Title: South Africa

Charlize Theron

Dave Matthews

Roger Federer

Morgan Freeman

 Colin Powell

Warm-Up:

Who is from South Africa?

Europeans Arrive in South Africa

• Europeans desired South Africa due to the large number of resources

• Three groups clash over land (Africans, Dutch, and British)

• Various African tribes had been competing over this land for about 100 years when the Europeans arrived

Zulus• 1816-Zulu chief Shaka created a large

centralized state• Shaka’s successors fell to British forces• 1879-Zulu king Cetshwayo fought

British-British were almost defeated (shock to British due to weapon superiority)

• 1887-Zulu kingdom fell to British

Boers• 1652-Dutch are the first to settle South Africa• Dutch settlers known as Boers (farmers)• Two countries present in the area-British and

Dutch (conflict over resources and land were frequent)

• Boer War-Discovery of diamonds and gold caused the Dutch and the British to clash once again

• British were victorious and therefore controlled all of South Africa.

South Africa• Racial conflict result of colonial rule• Racially divided• 1910-Gains independence-

Constitution grants power to whites denies power to blacks

• 1948-National Party comes to power-installs system of Apartheid

APARTHEID•Complete separation of races- bans contact between whites and blacks, segregated schools, hospitals, neighborhoods, etc.•Black South Africans are forced to live on “homelands”- meant that 75% of the population lived on 13% of the land- land was largely unusable/lacked resources.•Black South Africans had to carry a passbook showing where they lived, worked, etc.- could not be in certain places.

A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982.

•1959-the government of South Africa divided the black population into ethnic groups and assigned each group to a separate territory, or bantustan. •A total of ten bantustans, called homelands by the government, were created as part of the system of apartheid.•The bantustans consisted of many fragments of land and could not support the populations assigned to them. •They were reintegrated into the rest of South Africa in 1994.

Bantustans

A Black South African shows his passbook issued by the Government. Blacks were required to carry passes that determined where they could live and work.

Houses in Soweto, a black township.

Newspaper headline on a Johannesburg street refers to a government plan in 1982 to cede territory and people to Swaziland. The people in question were not consulted in the matter.

Mandela and the End of Apartheid•1912- African National Congress was formed to fight for black rights- it was banned by the government- Nelson Mandela was leader of the ANC•1976- riots in Soweto leave 600 students dead•1976- police beat Stephen Biko (popular black leader) to death•Late 1980’s- Bishop Desmond Tutu helps get foreign governments to impose trade restrictions on South Africa due to heir apartheid policy•1989- F.W. de Klerk is elected president- legalized the ANC in 1990 and frees Mandela from prison where he had been for 27 years•1994- first universal (blacks and white vote) in South Africa- and Mandela is elected president- he steps down in 1999•1999- Thadbo Mbeki is elected- faces economic issues, problems with high rates of rape and murder and the HIV/AIDS epidemic•Mbeki has argued that AIDS is not caused by HIV and has hurt the fight against the illness.

Activity

TASK #1: Read the article about Nelson Mandela. Create a child’s picture story about Mandela’s life and struggles to bring Democracy to South Africa, (Refer to your Types of Homework Packet if you

need assistance).

TASK #2: Read the article titled, “Country Profile: South Africa” and answer the questions in your notebook.