ca s nh trong hnh 1.5 chn mt

fluid pkgs ph hp. Trong bng Property Package Selection bao gm cc

h nhit ng c trong UNISIM. Bn cnh bng ny l cc phm chn

cc loi h nhit ng c chia thnh 6 nhm: Cc phng trnh trng

thi (EOSs), cc m hnh tnh ton khc nhau. Tu thuc vo thnh phn,

tnh cht ca hn hp v cc thng s cng ngh m la chn h nhit

ng ph hp.

3. T danh sch Fluid Package chn h nhit ng ph hp. Danh sch cc

Fluid Package c th c rt gn bng cch c chn lc nh cc b lc

pha bn phi danh sch (v d nh EOS, activity model, ...).

4. Khi chn c h nhit ng ph hp, nhp n chut vo (khng

cn nhp p). V d trong hnh 1.5, la chn phng trnh trng thi

Peng-Robinson.

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5. C th t tn cho fluid package vo ca s nh Name pha di giao

din. V d trong hnh 1.5 tn ca fluid package l Basis-1.

6. Sau khi kt thc bm vo du X mu gc trn bn phi ng giao

din ny li.

Hnh 1.5. Giao din Fluid Package

6. Cc m hnh nhit ng

Trong UNISIM c cc loi m hnh nhit ng khc nhau:

EOS: bao gm cc phng trnh trng thi p dng ch yu cho h

hydrocacbon, khng phn cc hoc phn cc yu. Trong tnh ton thit k

cng ngh ch bin du, kh v ho du phng trnh trng thi Peng-

Robinson ni chung c ng dng ph bin, cho php nhn c kt qu

chnh xc ng tin cy trong mt khong rng cc thng s cng ngh.

bit chi tit hn c th c thm trong ti liu hng dn s dng UNISIM

(UNISIM Simulation Basic Manual).

Activity Models: bao gm cc m hnh Chien Null, Extended NRTL,

General NRTL, Margules, Chao Seader, Grayson Streed p dng vi cc

h cht lng khng l tng.

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Chao Seader v Grayson Streed Models l cc phng php bn thc

nghim. M hnh Grayson Streed l m rng ca M hnh Chao Seader

khi c mt hydrogen. Nhng s liu tnh ton cn bng t cc biu thc

ca cc phng php ny c s dng trong Aspen HYSYS. Phng

php Lee-Kesler c s dng tnh ton entanpy v entropy ca pha

lng v pha hi.

Vapour Pressure Models: bao gm cc m hnh Antoine, Braun K10,

Esso Tabular, s dng cho cc hn hp kh l tng p sut thp nh

hn hp cc hydrocacbon nh, hn hp keton v ru trong pha lng

gn l tng.

Miscellaneous Types: bao gm cc m hnh c bit, khc vi cc m

hnh nu trn, v d nh Amine Pkg c ng dng trong tnh ton m

phng cc nh my lm ngt kh bng amin, ASME Steam c ng

dng trong tnh ton hi nc.

Cc h nhit ng c trong UNISIM cho php d on c tnh cht ca

cc hn hp t h cc hydrocacbon nh ti hn hp ca cc loi du phc tp,

v h cc hp cht c hoc khng in ly. UNISIM cung cp cc phng trnh

trng thi (PR hay PRSV) cho cc qu trnh x l hn hp hydrocacbon, cc

m hnh bn thc nghim v p sut hi ca cc h hydrocacbon nng, cc hiu

chnh hi nc cho cc d on chnh xc v tnh cht ca hi nc, v cc m

hnh h s hot ca cc h ha hc. Tt c cc phng trnh u c gii hn

phm vi ng dng, v vy cn xem xt phm vi ng dng ph hp ca mi

phng trnh vi cc h gn ging nhau.

La chn m hnh nhit ng ph hp rt quan trng, quyt nh n kt

qu tnh ton ca ton b qu trnh. y l mt th tc u tin bt u thc

hin m phng. Tu thuc vo thnh phn v tnh cht hn hp cu t, iu

kin cng ngh (nhit , p sut,) c th p dng nhng m hnh nhit ng

khc nhau nhn c kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi thc t cng ngh.

Nm 1999, hai tc gi Elliott v Lira xut s hnh cy nh m t

trn hnh 1.6 di y (BIP Binary Interaction Parameters) la chn h

nhit ng cn thit.