Tipping Mar

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6 2 : 9 ^ L F X X _ N M F Y O K _ O • D O T M O C O R , N F 2 8 5 : 8 • X ? 6 : ? 8 2 - 6 2 : 9 • I ? 6 : ? 8 2 - 6 2 6 4 • www.tbppbkeafr.nga

^XT_NX_TFC OKEBKOOTBKE


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IBTA ZTGIBCO

Xlo ngkvoktbgkfc fpprgfnl tg strunturfc hosbek eokorfccy

roqubros okebkoors tg fnnopt ebvok pfrfaotors fkh sgcvo sot

prgdcoas rftlor tlfk oxpcgro strunturfc pgssbdbcbtbos. Ft

Xbppbke Afr wo docbovo tlft tlo hosbek prgnoss bs hykfabn,

roqubrbke tlo bkput gi fcc tlo ngccfdgrftgrs ofrcy gk. Ngk-

struntbgk sfvbkes fkh dottor dubchbke porigrafkno fro gkcy

sgao gi tlo afky fhvfktfeos gi f wocc-bktoerftoh hosbek.

Bkngrpgrftbke sustfbkfdco ongcgebnfc vfcuos bs fkgtlor sbe-

kbstnfkt pfrt gi rospgksbdco okebkoorbke. Xbppbke Afr bs ft

tlo igroirgkt gi fk oaorebke sponbfcty bk erook-dubchbke

strftoebos, wlbnl bkncuho rocybke gk aftorbfcs wbtl cgwor

oadghboh okorey, usbke aftorbfcs onboktcy, bkngrpgrft-

bke ronyncoh ngktokt, fkh hosbekbke igr cgke-tora hurfdbc-

bty. Uo bktoerfto tloso vfcuos bktg gur hosbek dy ngkhuntbke

rosofrnl fkh tostbke bkkgvftbvo systoas wbtlgut hopfrtbke

irga sgukh okebkoorbke prbknbpcos. Xlo tlgueltiuc fppcbnf-tbgk gi okebkoorbke prbknbpcos lfs ukcbabtoh pgtoktbfc dokostts

bk toras gi sobsabn sfioty, ngst sfvbke, fkh puro fostlotbn fp-

pofc. Gur lbelcy trfbkoh stf fppcbos tloso prbknbpcos fcgke

wbtl gur trfhoafrm bkeokubty tg drbke tlo eroftost pgssbdco

vfcuo tg gur ncbokt‒s prgònts. Uo fro ngaabttoh tg gur vbsbgk

gi strunturfc okebkoorbke fs fk bkkgvftbvo hosbek frt, fkh

gur wgrm bs bkiusoh wbtl tlft vbsbgk.

Gur bkvoktbvokoss lfs cgke dook rongekbzoh cgnfccy fkh

kftbgkfccy dy tlo okebkoorbke ngaaukbty. Kg gtlor stra

bk Nfcbigrkbf‘kgt ovok tlgso tok tbaos gur sbzo‘lfs ro-

nobvoh agro hosbek fwfrhs irga gur poors ft tlo ^trunturfc

Okebkoors Fssgnbftbgk gi Nfcbigrkbf fkh tlo ^trunturfc

Okebkoors Fssgnbftbgk gi Kgrtlork Nfcbigrkbf bk tlo cfst

tok yofrs. Uo‒vo ronobvoh tgp prgònt lgkgrs irga tlo

Kftbgkfc Nguknbc gi ^trunturfc Okebkoors Fssgnbftbgk fkh

tlo Faorbnfk Bkstbtuto gi ^tooc Ngkstruntbgk. Gur fwfrh-

wbkkbke prgònts rfkeo irga cfreo-snfco ngaaornbfc dubch-bkes bk Nfcbigrkbf tg cgw-ngst strfw-dfco lgusbke bk Nlbkf.

Xbppbke Afr bs f stra gi lbelcy smbccoh strunturfc okebkoors hohbnftoh tg okebkoorbke oxnoccokno fkh

bkkgvftbgk. Gur fpprgfnl oaplfsbzos ofrcy ngccfdgrftbgk wbtl frnlbtonts, ngktrfntgrs, fkh gtlor

hosbek pfrtkors tg hocbvor tlo eroftost vfcuo bk sobsabn fkh sustfbkfdco hosbek tg gur ncbokts.


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abelt fppcy tlo eogtonlkbnfc rongaaokhftbgks igr tlo

wgrst pfrt gi tlo dubchbke sbto tg tlo oktbro igukhftbgk. Xlbs

nfk do bkonbokt fkh oxpoksbvo.

Igr tlo hovocgpor‘wlg lfs tlo cfreost stfmo bk dubchbke

ngsts‘porlfps tlo agst oontbvo freuaokt igr ofrcy ngc-

cfdgrftbgk bs vfcuo okebkoorbke. Fk oxnoccokt oxfapco bs gur

igukhftbgk hosbek igr Grbkhf Nbty Lfcc. Zrbgr tg tlo hosbek

plfso, f vfcuo-okebkoorbke wgrmslgp bkvgcvbke tlo prg`ont

frnlbtont, okebkoors, ngktrfntgrs, fkh ngst ngksuctfkts wfs

ngkvokoh, hurbke wlbnl Xbppbke Afr rovbowoh tlo eogtonl-

kbnfc nlfrfntorbstbns gi tlo sbto wbtl tlo oktbro h osbek tofa.

_sbke tlo bkigraftbgk eftloroh irga tlbs rovbow, Xbppbke

Afr wfs fdco tg trfho g fagke hborokt typos gi igukhf-

tbgks tg fnngukt igr sbto vfrbftbgk. F tfbcgroh hosbek sbekbst-

nfktcy rohunoh ngkstruntbgk tbao fkh ngst, rosuctbke bk f

sfvbke gi agro tlfk $6::,:::.

F ^R^XOA^ FZZTGFNL Xg agro tlgrguelcy fhhross

tlo koohs gi gur ncbokts, Xbppbke Afr lfs hovocgpoh f kow

aotlgh gi qufktbiybke hosbek pfrfaotors. Bk gur wgrm gk

tlo Erook Hgra ft ^tfkigrh _kbvorsbty, wo bhoktbstoh gur

ncbokt‒s sponbstn pfrfaotors, wlbnl spfkkoh bkbtbfc ngst tg

rosofrnl vfcuo tg N:4 bapfnts, wobeltbke ofnl fnngrhbke tg

bts bapgrtfkno. _sbke tlft bkigraftbgk, tlo hosbek tofa tg-

eotlor hovocgpoh f dubchbke-systoas aftrbx, bk wlbnl tlroo

hborokt strunturfc aftorbfcs‘stooc, ngknroto, fkh wggh‘

woro ovfcuftoh. Xlo systoa slgwoh tlft stooc wfs gur dost

gptbgk, wbtl wggh irfabke fs tlo songkh nlgbno. Fs f rosuct,

f stooc dubchbke fkh f wggh-irfaoh dubchbke woro socontoh

egbke bktg hosbek. Xlo systoa fccgwoh tlo hosbek tofa tg

socont tlo agst fpprgprbfto vortbnfc fkh cftorfc systoas

dfsoh gk ngsts gvor tbao, fs wocc fs gk bkbtbfc ngst. Uo kgw

oapcgy sbabcfr aftrbnos tg hotorabko tlo dost sgcutbgks

fkh eroftost vfcuo igr gur ncbokts‒ prg`onts.


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TOÔFTNL^trunturfc hosbek bs f nroftbvo frt. Ft Xbppbke Afr, wo oaplfsbzo nroftbvbty bk gur hosbek wgrm fkh

rosofrnl. Uo lfvo pudcbsloh frtbncos fkh pftoktoh strunturfc systoas= wo lfvo wgk fwfrhs irga

gur poors. Gi eroftost bapgrtfkno, lgwovor, bs tlft gur ncbokts' prgònts efbk fk fhhoh hbaoksbgk

irga gur bkkgvftbgk fkh irosl porspontbvos.

Uo lfvo f lbstgry gi prgvok porigrafkno bk tlo strunturfc ho-

sbek gi dubchbkes wbtl ngapcox iukntbgkfc nlfccokeos, bkncuh-

bke prbvfto, bkstbtutbgkfc, stfto, fkh iohorfc ifnbcbtbos. Bk gur

hosbeks, wo low tg tlo cftost eubhocbkos igr tlo sobsabn ovfcu-

ftbgk fkh hosbek gi dubchbkes fkh fro wocc vorsoh bk f vfrboty

gi bkstbtutbgkfc sobsabn sfioty nrbtorbf. Uo lfvo pftoktoh tlo

âfrt Irfao fkh gtlor bkkgvftbvo sobsabn sgcutbgks. Uo

lfvo hovocgpoh, tostoh, fkh bkstbtutoh tlo uso gi ng rrueftoh

sloot-stooc slofr wfccs, usbke kgkprgprbotfry, g-tlo-sloci

ngapgkokts, igr fhvfknoh sobsabn porigrafkno bk ayrbfh

fppcbnftbgks. Uo lfvo pbgkooroh erook dubchbke sgcutbgks,

wlbnl bkncuho rosgurno-onbokt irfabke fkh tlo uso gi cgw-

noaokt ngknroto.

Xlgueltiuc hosbek nfk lfvo f sbekbstnfkt bapfnt gk tlo ngst

fkh utbcbty gi f dubchbke gvor bts cbiotbao. Uo fro hohbnftoh tgstkhbke tlo agst oontbvo, prfntbnfc sgcutbgks fkh igccgwbke

tlrguel gk tloso sgcutbgks irga ngknopt tg ngkstruntbgk.

^lfmo-tfdco tostbke ft _N ̂ fk Hboeg


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64

FUFTH^

Nfrqubkoz ̂ okbgr Fpfrtaokts

Tbnlagkh, NF

4:64 ÔFGKN Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc

Okebkoorbke Fwfrh gi Aorbt0 ûstfbk-

fdco Hosbek

4:66 KNÔF Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc Ok-

ebkoorbke Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno0 Totrgstt

| Tolfdbcbtftbgk

Xlo Hfvbh Drgwor Noktor

Dormocoy, NF

4:6: ÔFGKN Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc

Okebkoorbke, Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno0 ûs-

tfbkfdco Hosbek

4:6: ÔFGN Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc

Okebkoorbke, Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno0 ûs-

tfbkfdco Hosbek

4::2 _ÊDN Erook Dubchbke ûpor Lo-

rgos Fwfrhs, Erook Xofa Fwfrh

4::< Faorbnfk Ngknroto Bkstbtuto ( FNB )Ngkstruntbgk Fwfrh, Erook/Okvbrgk-

aoktfc Zrgònts

Ngrrueftoh ^loot-^tooc ^lofr Ufcc

Tosofrnl

4::2 ÔFGN Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc

Okebkoorbke, Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno0 ^tuhy |

Tosofrnl | Eubhocbkos


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6>

Hguelorty Yfccoy Lbel ^nlggc

^fk Tfagk, NF

4::5 Nfcbigrkbf Ngkstruntbgk afefzbko

(AnErfw-Lbcc Ngkstruntbgk), Dost gi

Nfcbigrkbf Ngkstruntbgk Fwfrh

Grbkhf Nbty Gnos

Grbkhf, NF


Okebkoorbke, âfcc Zrgònt Oxnoccokno

Fwfrh

4::9 KNÔF Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc Ok-

ebkoorbke, Gutstfkhbke Zrgònt Fwfrh

4::9 ̂ OFGKN Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc

Okebkoorbke, Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno0 Dost

_so gi Kow Xonlkgcgey bk Kow Ngk-

struntbgk

4


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FUFTH^

Plfke Dob ̂ nlggc fkh Auctbpco

Lgusbke Zrgònts

Lobcgke`bfke Zrgvbkno, Nlbkf

4::9 ÔFGKN Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc

Okebkoorbke, Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno0 ^po-

nbfc _so ̂ trunturos

4::9 ÔFGN Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc Ok-

ebkoorbke, Nortbstnfto gi Aorbt0 ̂ ponbfc

Tongekbtbgk

4::? Dubchbke fkh ̂ gnbfc Lgusbke Iguk-

hftbgk‒s Ugrch Lfdbtft Hfy, Ugrch

Lfdbtft Fwfrh

Cgu Lfrrbsgk Tosbhokno

@gsluf Xroo, NF


Okebkoorbke, Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno

B. Afekbk Dubchbke

Gfmcfkh, NF

4::6 KNÔF Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc Ok-

ebkoorbke, Gutstfkhbke Zrgònt Fwfrh






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6?

^tfkigrh Osngkhbhg Ybccfeo

Zfcg Fctg, NF

4::: ̂ OFGN Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc


4::: ̂ OFGKN Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc


Zfnbstn Zcfno

^fk Irfknbsng, NF

4::: Faorbnfk Bkstbtuto gi ^tooc Ngk-

struntbgk Okebkoorbke Fwfrhs gi Oxnoc-

cokno, Kftbgkfc Ubkkor

6222 KNÔF Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc

Okebkoorbke, Dost ^trunturo Fwfrh

622< ÔFGN Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc


622< ÔFGKN Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc

Okebkoorbke, L.@. Drukkbor Fwfrh

igr Oxnoccokno bk Hosbek (prosoktoh tg

Hfvbh Afr)

Xlo Cfkhafrm ft Gko Afrmot ^t

^fk Irfknbsng, NF

6222 ÔFGN Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc


6222 ̂ OFGKN Oxnoccokno bk ̂ trunturfc



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69

Doygkh dobke tonlkbnfccy suporbgr, Xbppbke Afr bs ngksnboktbgus

gi tlo prgerfaaftbn koohs gi dubchbkes fkh oxtroaocy nroftbvo bk

stkhbke ongkgabnfc sgcutbgks tg ngapcox prgdcoas. Xlobr nroftbvbty

fkh ongkgabnfc fpprgfnl lfvo dook bktoerfc tg kuaorgus

sunnossiuc prgerfas igr XAE Zfrtkors. Uo ngksbhor tloa tg do gko

gi gur dost rocftbgkslbps.

AFX X IBOCH | AFK FE BK E HBTONX GT | X AE Z FTX K OT^


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TOKGYFXBGK^ & TOX TGIBX^


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_N Dormocoy‒s Eroom Lofrst Xloftro DOTMOCOR, NF

Gko gi @glk Efcok Lgwfrh‒s agst bngkbn dubchbkes gk tlo

nfapus, tlo Eroom Xloftro bs gk tlo Kftbgkfc Toebstor

gi Lbstgrbn Zcfnos fkh bs f Nfcbigrkbf Lbstgrbn Cfkhafrm.Xbppbke Afr koohoh tg sftbsiy _N Dormocoy Nfpbtfc Zrgònt‒s

ngkstruntbgk duheot, tlo ôbsabn Tovbow Ngaabttoo‒s por-

igrafkno roqubroaokts, fkh f ngkstruntbgk snlohuco dubct

frgukh tlo sofsgkfc koohs gi NfcZorigrafknos fkh tlo

_kbvorsbty‒s ngaaoknoaokt noroagkbos.

Xlo sobsabn rotrgstt hosbek bs f snloao ngapcotocy lbhhok

wbtlbk tlo vgbhs gi tlo ngcgkkfho strunturo, bk moopbke wbtl

tlo roqubroaokts tg prgtont tlo lbstgrbn ifdrbn. Bk grhor tg

abkbabzo ngkstruntfdbcbty rbsms, Xbppbke Afr‘wgrmbke wbtl

Nfpbtfc Zrgònt‒s ngkstruntbgk afkfeor fkh tlo prgònt fr-

nlbtont‘ngkhuntoh fk oxtoksbvo bkvostbeftbgk gi tlo oxbstbke

strunturo. Xlbs bkncuhoh prgtgtypo ngrbke gi gko gi tlo ngc-

uaks wbtlbk tlo ngcgkkfho. Iurtlor, hurbke tlo iofsbdbcbty

stuhy, wo wgrmoh wbtl Ybcf Ngkstruntbgk tg hgnuaokt tlo

prgnoss fkh spooh gi ngrbke tg oksuro tlft tlo prgpgsoh hosbek

wfs subtfdco fkh rofsgkfdco gk tlo dfsbs gi ngkstruntfdbcbty

rbsm, fkh hovocgpoh f hosbek fpprgfnl ngvorbke sobsabn dubch-

bke baprgvoaokts fkh uperfhos tg tlo oxbstbke cbio-sfioty,aonlfkbnfc, ocontrbnfc, pcuadbke, fkh oxbt/fnnoss systoas.

Xbppbke Afr lfh hovocgpoh fk frrfy gi sobsabn rotrgstt ngk-

nopts igr tlo tloftor, wlbnl wfs rftoh –vory pggr‑ bk tlo

_kbvorsbty‒s ^FIOT rftbke systoa. _sbke gkcbko hosbek ngc-

cfdgrftbgk tggcs, wo rostkoh rotrgstt ngknopts wbtl rofc-tbao

bkput irga _kbvorsbty porsgkkoc fkh lbstgrbn prosorvf-

tbgk sponbfcbsts fkh socontoh twg ngknopts igr iurtlor stuhy.

Nroftbgk gi tlroo-hbaoksbgkfc aghocs bk Eggeco ^motnl_p

locpoh fssoss tlo vbsufc bapfnt gi fk oxpgsoh rotrgstt fkh

locpoh bhoktbiy ngkstruntfdbcbty nlfccokeos igr f ngapcotocy

ngknofcoh rotrgstt. Gur stuhy fcsg bkncuhoh f rovbow gi lbs-

tgrbn hgnuaokts irga _kbvorsbty frnlbvos, strunturfc gdsor-

vftbgk gk sbto, kgkcbkofr rospgkso fkfcysbs, prghuntbgk gi fk

bccustrftoh ropgrt tfreotoh tgwfrh _kbvorsbty honbsbgk-afm-

ors, fkh suppgrt gi ngk struntbgk ngst ostbaftbgk.

Frnlbtont0 Nghy Fkhorsgk Ufskoy Ngktrfntgr0 Gvorff Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor0 _kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, Dormocoy

^bzo0 95,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $?.9 abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:64


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4?

Zfnbstn Zcfno ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

Frnlbtont0 EokscorNgktrfntgr0 Zcfkt Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 Zfnbstn Tosgurnos Ergup

^bzo0 44?,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $?> abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:::

Xlo egfc gi tlbs prg`ont wfs tg rokgvfto fkh roprgerfa tlo

lbstgrbn Zfnbstn _kbgk Dubchbke tg fnngaaghfto twg vory

hborokt usos, tlo Gch Kfvy fflfeslbp stgro gk tlo cgwor stvostgrbos fkh tlo cuxury Zfcgafr Lgtoc gk tlo uppor stvo. Xlo

afkhfto tg nrofto gpok spfno subtfdco igr rotfbc konossb-

tftoh tlo roagvfc gi


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Xlo Cfkhafrm ft Gko Afrmot ^troot ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

HOXFBC GI NGTO TOBKIGTNOAOKX

Tobkigrnoaokt X-LgghNgkstkoaoktNrgss Xbos

Xypbnfc Lgrbzgktfc Tobkigrnoaokt

Ngrkor NgkstkoaoktLfbrpbk Tobkigrnoaokt

NgroUfcc

Xypbnfc Ngkstkoaokt Tobkigrnbke

Hbfegkfc Dfr FknlgrfeoNgkstkoaokt

XypbnfcLgrbzgktfcTobkigrnoaokt

Hbfegkfc Ngupcbke DofaTobkigrnoaokt

Xypbnfc Yortbnfc TobkigrnoaoktNgupcbke Dofa

Xlbs lbstgrbn, ocovok-stgry, 84:,::: si dubchbke gkno sorvoh

fs tlo lofhqufrtors igr tlo ^gutlork Zfnbstn Tfbcrgfh

Ngapfky. Xlo cfreo-snfco frnlbtonturfc fkh strunturfc rokg- vftbgk bkncuhoh tlo fhhbtbgk gi sbekbstnfkt kow fflggr spfno.

Ngkstruntoh bk 6265 gk f igukhftbgk gi tbadors hrbvok bktg

hoop hopgsbts gi dfy auh, bts strunturo ngksbsts gi f vbktfeo

rbvotoh stooc irfao wbtl bkstcc afsgkry ifåfho wfccs. Xlo

grbebkfc hosbek prgvbhoh cbttco bk tlo wfy gi cftorfc drfnbke,

fkh tlo rotrgstt snloao koohoh tg fhhross f vfrboty gi nlfc-

cokeos, bkncuhbke pggr sgbc ngkhbtbgks, cbabtoh fnnoss igr

ngkstruntbgk, lbstgrbn prosorvftbgk, fkh spfno pcfkkbke.

Xlo hosbek tofa fhhoh twg >>-iggt-squfro, 6?:-iggt-tfcc,

lgccgw ngknroto nfktbcovor tgwors fkh twg sgcbh ngknroto

slofr wfccs tg prgvbho stroketl, stbkoss, fkh tguelkoss.Xlo lgccgw ngknroto tgwors fkh tlobr igukhftbgks woro ngk-

struntoh ngapcotocy wbtlbk tlo bktorbgr spfnos gi tlo strun-

turo fkh fro sofacosscy bktoerftoh wbtl tlo oxbstbke dubchbke.

Xlo sgcutbgk bknrofsoh usfdco squfro iggtfeo, fvgbhoh ox-

pgsoh drfnbke, fkh fnngaaghftoh tlo kow aonlfkbnfc sys-

toas. Xlo hosbek fnnguktoh igr sgbc-strunturo bktorfntbgk

wbtl f igukhftbgk gi pgst-toksbgkoh hrbccoh pbors, wlbnl fro

fs hoop fs tlo dubchbke bs tfcc.

Frnlbtont0 AnNcusmoy & FssgnbftosNgktrfntgr0 Zcfkt Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 XAE Zfrtkors

^bzo0 84:,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $?: abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:::


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42

Xlo B. Afekbk Dubchbke GFMCFKH, NF

Frnlbtont0 Bdsok ôkty FrnlbtonturoNgktrfntgr0 Uostigur Ngrpgrftbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 ^TA Fssgnbftos

^bzo0 98,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $6.5 abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:::

Xlo B. Afekbk prgònt wfs f sobsabn rotrgstt gi f lbstgrbn

igur-stgry stooc-irfaoh dubchbke usbke prgppoh slofr wfccs.

Xlo cfttor fccgwoh tlo gwkor tg prosorvo tlo Frt Hong torrf-ngttf-fkh-stgko ifåfho wlbco rotfbkbke afxbaua gpok

fflggr spfno. Xlo systoa ngksbsts gi f tfcc, scokhor ngknroto

slofr wfcc prgppoh kofr tlo tgp wbtl auctbstgry hbfegkfc

stooc drfnos. Hurbke cfreo ofrtlqufmos, tlo scgttoh, dgctoh

irbntbgk ngkkontbgks gi tlo stooc prgps, fcgke wbtl ffloxurfc

ybochbke ft tlo dfso gi tlo slofr wfcc, prgvbho sobsabn-okorey

hbssbpftbke aonlfkbsas. Xlbs systoa nroftos f lbel-porigr-

afkno cftorfc systoa tlft bs coss oxpoksbvo fkh coss frnlbton-turfccy bktrusbvo tlfk obtlor stooc drfnoh irfaos g r ngknroto

slofr wfccs fntbke fcgko. Aghork ^tooc Ngkstruntbgk afef-

zbko hgnuaoktoh tlo rotrgstt bk tlo frtbnco –Zrgppoh ^lofr

Ufccs0 Ngadbkbke ^tooc Drfnos fkh Ngknroto l̂ofr Ufccs igr

ôbsabn ̂ troketlokbke gi Oxbstbke Dubchbkes.‑

irfao wbtl sgit stgry wfcc ngrronts sgit stgry


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Frnlbtont0 Bdsok/^okty FrnlbtonturoNgktrfntgr0 Zcfkt Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 ^TA Fssgnbftos

^bzo0 68


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>5

6::: Yfk Koss Fvokuo ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

Xlbs lbstgrbn dubchbke gk Futg Tgw bk ^fk Irfknbsng wfs

sobsabnfccy rokgvftoh fkh f kow stooc irfaoh strunturo

fhhoh fdgvo f kow sovok-covoc, docgw-erfho pfrmbke efrfeo.

Xlo 8?:,::: si prgònt bkncuhos stity rosbhoktbfc ukbts, twocvo

agvbo fuhbtgrbuas, sovorfc rostfurfkts, rotfbc stgros, fkh f

lofctl ncud. Xg abkbabzo tlo hbsruptbgk gi usfdco spfno dy

ngknroto slofr wfccs, bk-scfd ngccontgrs woro dubct tg hbront

sobsabn igrnos irga tlo gch dubchbke tg tlo kow stooc irfao.

Xlo igukhftbgk gi tlo prgònt bs gko gi tlo strst oxfapcos gi

abnrgpbco tonlkgcgey bk ^fk Irfknbsng.

Ft tlo cfst abkuto, bkngabke tokfkt Nruknl Ibtkoss Noktor

roquostoh f cfreo gpokbke do afho tlrguel f ùst-nga-

pcotoh trfksvorso slofr wfcc tg fhh frnlbtonturfc hrfaf

tg tlobr spfno. Uo fnngaaghftoh tlobr roquost dy fhhbke

slgtnroto robkigrnoaokt frgukh tlo kow gpokbke.

Frnlbtonts0 Iboch Zfgcb Frnlbtonts (dfso dubchbke), Hfvbh Dfmor fkh Zfrtkors (rosbhoktbfc)

Ngktrfntgr0 HZT Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpors0 XAE Zfrtkors, Lgccbhfy Hovocgpaokt, Durklfa Zfnbstn

^bzo0 ?4,::: esi

Ngapcotoh0 6225


40/113

Xbppbke Afr‒s afstory gi tlo tonlkbnfc fsponts gi tlobr trfho bs

gdvbgus bk ovorytlbke tloy hg, dut tlo frtiuckoss wbtl wlbnl tloy

uso tlobr snbokno bs wlft bs trucy roafrmfdco. Xloy‒vo locpoh us tg

soo tlo frt bk tlobr snbokno, ̀ uhbnbguscy puslbke tlo dgukhfrbos giokebkoorbke tg locp fnlbovo gur prg`ont fkh abssbgk egfcs. Xlobr

nroftbvbty, tlgueltiuckoss, fkh ukhorstfkhbke gi tlo prfntbnfcbtbos

gi gur dusbkoss fro aftnloh dy tlobr prgiossbgkfcbsa fkh hbcbeokt

igccgw tlrguel‘irga hosbek tlrguel ngkstruntbgk. Igr us,

Xbppbke Afr bs kgt f ngksuctfkt, tloy fro f pfrtkor.

X GA OFTCOR | HBTONX GT GI HOYOCGZ AOK X | DTBHE O LG_^ BK E


41/113

KOU NGK^XT_NXBGK


42/113

8:


43/113

86

Yfk Koss Aohbnfc Gno Dubchbke ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

Xlo Yfk Koss Aohbnfc Gno Dubchbke bs f iuccy rofcbzoh Cofk

fkh BZH hosbek fkh ngkstruntbgk prgònt. Xbppbke Afr cofhs

tlo strunturfc ncustor ergup, f nrbtbnfc ngapgkokt bk tlo

gvorfcc hosbek-ngkstruntbgk tofa. Xlbs ncustor ngaprbsos

tlo frnlbtont, tlo stooc ifdrbnftgr, tlo rodfr ifdrbnftgr, fkh

tlo eokorfc ngktrfntgr.

Gur fdbcbty ft wlgco-prgònt –soobke‑ wfs prgvok wlok wo

rongekbzoh tlo fflfw bk ûttor Lofctl‒s sobsabn-hosbek ro-

qubroaokts igr tlo dubchbke. Xlo fh`fnokt Nftlohrfc Lbcc

Lgspbtfc wfs afkhftoh tg aoot Baaohbfto-Gnnupfkny

sobsabn porigrafkno stfkhfrhs= bt bs aofkt tg afbktfbk iucc

iukntbgkfcbty fitor f af`gr ofrtlqufmo. Bk tlft tlo iukn-

tbgk gi tlo suppgrtbke AGD bs coss nrbtbnfc, bt wfs hooaoh

dy ûttor tg roqubro tlo porigrafkno nfpfdbcbty gi gkcy f

ngkvoktbgkfc dubchbke0 tlo dubchbke wguch pgtoktbfccy sus-

tfbk frnlbtonturfc fkh strunturfc hfafeo hurbke f af`gr

sobsabn ovokt. Bt nguch tlorody do –yoccgw tfeeoh‑ fkh cgso

iukntbgkfcbty hurbke tlo ropfbr prgnoss. Xbppbke Afr rofc-

bzoh tlft YKAGD‒s sovok covocs gi docgw-erfho pfrmbke woro

hosbekoh tg do tlo tgtfc sgurno gi pfrmbke igr tlo lgspbtfc

fkh wguch do bkfnnossbdco bi tlo AGD woro hfafeoh. Uo

tloroigro nlfccokeoh gursocvos‘fkh sunnoohoh‘tg hosbek

f sobsabn systoa usbke soci-noktorbke slofr wfccs tlft aot

tlo Baaohbfto-Gnnupfkny porigrafkno stfkhfrhs wbtlbk

tlo duheot rostrfbkts gi f ngkvoktbgkfc hosbek. Kgt gkcy hbh

gur sobsabn sgcutbgk rosuct bk ngkstruntbgk ngst sfvbkes, dut

bt fcsg fnlbovoh dottor hrbit porigrafkno tlfk tlo lgspbtfc ft

f aunl cgwor ngst.

Xbppbke Afr hosbekoh usbke Xomcf ^trunturos bk nggrhbkf-

tbgk wbtl tlo stooc ifdrbnftgr Lorrbnm fkh rodfr ifdrbnftgr

Lfrrbs ^fcbkfs. Xlbs bktoerftoh hosbek-ngkstruntbgk fp-

prgfnl wfs tfmok dy tlo tofa tg fccgw sofacoss ngkvorsbgk

gi strunturfc ngkstruntbgk hgnuaokts tg ifdrbnftbgk hrfw-

bkes. Uo fcsg hovocgpoh systoas tg okfdco tlo prfntbno gi

pfporcoss sudabttfc rovbows fkh rofc-tbao ifno-tg-ifno ro-

vbows dotwook tlo okebkoor fkh tlo hotfbcors.

Frnlbtont0 Dguchor FssgnbftosGwkor0 ûttor Lofctl/NZAN

Eokorfc Ngktrfntgr0 Zfkmgw Dubchors

^bzo0 ?::,5:: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $68: abccbgk

Zrgòntoh ngapcotbgk0 4:68


44/113

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8>

Frnlbtont0 MAH Frnlbtonts | ^tovoks fkh Fssgnbftos FrnlbtontsNgktrfntgr0 Uodngr Dubchors

Gwkor0 Nbty gi ^fk Irfknbsng | HZU

^bzo0 455,?:: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $68: abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:64

^fk Irfknbsng Zudcbn _tbcbtbos Ngaabssbgk Lofhqufrtors ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

Xlo kow ÎZ_N lofhqufrtors bs sfbh tg do gko gi tlo erook-

ost gno dubchbkes bk Kgrtl Faorbnf, ngapcoto wbtl wbkh

turdbkos, sgcfr pfkocs, fkh f Cbvbke Afnlbko tlft ronyncos

wfstowftor. Xlo cftorfc systoa wfs grbebkfccy hosbekoh fs

f twocvo-stgry dfso-bsgcftoh dubchbke tlft wguch do baao-

hbftocy rognnupbfdco fitor f cfreo ofrtlqufmo, tlok rosho-

sbekoh fs f agro ongkgabnfc stooc-irfaoh strunturo wbtl

vbsngus hfapors. Fs tlo songkh hosbek wfs stbcc stkfknbfccy

bkiofsbdco, bk 4::< Uodngr Dubchors fsmoh Xbppbke Afr tg

rohosbek tlo dubchbke bk ngknroto.

Bk rohosbekbke tlo ÎZ_N lofhqufrtors bk ngknroto, Xbppbke

Afr bapcoaoktoh gur cftost btorftbgk bk f sorbos gi –soci-

noktorbke‑ wfccs, aootbke tlo porigrafkno afkhfto. Bk fh-

hbtbgk, tlo hosbek sgcutbgk0

• fccgwoh tlo fhhbtbgk gi f tlbrtooktl stgry dy rohunbke

tlo fflggr-tg-nobcbke lobelts. Xlo fhhbtbgkfc stgry aofks

lbelor hoksbty‘f sustfbkfdbcbty egfc, kgt tg aoktbgk tlo

ongkgabn bapcbnftbgks gi eroftor usfdco rofc ostfto=

• irga fk oadghboh-okorey stfkhpgbkt, honrofsoh tlo prg`-

ont‒s nfrdgk iggtprbkt dy 5.8 abccbgk pgukhs gi nfrdgk hb-

gxbho oabssbgks bk ngapfrbsgk tg ngkvoktbgkfc ngknroto

abxos. Xbppbke Afr wgrmoh wbtl Noktrfc Ngknroto tg

hosbek sbx hborokt cgw-noaokt ngknroto abxos igr tlo

prgònt. Bk tloso abxos, Zgrtcfkh-noaokt ropcfnoaokts

rfkeoh irga 8: tg 5: pornokt, wbtl scfe fkh ffly fsl fs

tlo erook noaoktbtbgus ropcfnoaokt aftorbfcs. (Xbppbke

Afr‒s sponbfc ngknroto abx hosbeks lfvo ofrkoh COOH bk-

kgvftbgk nrohbts gk sovorfc prgònts.)

• sfvoh tlo prgònt $? abccbgk bk hbront fkh bkhbront strun-

turfc ngsts, pcus $> abccbgk bk hgwkstrofa ngsts fkh $66

abccbgk gk smbk, f tgtfc sfvbke gi $62 abccbgk, fs hosnrbdoh

bk –Xoksbgkbke Ofsos ^tross,‑ tlo iofturo frtbnco bk

Okebkoorbke Kows Tongrh ‒s Iodrufry 4:, 4:64 bssuo.


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8?

Egchok Efto Drbheo Zfvbcbgk ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

Xlo >,?:: si proifdrbnftoh vbsbtgr‒s noktor bs cgnftoh docgw

tlo tgcc pcfzf gk tlo ^fk Irfknbsng sbho gi tlo Egchok Efto

Drbheo. Bt iukntbgks fs f wocngabke noktor, aoagrfdbcbf

stgro, fkh bktorprotbvo oxlbdbt spfno= bt fcsg gors grboktf-

tbgk fkh bkigraftbgk sorvbnos.

Xlo drbelt Bktorkftbgkfc Grfkeo dubchbke, dubct bk lgkgr

gi tlo 5?tl fkkbvorsfry gi tlo drbheo, bs f hbstbkntbvo gko-

stgry stooc strunturo wbtl f pgp-up ncorostgry ft tlo rggi

covoc. Ifdrbnftoh g-sbto fkh fssoadcoh ft ^trfuss Zcfzf, bt

bs ngapgsoh gi stfkhfrhbzoh strunturfc ocoaokts, wfcc pfk-

ocs, fkh ecfzbke ukbts. Xlrguel oxtoksbvo wgrmbke sossbgks

wbtl Zrgònt Irge, Xbppbke Afr wfs fdco tg gptbabzo tlbs

stooc-irfaoh strunturo rosuctbke bk ngkstruntbgk ngst sfv-

bkes, usbke fcc dgctoh ngkkontbgks igr ofso gi ngkstruntbgk

fkh ropoftfdbcbty igr iuturo prgònts.

Frnlbtont0 @oksok Frnlbtonts

Zroifdrbnftbgk0 Zrgònt IrgeNgktrfntgr0 Ibslor Hovocgpaokt Bkn.

Gwkor0 EED Lbelwfy fkh Xrfkspgrtftbgk Hbstrbnt

^bzo0 >,?:: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $6 abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:64


48/113

89


49/113

85

Frnlbtont0 ^boeoc fkh ^trfbk FrnlbtontsNgktrfntgr0 Tfcpl Cfrsok fkh ^gks

Gwkor0 Nbty gi Grbkhf

^bzo0 68,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $< abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4::5

Fs tlo noktor gi tlbs aukbnbpfc egvorkaokt‒s gporftbgks, bk-

ncuhbke tlo pgcbno hopfrtaokt fkh gtlor bapgrtfkt sorvbnos,

Grbkhf Nbty Lfcc lfh tg iucstcc ossoktbfc-uso ifnbcbty hosbek

nrbtorbf fkh, fs sunl, prgvbhoh f ukbquo gppgrtukbty tg fh-

vfkno dgtl sustfbkfdco fkh sobsabn hosbek.

Xlo strunturfc systoa bs f lydrbh gi wggh fkh stooc irfa-

bke. ôbsabn cgfhs fro rosbstoh dy rgnmbke drfnoh irfaos

tlft roprosokt tlo cftost eokorftbgk gi rostgrftbvo systoas.

Hurbke aghorftocy bktokso ofrtlqufmos, wlbnl gnnur gnnf-

sbgkfccy, tloso irfaos roafbk rbebh, prgtontbke frnlbtonturfc

ocoaokts irga hfafeo. Hurbke cfreo fkh rfro ofrtlqufmos,

tlo irfaos nfk rgnm fs f rbebh dghy rftlor tlfk dunmco drfnos

fs tloy hg bk ngkvoktbgkfc hosbeks. Yortbnfc pgst-toksbgkoh

nfdcos prgvbho rostgrbke igrnos fkh rofcbek tlo strunturo,

wlbco iusbdco ocoaokts ft tlo dfsos gi tlo irfaos fdsgrd sobs-

abn okorey. Xlo strunturfc iusos fro cgw-ngst stooc fkecos

tlft nfk tlok do ukdgctoh fkh ropcfnoh fitor ybochbke, tlus

prosorvbke tlo usoiuc cbio gi tlo dubchbke.

Bk fhhbtbgk tg afmbke tlo dubchbke sfior, tlbs fhvfknoh

strunturfc systoa bs fcsg agro sustfbkfdco. Hosbekbke igr

sobsabn hurfdbcbty nfk rohuno hfafeo pgtoktbfc fkh ropfbr

ngst gvor tlo cbio gi tlo dubchbke. Iurtloragro, ?: pornokt

gi tlo noaokt bk tlo ngknroto wfs ropcfnoh wbtl scfe (fk bk-

hustrbfc wfsto prghunt), tlorody hrfaftbnfccy rohunbke tlo

dubchbke‒s nfrdgk iggtprbkt. Xlo prgònt ronobvoh COOH Egch

nortbstnftbgk irga tlo _ÊDN, wlbnl bkncuhoh twg strunturfc

bkkgvftbgk nrohbts igr tlo cgw-noaokt ngknroto fkh igr tlo

dubchbke‒s ronoktorbke nfpfdbcbty.

Grbkhf Nbty Lfcc GTBKHF, NF


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8<


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82

Frnlbtont0 ^gcgagk OXNNgktrfntgr0 Nflbcc Ngktrfntgrs

Hovocgpors0 Gxigrh ^t. Hovocgpaokt= Oqubty Ngaa. Dubchors

^bzo0 66:,::: esi


Ngapcotoh0 4::2

Hfvbh Drgwor Noktor | Gxigrh Zcfzf DOTMOCOR, NF

Xlbs abxoh-uso ngapcox cgnftoh bk tlo lofrt gi hgwktgwk

Dormocoy prgvbhos f ukbquo okvbrgkaokt tlft prgagtos

fkh aftorbfcbzos fk feokhf gi okvbrgkaoktfc lofctl, ùs-

tbno, fkh fhvgnfny. Xlo Hfvbh Drgwor Noktor, kfaoh igr

tlo ^borrf Ncud‒s strst oxonutbvo hbrontgr, bkngrpgrftos wgrm

fkh eftlorbke spfno0 gnos igr vfrbgus kgkprgstt grefkbzf-

tbgks, f tloftor, f rostfurfkt, fkh ovokt ifnbcbtbos. Xlo fh`f-

nokt Gxigrh Zcfzf gors f lukhroh ukbts gi afrmot-rfto fkh

fgrhfdco lgusbke sot fdgvo rotfbc, iurtlor okrbnlbke tlo

noktor‒s ngaaukbty. Fctlguel wocc sorvoh dy trfksbt, tlo

ngapcox bkncuhos sgao docgw-erfho pfrmbke.

COOH Zcftbkua nortbstoh, tlo Hfvbh Drgwor Noktor bs f

aghoc gi bktoerftoh sustfbkfdco hosbek. ̂ ustfbkfdco iofturos

bkncuho kfturfc voktbcftbgk= bkngrpgrftbgk gi sgplbstbnftoh,

kfturfc hfy-cbeltbke strftoebos= plgtgvgctfbn pfkocs= fkh

rfbkwftor ngccontbgk. Lbel-scfe ngknroto wfs usoh, ropcfn-

bke noaokt dy 5: pornokt bk tlo igukhftbgks fkh ?: pornokt

bk tlo suporstrunturo. Xlo uso gi scfe, fk bkhustrbfc dy-prgh-

unt, rohunos tlo oadghboh okorey fkh nfrdgk iggtprbkt gi

tlo dubchbke gk tlo grhor gi 8: pornokt. Xlbs bs tlo strst ^fk

Irfknbsng Dfy Frof prgònt tg uso lbel-scfe ngknroto gk sunl

f cfreo snfco. (Xbppbke Afr‒s cgw-noaokt ngknroto abx, spo-

nbfccy hosbekoh bk prgerossbvo btorftbgks wbtl tlo ngknroto

suppcbor Lfksok, efrkoroh f COOH bkkgvftbgk nrohbt igr tlo

prgònt.)

Xlo Drgwor Noktor‒s cftorfc strunturfc systoa rofflonts

Xbppbke Afr‒s plbcgsgply gi bktoerftbke sustfbkfdco hosbek

fkh lbel-porigrafkno okebkoorbke. Xlo systoa usos pgst-

toksbgkbke nfdcos bk ffloxurfc wfccs fkh irfaos tg nrofto f

lbelcy hfafeo-rosbstfkt strunturo. Ulbco ngkvoktbgkfc

robkigrnoh-ngknroto strunturos fro oxpontoh tg yboch fkh

hbspcfno porafkoktcy tlrguel cfreo sobsabn ovokts, tlo

pgst-toksbgkbke nfdcos usoh bk tlo cftorfc systoa fnt fs

sprbkes, fccgwbke tlo dubchbke tg fflox, tlok pucc dfnm tg bts

grbebkfc fcbekaokt. Xlbs ronoktorbke dolfvbgr slguch fc-

cgw tlo Drgwor Noktor tg roafbk usfdco fitor f sbekbstnfkt

ofrtlqufmo, wlorofs f agro typbnfc strunturo wguch roqubro

ngstcy ropfbr.


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?>

Frnlbtont0 Cohhy Afytua ̂ tfny FrnlbtontsNgktrfntgr0 @.T. Gdfyfslb Ngrpgrftbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 DTBHEO Lgusbke

^bzo0 6:4,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $8< abccbgk

Ngapcotbgk0 @ucy 4::2

Abssbgk Ufcm (>>: fkh >>? Dorry ^troot) ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

Xlbs bs tlo strst fgrhfdco lgusbke prgònt bk tlo Abssbgk Dfy

kobeldgrlggh, ngksbstbke gi twg dcgnms gi igur-stgry rosb-

hoktbfc dubchbkes ngaprbsbke 6>6 ukbts. Xlo gko-, twg-, fkh

tlroo-dohrgga ngkhgabkbua lgaos fro fvfbcfdco tg agh-

orfto-bkngao ifabcbos ukhor tlo Ibrst-Xbao Lgaogwkor

prgerfa tlrguel tlo ̂ fk Irfknbsng Tohovocgpaokt Feokny.

Xloy fro ngkstruntoh gi cbelt-efueo aotfc irfabke. Hur-

bke tlo hosbek plfso, Xbppbke Afr aot wbtl tlo aotfc-stuh

irfabke sudngktrfntgr fkh tlo rggi-truss afkuifnturor tg

nggrhbkfto onbokt irfabke hotfbcs. Xlbs fpprgfnl‘fs gp-

pgsoh tg tlo trfhbtbgkfc prfntbno gi vfcuo okebkoorbke fitor

tlo hosbek bs ngapcoto‘rosuctoh bk cgwor dbhs fkh iowor

prgdcoas hurbke ngkstruntbgk. Fcgke wbtl sovorfc provb-

gus cbelt-efueo-stooc prgònts, Abssbgk Ufcm dgcstors gur

strgke dfnmergukh bk tlbs bknrofsbkecy pgpucfr aotlgh gi

ngkstruntbgk. Xlo prgònt fnlbovoh COOH ̂ bcvor nortbstnftbgk.


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?8


57/113

??

Frnlbtont0 ^fbhf fkh ^uccbvfk Hosbek ZfrtkorsNgktrfntgr0 Noktrox Dubchors

Gwkor Hovocgpor0 ^fk @gfqubk Ergup, CCZ

^bzo0 9:,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $6? abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4::<

Xlbs lbel-okh rosbhoktbfc ngapcox bs nlfrfntorbzoh dy spf-

nbgus ukbts wbtl aghork hotfbcbke. Xlo uppor lfci gi tlo

sovok-stgry dubchbke gors eroft vbows gi ^fk Irfknbsng

tg tlo wost, Gfmcfkh tg tlo sgutl, fkh tlo Dormocoy lbccs tg

tlo ofst. Efrfeo spfno ngksuaos tlo af`grbty gi tlo ergukh

fflggr fkh iofturos nfr cbits tg afxbabzo fvfbcfdco pfrmbke.

Xwg ngaaornbfc ukbts wbtl ecfss stgroirgkts ifno ^fk Zfdcg

Fvokuo. Ft tlo songkh fflggr, tlo bktorbgr pgrtbgk gi tlo dubch-

bke stops dfnm igr tlo uppor stgrbos, nroftbke sbekbstnfkt gut-

hggr honm spfno. Xlo gpok fflggr pcfto bs ffloxbdco okguel tg

fnngaaghfto frnlbtonturfc spfno pcfkkbke gi tlo ukbts. Xlo

fflggrs fro typbnfccy obelt-bknl-tlbnm pgst-toksbgkoh ngknroto

scfds, spfkkbke up tg tlbrty ioot fagke ngknroto ngcuaks. Bk

sgao ukbts, tlo nobcbke wbcc do tlo dgttga gi tlo scfd btsoci,

afmbke uso gi tlo tlbk scfd prgstco tlft pgst-toksbgkbke nfk

gor. Agst ngcuaks fro sot dfnm irga tlo ngrkors, fccgw-

bke rosbhokts eroftor fnnoss tg tlo vbows. Xlo cftorfc-igrno

rosbstbke systoa ngaprbsos sbx ngkvoktbgkfc ngknroto slofr

wfccs, cgnftoh tg nggrhbkfto wocc wbtl tlo frnlbtonturfc ho-

sbek. Xloy fro nfpfnbty hosbekoh sg tlft kgkhuntbco ifbcuro

aghos fro ocbabkftoh, honrofsbke tlo rbsm gi cgss gi cbio fkh

strunturfc ngccfpso hurbke fk ofrtlqufmo.

989? ^fk Zfdcg Fvokuo GFMCFKH, NF


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?9


59/113

?5

Frnlbtont0 Cohhy Afytua ̂ tfny FrnlbtontsNgktrfntgr0 Kbddb Drgtlors Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 Fgrhfdco Lgusbke Fssgnbftos

^bzo0


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61/113

?2

Bhf D. @fnmsgk Erfhufto Lguso (p. ?9)

Frnlbtont0 Zyftgm Frnlbtonts, Bkn.

Ngktrfntgr0 Gvorff Ngkstruntbgk

^bzo0 85,9:: esi


Ngapcotoh0 Fueust 4::4

Nlfkkbke Dgwhbtnl Fpfrtaokts

Frnlbtont0 Zyftgm Frnlbtonts, Bkn.

Ngktrfntgr0 @.T. Gdfyfslb Ngrpgrftbgk^bzo0 54,6:: esi


Ngapcotoh0 4::8


F prgònt igr tlo _kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, tlo Bhf @fnmsgk

Lguso wfs ngapcotoh gk f ifst-trfnm snlohuco tg aoot f

Ifcc soaostor agvo-bk hfto. Xlo igur-stgry, 85,9:: si wggh-

irfaoh dubchbke bs frrfkeoh frgukh f noktrfc ngurt. Xlbrty

twg-tg-sbx-dohrgga ukbts gor spfno igr 64: erfhufto stu-

hokts. Nortfbk gdstfncos ngapcbnftoh tlo hosbek igr tlbs

prgònt0 tlo kooh igr ngst-oontbvo lgusbke bk f tbelt urdfk

sottbke fkh tlo prgònt‒s ncgso prgxbabty tg tlo Lfywfrh

Ifuct. Xloso nlfccokeos pusloh tlo cbabts gi wggh-irfao

ngkstruntbgk. Xg aoot tlo roqubroaokts gi tlo ukbvor-

sbty‒s ôbsabn Tovbow Ngaabttoo, Xbppbke Afr hovocgpoh

f ngst-oontbvo, aonlfkbsa-dfsoh nfpfnbty hosbek igr tlo

strunturo‒s cftorfc systoa. ^tfybke wbtlbk tlo dgukhs gi trf-

hbtbgkfc ngkstruntbgk aotlghs, wo baprgvoh tlo sobsabn

stroketl fkh tguelkoss gi tlo dubchbke dy f ifntgr gi twg.

Xlo Nlfkkbke-Dgwhbtnl hosbek tfmos fhvfktfeo gi afky

gi tlo sunnossiuc strftoebos fkh bkngrpgrftos tlo sfao rbe-

grgus nfpfnbty-dfsoh fpprgfnl tlft Xbppbke Afr oapcgyoh

igr tlo Bhf @fnmsgk Erfhufto Lguso. Xlo slbkeco-ncfh,

54,::: si dubchbke ngaprbsbke stity-sovok fpfrtaokts stops

hgwk irga igur tg tlroo stgrbos tgwfrh tlo stroot, ngapco-

aoktbke tlo snfco fkh nlfrfntor gi tlo fh`fnokt slbkeco-

styco dubchbkes.

Bhf C. @fnmsgk Erfhufto Lguso | Nlfkkbke Dgwhbtnl Fpfrtaokts DOTMOCOR, NF


62/113

9:


63/113

96

Frnlbtont0 ^X_HBG^ Frnlbtonturo

Ngktrfntgr0 Lukt Ngkstruntbgk Ergup


^bzo0

Nfapdocc Lfcc ^obsabn Topcfnoaokt Dubchbke DOTMOCOR, NF

Xlbs prg`ont ngaprbsos f sovok-covoc ngknroto fkh pgst-

toksbgkoh ngknroto dubchbke gk tlo _N Dormocoy nfapus tg

ropcfno tlo gch sobsabnfccy hostnbokt Nfapdocc Lfcc. Cgnftoh

coss tlfk gko mbcgaotor irga tlo Lfywfrh ifuct, tlo kow


64/113

94


65/113

9>

Xlo nfapus gi tlo ^fnroh Lofrt ^nlggc ngaprbsos f afbk

dubchbke, dubct bk 6


66/113

98


67/113

9?

Afrbk Nguktry Hfy ^nlggc NGTXO AFHOTF, NF

Igukhoh bk 62?9, Afrbk Nguktry Hfy ^nlggc doefk bk roktoh

nbrnus tokts, wbtl pgrtfdco dftlrggas, wftor dfrrocs, fkh stoch

tocoplgkos. Fk fcc„purpgso rgga, f eyakfsbua, fkh cbdrfry/

fhabkbstrftbgk fkh ausbn-fkh-frt dubchbkes woro ngapcotoh

bk tlo ofrcy sbxtbos. Oxpfksbgk gi tlo frt, ausbn, fkh hrfaf

prgerfas rosuctoh bk ngkstruntbgk gi f Zorigrabke Frts

Noktor bk 62?-fnro nfapus.

Doeuk bk 4::5, tlo auctbplfso afstor pcfk bkncuhoh sbx kow

dubchbkes‘8>,>:: si gi kow ngkstruntbgk‘fkh f sorbos gi

rokgvftbgks. ^top 6, wlbnl bs COOH Egch nortbstoh, bkncuhosf auctbpurpgso rgga fhhbtbgk wbtl sgao cbelt-mbtnlok nf-

pfdbcbty, f kow fhabkbstrftbgk dubchbke, f ifnbcbtbos dubch-

bke, fkh f porigrabke frts fhhbtbgk iofturbke ausbn rggas.

COOH-Zcftbkua nortbstoh ^top 4 ngksbsts gi tlo kot-zorg-

okorey 42,::: si Cofrkbke Tosgurno Noktor wbtl frt stuhbgs,

tonlkgcgey cfds, fkh lbel-porigrafkno ncfssrggas. Xlo ok-

orey prghunoh dy f plgtgvgctfbn sgcfr frrfy wbcc do agro tlfk

tlo Cofrkbke Tosgurno Noktor wbcc ngksuao. Oxnoptbgkfc

hfy cbeltbke, kfturfc voktbcftbgk, fkh lofctly bkhggr fbr qufc-

bty fcc locp nrofto f lbel-porigrafkno cofrkbke okvbrgkaokt

bk suppgrt gi tlo ohunftbgkfc abssbgk gi ANH^.

ANH^ bs NLZ^-nortbstoh, tlo lbelost stfkhfrh igr erook dubch-

bke sponbstn tg snlggcs bk Nfcbigrkbf= bt wgk f 4:64 _^ UgghHosbek Fwfrh bk tlo Erook Dubchbke nftoegry.

Frnlbtont0 OLHH Frnlbtonturo

Ngktrfntgr0 Gcbvor Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor0 Afrbk Nguktry Hfy ^nlggc

^bzo0 8>,>:: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $62.> abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:6:

Zlgtgs ngurtosy gi OLHH


68/113

99


69/113

95

Nlfrtwocc ^nlggc wfs igukhoh bk 62 tg fhvfkno tlo ohu-

nftbgk gi hyscoxbn nlbchrok. Igr tlbs kow ifnbcbty, ngapcotoh

agro tlfk twokty yofrs cftor, Xbppbke Afr fkh tlo frnlb-

tonts, OLHH, wgrmoh tgeotlor tg nrofto f cbvbke cfdgrftgry

tlft wguch bccuabkfto lgw dubchbkes fro fssoadcoh fkh

afmo tlo agst gi tlo snlggc‒s cbabtoh rosgurnos. Xlo dubch-

bke‒s oxpgsoh irfabke rovofcs bts iukhfaoktfc strunturo,

wlbco fhhbtbgkfc aofsuros woro tfmok tg bknrofso afto-

rbfc fkh ngst sfvbkes. Ibko tukbke gi tlo frnlbtonturo fkh

tlo strunturfc aghuco, fkh pronbso hotfbcbke tlrguelgut,

rohunoh dy >: pornokt tlo tgtfc fagukt gi wggh roqubroh.

Xlbs sfvbke fccgwoh igr tlo uso gi I^N-nortbstoh cuador,

wlbnl bs sustfbkfdcy ergwk fkh prghunoh. Ulgccy 5: por-

nokt gi tlo noaokt bk tl o ngknroto wfs ropcfnoh wbtl scfe (f

dy-prghunt gi stooc afmbke), tlus eroftcy rohunbke dgtl tlo

kfturfc rosgurnos usoh fkh tlo dubchbke‒s nfrdgk iggtprbkt.

^trunturfc bksucftoh pfkocs (^BZs) usoh bk tlo rggi iurtlor

rohunoh tlo fagukt gi cuador wlbco prgvbhbke igr lbel bk-

sucftbgk porigrafkno. Tosofrnl igr tlo dubchbke aftorbfcs

wfs suppgrtoh dy f Mroseo Igukhftbgk erfkt. Nlfrtwocc

wfs tlo strst snlggc bk tlo _.^. tg ronobvo f COOH Zcftbkua

nortbstnftbgk.

Nlfrtwocc ^nlggc ^OF^BHO, NF

Frnlbtont0 OLHH Frnlbtonturo

Ngktrfntgr0 Fusgkbg Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 Nlfrtwocc ^nlggc

^bzo0 46,445 esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $


70/113

9<


71/113

92

Frnlbtont0 Fmgc fkh RgslbbNgkstruntbgk Afkfeor0 Tgoddocok

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 ^fk Tfagk Yfccoy _^H

^bzo0 >>:,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $6>? abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4::5

Hguelorty Yfccoy Lbel ^nlggc bs f eggh slgwnfso igr gur

smbccs fkh nfpfdbcbtbos bk oxpohbtbke f cfreo, ngapcox prg`-

ont tlrguel f rovbow dy tlo Hbvbsbgk gi tlo ^tfto Frnlbtont.

Xlbs $6>? abccbgk prgònt gi twocvo dubchbkes fkh f hgzok

safccor strunturos bs tlo cfreost pudcbn lbel snlggc prgònt

bk Nfcbigrkbf iukhoh dy prbvfto hovocgpors. Xlo kow nfapus

bkncuhos pcfybke stochs, f trfnm stfhbua, f swbaabke ifnbcbty,

fkh twocvo af`gr dubchbkes0 f eyakfsbua wbtl cgnmor rggas,

fk fuxbcbfry eyakfsbua, f pggc dubchbke, fk fhuct ohunftbgk

dubchbke, f nfroor tonlkgcgey dubchbke, f cbdrfry/nfiotorbf, f

tloftor, fk fhabkbstrftbgk dubchbke, fkh igur twg-stgry ncfss-

rgga dubchbkes. Xlo afekbtuho gi tlo prgònt bs rofflontoh bk

tlo kuador gi hosbek hrfwbkes ngapcotoh0 6,:2: tgtfc, wbtl6?2 strunturfc sloots.

Xlo stfto lfh f sorbgus dfnmcge gi prgònts tg rovbow, sg tlo

prgònt wfs sbekbstnfktcy dolbkh snlohuco wlok wo ronobvoh

tlo H^F‒s dfnm-nlonm ngaaokts bk ofrcy @fkufry gi 4::9.

Kgrafccy f prgònt gi tlbs sbzo wguch roqubro tlroo tg sbx

agktls igr tlo okebkoor tg rospgkh tg ngaaokts fkh tlok

uslor tlrguel stkfc H^F fpprgvfc. Dy wgrmbke frgukh tlo

ncgnm, wo woro fdco tg ngapross gur rospgkso tbao hgwk tg

tlroo wooms. Uo woro fcsg fdco tg ngapross tlo oktbro dfnm-

nlonm fpprgvfc prgnoss tg ùst gko agktl, cbeltkbke spooh igr

f prgònt tlbs cfreo.

Xlo snlggc gpokoh gk tbao bk Fueust 4::5= bt wfs fwfrhoh

f 4::5 Dost gi Nfcbigrkbf Ngkstruntbgk Fwfrh dy NfcbigrkbfNgkstruntbgk afefzbko.

Hguelorty Yfccoy Lbel ^nlggc ^FK TFAGK, NF

Cbd & F t D bchb


72/113

5:

Cbdrfry & Frts Dubchbke


73/113

56

Cbnm-Ubcaorhbke Lbel ^nlggc ^FK ITFKNB^NG, NF

Frnlbtonts0 Zifu (Xonlkgcgey fkh Hosbek Noktor)

^bzo0 49,9:: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $64,:::,:::

Ngapcotoh0 4::>

^AUA (Cbdrfry fkh Frts Dubchbke)

^bzo0 65,56: esiNgkstruntbgk ngst0 $>,9::,:::

Ngapcotoh0 6225

Ngktrfntgr0 Zcfkt Ngkstruntbgk

Gwkor0 Cbnm Ubcaorhbke Lbel ^nlggc

Xlbs bkhopokhokt snlggc sguelt tg dubch twg kow ifnbcb-

tbos tlft wguch iurtlor oklfkno bts fcrofhy hbstbkeubsloh

ngccoeo propfrftgry fkh tonlkbnfc frts nurrbnucf. Xlo twg-

stgry, 65,::: si Cbdrfry fkh Frts dubchbke bs gpok fkh cbelt

stccoh. Oxpgsoh stooc trussos wbtl cfabkftoh tbador tgp

nlgrhs suppgrt tlo rggi, nroftbke f vfst, bktorbgr vgcuao.

Xloy rost gk oxpgsoh stooc ngcuaks ft tlo scgpbke oxtorbgr

wfcc. Xlo Xonlkgcgey fkh Hosbek Noktor, wlbnl lgusos

stuhokt slgps fkh hosbek stuhbgs, iofturos oxpgsoh stooc

irfabke fkh oxpfksbvo stuhbg wbkhgw irgkts tlft gpok

gktg f aofkhorbke, docgw-erfho ngurtyfrh. Xlroo pohos-

trbfk drbheos gvorcggm tlo ngurtyfrh fkh cbkm tlo sgh rggis,

wlbnl hgudco fs ronroftbgk fkh sgnbfc spfnos. Ft tlo nok-

tor gi tlo pfrtbfccy ukhorergukh ngapcox, tlo ecfss slgp‒s

sfwtggtl rggi suppgrts plgtgvgctfbn pfkocs. Fcsg bkncuhoh

woro f kow nfiotorbf dubchbke wbtl oxpgsoh stooc trussos,

f wggh-irfaoh rggi, fkh hrfaftbn twokty-iggt-tfcc wbk-

hgws tlft gvorcggm tlo ngapcox. Xlo strunturfc hosbek gi

tlo cftor dubchbkes ngktrbdutoh tg tlo prg`ont‒s sustfbkfdco

egfcs dy usbke ?: pornokt scfe ngknroto fkh >: pornokt scfe

slgtnroto. Fhhbtbgkfc sustfbkfdco iofturos bkncuho tlo uso

gi ronyncoh aftorbfcs fkh wbkh-eokorftoh pgwor.


74/113

54


75/113


76/113

58


77/113

5?

Frnlbtont0 Iorkfu fkh Lfrtafk

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 Kfpf Yfccoy Ausoua

Ngktrfntgr0 Urbelt Ngktrfntbke, Bkn.

^bzo0 >>,>:: esi


Ngapcotoh0 6225

Xlo Kfpf Yfccoy Ausoua bs hohbnftoh tg prgagtbke tlo nuc-

turfc fkh okvbrgkaoktfc lorbtfeo gi tlo Kfpf Yfccoy. Xlo

nlfkebke oxlbdbts roprosokt f hbvorso rfkeo gi sud`onts irga

stko frts tg lbstgry tg kfturfc snboknos. Xlo 8?,::: si dubch-

bke ngaprbsos twg efccory spfnos, gnos, fkh f ausoua stgro.

Xlo twg-stgry strunturo iofturos f pfrtbfccy ukhorergukh

strst stgry hosbekoh wbtl ngknroto fkh afsgkry wfccs, wbtl f

pgst-toksbgkoh ngknroto scfd ft tlo songkh fflggr. Xlo fdgvo-

ergukh songkh stgry bs dubct prbafrbcy gi wggh wbtl stooc oc-

oaokts. Ofrcy ngccfdgrftbgk wbtl tlo frnlbtonts prghunoh f

dubchbke tlft bkngrpgrftos utbcbty fkh fostlotbn fppofc bk bts

oxpgsoh strunturfc cfkeufeo.

Kfpf Yfccoy Ausoua RG_KXYBCCO, NF


78/113

59

Xbppbke Afr bs sbapcy tlo agst nroftbvo okebkoorbke stra wbtl

wlga B lfvo ovor wgrmoh. Xloy hgk‒t `ust –sgcvo tlo prgdcoa,‑ tloy

oxpcgro f rfkeo gi sgcutbgks wbtl ygu tg ukhorstfkh tlo dost stt igr f

pfrtbnucfr prg`ont. Xloy fro eroft ngccfdgrftgrs.

LOK TR ^ BOE OC, IFBF | Z TBK NBZ FC | ^ BOE OC FK H ^ X TFBK FTNLBX ONX ^


79/113

55

Gur strftoey bs sbapco. Uo hosbek tg rohuno tlo nfrdgk iggt-

prbkt gi ovory prgònt dy ngupcbke tlo tlorafc prgportbos gi

strunturo wbtl pfssbvo sgcfr hosbek= hotfbcbke igr cgkeovbty

fkh fhfptfdbcbty= prgtontbke tlo dubchbke tlrguel oklfknoh

sobsabn porigrafkno= fkh uctbaftocy, fvgbhbke ngkstruntbgk

wfsto fkh rohunbke ngsts.

Gur nrohoktbfcs bkncuho afky prgònts tlft lfvo ronobvoh

nortbstnftbgk, bkncuhbke twocvo COOH Zcftbkua, kbko COOH

Egch, fkh gko Cbvbke Dubchbke. Xloso fnlbovoaokts pfrfccoc

Xbppbke Afr‒s gkegbke rosofrnl fkh ngaabtaokt tg fkf-

cyzo fctorkftbvo, rosgurno-onbokt aftorbfcs ùst oktorbke

tlo afrmotpcfno. Xloso bkncuho strunturfc bksucftoh pfkocs

( ̂ BZs), strfw dfco, rfaaoh ofrtl, dfadgg, rosgurno-onbokt

wggh irfabke, tbador irfao, fkh cgw-noaokt ngknroto. Uo

fro fcsg ngktbkufccy lgkbke gur smbcc bk wgrmbke wbtl vokhgrs

fkh ngktrfntgrs tg hosbek fkh bapcoaokt bkkgvftbvo fp-

prgfnlos fkh aftorbfcs. Xlo Nlfrtwocc ^nlggc bk ̂ ofsbho, NF,

bs f eggh oxfapco0 ûppgrtoh dy f Mroseo Igukhftbgk erfkt

fkh bk f sorbos gi btorftbgks, wo wgrmoh wbtl tlo ngknroto sup-

pcbor tg hovocgp f abx gi >: pornokt noaokt fkh 5: pornokt

scfe (wfsto irga stooc afmbke). Xlbs fpprgfnl fnlbovoh f kot

NG4

rohuntbgk gi 8? pornokt wbtlgut fhhoh ngst, f sbekbstnfkt

baprgvoaokt gvor tlo 6< pornokt kot rohuntbgk typbnfccy

fnlbovoh wbtl ffly-fsl abxos, wlbnl ngao wbtl f 6: tg 6? por-

nokt ngst proabua fkh ngkstruntfdbcbty prgdcoas, tg dggt.

Xbppbke Afr bs f rongekbzoh cofhor bk sustfbkfdbcbty-grboktoh hosbek, sguelt fitor dy frnlbtonts fkh

dubchbke gwkors wlg slfro gur ngaabtaokt tg rohuno tlo koeftbvo slgrt- fkh cgke-tora bapfnt

gi dubchbke ngkstruntbgk gk tlo okvbrgkaokt. Gur bktoerftoh fpprgfnl aofks tlft sustfbkfdcohosbek bs bklorokt bk gur fkfcysbs gi ovory hosbek prgdcoa fkh fk ossoktbfc pfrt gi ovory sgcutbgk.

^_^XFBKFDCO HO^BEK


80/113

5<

ÎZ_N LOFHV_FTXOT^

^fk Irfknbsng, NF

COOH Zcftbkua nortbstoh

ZFNMFTH IG_KHFXBGK LV

Cgs Fctgs, NF

COOH Zcftbkua nortbstoh (KPO)

^D^T ̂ _^XFBKFDBCBXR XTOOLG_Ô

Ecok @ofk, UY

Cbvbke Dubchbke Nlfccokeo tfreot (KPO)

GAOEF NOKXOT IGT

^_^XFBKFDCO CBYBKE

Tlbkodonm, KR Cbvbke Dubchbke nortbstoh | COOH

Zcftbkua nortbstoh (KPO)

OC NOTTBXG TONRNCBKE NOKXOT

Oc Norrbtg, NF


XLO HFYBH DTGUOT NOKXOT

Dormocoy, NF


CFKNF^XOT CGIX^

Gfmcfkh, NF


AFTBK NG_KXTR HFR ^NLGGC,

^XOZ 4

Ngrto Afhorf, NF


ABNLFOC @. LGAOT ^NBOKNO FKH

^X_HOKX CBIO NXT

Ftlortgk, NF


NLFTXUOCC ̂ NLGGC

ôfsbho, NF


ÂFTX^ZFNO ^GAF | >< LFTTBOX

^fk Irfknbsng, NF


^XFXBGK NXT IFABCR LG_^BKE

_kbgk Nbty, NF


UO^X DTFKNL CBDTFTR

Dormocoy, NF

COOH Zcftbkua tfreotoh (KPO)

_N AOTNOH TON NOKXOT KGTXL

Aornoh, NF

COOH Zcftbkua tfreotoh

G_T COOH ZTG@ONX^


81/113

52

DB^LGZ G‒HGUH L.^. OKYBTGK-

AOKXFC ^NBOKNO NOKXOT

Gfmcfkh, NF


RG^OABXO OKYBTGKAOKXFC

OH_NFXBGK NOKXOT

Rgsoabto, NF


4::6 AFTMOX | >< HGCGTO^

^fk Irfknbsng, NF

COOH Egch nortbstoh

L4LGXOC

Lofchsdure, NF

COOH Egch nortbstoh

GTBKHF NBXR LFCC

Grbkhf, NF

COOH Egch nortbstoh

ZTO^OKXFXBGK TOXTOFX NOKXOT

Cgs Eftgs, NF

COOH Egch nortbstoh

GTBKHF NBXR LFCC

Grbkhf, NF

COOH Egch nortbstoh

AFTBK NG_KXTR HFR ^NLGGC,

^XOZ 6

Ngrto Afhorf, NF

COOH Egch nortbstoh

9


82/113


83/113


84/113


85/113

Oc Norrbtg Tonyncbke fkh Okvbrgkaoktfc Noktor OC NOTTBXG, NF

Oc Norrbtg‒s kow COOH Zcftbkua, kot-zorg-okorey ronyncbke

noktor ngksbsts gi fk fhabkbstrftbgk dubchbke, fk gporftbgks

dubchbke, fkh ronyncbke hrgp-g slohs. Xlo 4,::: si fhabk-

bstrftbgk dubchbke ngksbsts gi twg aghucfr strunturos ngk-kontoh dy f noktrfc nupgcf wbtl lbel ncorostgry wbkhgws. Xlo

9,8:: si gporftbgks dubchbke bs f tfcc, gpok strunturo, wbtl f

twokty-iggt ncofrfkno ukhor tlo rggi tg fccgw tlo agvoaokt

gi lofvy afnlbkory fkh tfcc stfnms gi aftorbfc. Xlo ronyncbke

hrgp-g frof ngksbsts gi fttrfntbvo ronyncbke slohs frrfkeoh

bk f 66: it-hbfaotor nbrnco. Cgke rotfbkbke wfccs nroftoh –tbp-

pbke wfccs‑ ft trunm-hgnmbke lobelt igr ronyncbke trunms tg

dfnm up fkh g -cgfh pbcos gi ronyncoh aftorbfcs.

Zrgònt strunturfc iofturos bkncuhoh torkfry ngknroto wbtl

lbel-ronyncoh-scfe fkh ffly-fsl ngktokt fkh cgw-Zgrtcfkh-

noaokt ngktokt. F sbekbstnfkt prgònt nlfccokeo wfs tlo

igukhbke gi strunturos gk fk gch cfkhstcc wbtl cgw, fccgwfdco

dofrbke prossuros sudònt tg hboroktbfc sottcoaokt. Zrgònt

hocbvory wfs hosbek-dubch, wbtl sponbfc oaplfsbs gk vfcuo

okebkoorbke tg prgvbho f lbel-vfcuo, cgw-ngst ifnbcbty tg tlo

Nbty gi Oc Norrbtg.

Ubtl tok mbcgwftts gi sgcfr pgwor, tlo noktor prghunos

okguel okorey tg pgwor f lukhroh pornokt gi tlo gno

dubchbke‒s fkh fpprgxbaftocy tlbrty pornokt gi tlo sbto‒s ok-

orey koohs. Fhhbtbgkfccy, tlo dubchbke bs hosbekoh tg afxb-

abzo tlo fvfbcfdbcbty gi kfturfc cbelt, rohunbke tlo kooh igr

frtbstnbfc cbeltbke fkh sfvbke okorey. Fcc tlo rfbkwftor tlft

ifccs gk tlo rggi gi tlo cfreo gporftbgkfc strunturo bs nfp-

turoh fkh stgroh bk fk 66,::: efccgk tfkm tg fflusl tlo noktor‒stgbcots fkh brrbefto tlo noktor‒s kftbvo pcfkt efrhoks. Ibkfccy,

rfbkwftor irga tlo sbto‒s ergukhs bs stctoroh tlrguel kfturfc

dbgswfcos0 dubct-bk cfkhsnfpbke ocoaokts tlft roagvo fkh

abtbefto pgccutbgk doigro wftor oktors stgra wftor systoas.

Frnlbtont0 Kgcc fkh Xfa Frnlbtonts

Ngktrfntgr0 Nlfrcos Zfkmgw DubchorsGwkor0 Nbty gi Oc Norrbtg

^bzo0 82,::: esi

Ngkstruntbgk ngst0 $4.< abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4:64


86/113

Tofflontbke pfkocs hbvort

sukcbelt bktg tlo bkhggr

ncfssrggas.

8 ^mycbelts fdgvo tlo

cfeggk cot bk sukslbko tg

kgurbsl tlo pcfkts. F sgcfr

trfnmbke systoa igccgws tlo

suk tlrguelgut tlo hfy,

hbvortbke rfys hgwkwfrh igr

stofhy cbelt.

6

4

>

8


87/113


88/113


89/113


90/113


91/113

.? abccbgk

Ngapcotoh0 4::?


92/113

2:

Pl D b ^ l c h A c b c L b Z `


93/113

26

Frnlbtont0 Gko Ugrch Hosbeks

Gwkor/Hovocgpor0 Nlbkoso Noktor igr Okvbrgkaoktfccy ̂ ustfbkfdco Xonlkgcgey

Xrfksior fkh Fhvoktbst Tocboi fkh Hovocgpaokt Feokny

Ngapcotoh0 4::8

Plfke Dob ^nlggc fkh Auctbpco Lgusbke Zrgònts KGTXLOF^XOTK NLBKF

Bklfdbtfkts gi kgrtlofstork Nlbkf ngktokh wbtl sovoro ngch,

pgvorty, fkh vbgcokt sobsabn fntbvbty. Bk ngccfdgrftbgk wbtl

Gko Ugrch Hosbeks, fk frnlbtonturfc stra hohbnftoh tg sus-

tfbkfdco dubchbke, Xbppbke Afr locpoh tg hosbek strfw-dfcorosbhoktbfc dubchbkes, wlbnl prgvbho fk fgrhfdco, wfraor,

fkh sfior fctorkftbvo tg tlo roebgk‒s ngkvoktbgkfc drbnm

strunturos. Xlbs pfrtbnucfr ngkstruntbgk fgrhs afky fh-

vfktfeos0 strfw bs nlofp fkh rofhbcy fvfbcfdco, fkh strfw dfco

prgvbhos lbelor sobsabn rosbstfkno fkh oxnoptbgkfc tlorafc

bksucftbgk. Kgkotlocoss, wbtl f duheot gi $8 por squfro iggt,

tlo prgònt roqubroh tlo wbso uso gi rosgurnos. Xlo sbapco

hupcoxos fro ngkstruntoh dy cgnfc tonlkbnfc tofas wbtl fos-

tlotbn bkput irga tlo rosbhokts. Fctlguel tlo ngapcotoh hu-pcoxos cggm sbabcfr tg tlo kgkrobkigrnoh drbnm lgaos kftbvo

tg tlo frof, tloy fro sg wocc bksucftoh tlft tlobr gnnupfkts

uso gkcy lfci fs aunl loftbke ngfc fs tloy abelt gtlorwbso.

Xlbs rohuntbgk bk ngfc ngksuaptbgk rosucts bk kgt gkcy f

agkotfry sfvbke dut fcsg f cgwor gnnurrokno gi rocftoh ro-

spbrftgry bcckossos bk tlo ngaaukbty. Agrogvor, honrofsbke

tlo uso gi drbnms bk ngkstruntbgk locps prosorvo pronbgus

tgpsgbc fkh iurtlor ngksorvos okorey.

Xlo prgònt, wlbnl wfs suppgrtoh dy tlo Fhvoktbst Hovoc-

gpaokt fkh Tocboi Feokny fkh tlo Nlbkoso Noktor igr Ok-

vbrgkaoktfccy ûstfbkfdco Xonlkgcgey Xrfksior, ngaprbsos

agro tlfk sbx lukhroh lgusos tg hfto bk stvo Nlbkoso prgv-

bknos. Bt wfs lgkgroh bk 4::? wbtl f Ugrch Lfdbtft Fwfrhs

irga tlo Dubchbke fkh ̂ gnbfc Lgusbke Igukhftbgk.

Xlo lgusbke prgònt wfs fk oxtoksbgk gi prbgr wgrm dy tlo

sfao hosbek tofa igr f strfw-dfco snlggc dubchbke tlft ro-pcfnoh gko gi tlo afky hostrgyoh dy fk ofrtlqufmo bk 622


94/113

24

D N cc ' O bcc


95/113

2>

Dorof Ngccoeo‒s Ongvbccfeo bs fk ongcgebnfccy sustfbkfdco

rosbhoktbfc fkh cofrkbke ngapcox hosbekoh igr stuhokts wlg

strueeco tg dfcfkno tlobr fnfhoabn, wgrm, fkh ifabcy rospgk-

sbdbcbtbos. Bts ifabcy-irbokhcy iofturos bkncuho f tofnlbke fkhrosofrnl nlbch-nfro ifnbcbty wbtl f nfpfnbty gi f lukhroh nlbc-

hrok. Xlo vbccfeo fcsg bkncuhos f ngaagks lguso wbtl slfroh

faokbtbos igr tlo rosbhokts, gno spfno, aootbke rggas fkh

f mbtnlok, fkh f rosgurno lguso tlft sorvos fs f lgao igr sbx

stuhokts fkh fs fk ohunftbgk noktor igr sustfbkfdco cbvbke.

Erook dubchbke iofturos bkncuho tlo onbokt uso gi strun-

turfc bksucftoh pfkocs (^BZs), wlbnl fro afho dy sfkhwbnl-

bke f igfa ngro dotwook twg cfyors gi pcywggh gr grboktoh

strfkh dgfrh. ^BZs lfvo oxnoptbgkfc bksucftbgk prgportbos,afmbke tloa agro okorey-onbokt, fkh tloy rohuno tlo

kooh igr hbaoksbgk cuador. Gtlor sustfbkfdco iofturos bk-

ncuho tlo uso gi uctrf-lbel-scfe ngknroto, ronyncoh sbhbke,

sustfbkfdcy lfrvostoh cuador, pfssbvo sgcfr loftbke fkh

cbeltbke, fkh roncfbaoh wftor.

Dorof Ngccoeo's Ongvbccfeo DOTOF, MR

Frnlbtont0 Yfk Hor Tyk Frnlbtonts

Ngktrfntgr0 Aossor NgkstruntbgkGwkor/Hovocgpor0 Dorof Ngccoeo

^bzo0 >


96/113


97/113


98/113


99/113

G_T ZOGZCO

^tovok D Xbppbke ^O Zrbknbpfc


100/113

2<

^tovok D. Xbppbke, Ô Zrbknbpfc

Igr agro tlfk tlbrty yofrs, ^tovo Xbppbke lfs fhvfknoh

tlo snbokno fkh frt gi strunturfc okebkoorbke, pbgkoorbke

nroftbvo yot prfeaftbn hosbek sgcutbgks igr f drgfh rfkeo

gi prgònts. Lbs fnngapcbslaokts bk sobsabn rotrgstt hosbeklfvo dook osponbfccy nrunbfc tg tlo Dfy Frof. Ft tlo sfao

tbao, lbs oaplfsbs gk ngkstruntfdbcbty lfs nucabkftoh bk fk

oxportbso bk ngst- fkh rosgurno-onbokt sgcutbgks.

^tovo pbgkooroh tlo uso gi vortbnfc pgst-toksbgkbke tg hocbvor

soci-noktorbke nfpfdbcbty tg ngknroto wfccs= Xbppbke Afr lfs

fppcboh prgerossbvo btorftbgks gi tlbs cftorfc systoa tg tlo

hosbek gi dgch prgònts sunl fs tlo Î Zudcbn _tbcbtbos Nga-

abssbgk lofhqufrtors, tlo Toko Nfzokfvo Fpfrtaokts, fkh

_N Dormocoy‒s Nfapdocc Lfcc. Agst ronoktcy, ^tovo fppcboh f kgvoc rotrgstt systoa igr 9, ^tovo wfs bkncuhoh igr tlo songkh tbao bk Okebkoorbke Kows Tongrh‒s Xgp 4? Kowsafmors, igr lbs pgst-tok-

sbgkoh ngknroto-ngro slofr-wfcc bkkgvftbgk fs bt ngktrbdutoh tg tlo eroft sunnoss gi tlo ÎZ_N lofhqufrtors. Bk 4::9 ^tovo

wfs socontoh irga fagke tlo Xgp 4? Kowsafmors tg ronobvo OKT‒s lbelost lgkgr, tlo Fwfrh gi Oxnoccokno, igr lbs bkvoktbgk

gi f sbapco, ngrrueftoh-aotfc slofr-wfcc fssoadcy tlft lfs eroft pgtoktbfc igr cgworbke ngkstruntbgk ngsts fkh baprgvbke

tlo sobsabn porigrafkno gi auctbukbt lgusbke prgònts. Xlbs rosofrnl prgònt fcsg ofrkoh ^tovo fk Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc

Okebkoorbke Fwfrh bk 4::2 irga ÔFGKN.

F erfhufto gi Ncoasgk _kbvorsbty, ^tovo doefk lbs okebkoorbke nfroor fs strst cboutokfkt wbtl tlo _^ Fray Ngrps gi Okebkoors

ft Igrt ̂ bcc, Gmcflgaf, fkh sggk tlorofitor ngapcotoh f tgur gi huty bk Ybotkfa. Fitor wgrmbke igr sovorfc Dfy Frof okebkoor-

bke stras, lo igukhoh ^tovo Xbppbke fkh Fssgnbftos bk 62. ^tovo sorvoh fs f dgfrh aoador fkh prosbhokt (4::4„4::>) gi

ÔFGKN fkh wfs bkhuntoh fs f ioccgw gi tlo grefkbzftbgk bk 4::8.

Hfvbh Afr Ô Zrbknbpfc


101/113

22

^bkno lfvbke dook kfaoh prbknbpfc fkh cofh hosbekor bk

4:::, Hfvbh Afr lfs ngktbkuoh bk Xbppbke Afr‒s cgke-stfkh-

bke trfhbtbgk gi wocc-nrfitoh okebkoorbke sgcutbgks, wlbco

bktrghunbke fk oaplfsbs gk nroftbvbty fkh oxpcgrftbgk sup-pgrtoh dy prfntbnfc, prg`ont-sponbstn rosofrnl.

Hfvbh fhvgnftos ofrcy ngccfdgrftbgk wbtl frnlbtonts fkh

ngktrfntgrs tg prgvbho ncbokts wbtl tlo agst ngst-oontbvo

hosbek sgcutbgks pgssbdco. Agrogvor, lbs ignus gk lbel-

porigrafkno sobsabn fkh sustfbkfdco hosbek lfs pgsbtbgkoh

Xbppbke Afr ft tlo igroirgkt gi tlo erook-dubchbke agvo-

aokt. Hfvbh lfs f mook bktorost bk cofk hosbek fkh ngk-

struntbgk fkh bk sot-dfsoh hosbek fkh fntbvocy fppcbos tlgso

prbknbpcos bk fcc lbs wgrm. Lbs oktlusbfsa igr bkkgvftbgk lfs iuocoh tlo oxpfksbgk gi lbs hosbek roportgbro irga trfhbtbgkfcstooc, ngknroto, fkh wggh ngkstruntbgk tg sunl aftorbfcs fs rfaaoh ofrtl, dfadgg, strfw dfco, tbador irfao, fkh strunturfc

bksucftoh pfkocs.

Hfvbh wfs prg`ont tonlkbnfc hbrontgr igr IOAF Z-


102/113

6::

Cog Zfkbfk, Ô Zrbknbpfc

Igr tlo cfst sovorfc yofrs, Cog lfs hbrontoh Xbppbke Afr‒s

dusbkoss gporftbgks, gvorsoobke tlo bktoerftbgk gi stf

snlohucbke fkh wgrmfflgw wbtl strftoebn pcfkkbke, fnngukt-

bke, fkh bkigraftbgk tonlkgcgey= eubhbke tonlkbnfc strftoeyfkh stf hovocgpaokt= fkh bapcoaoktbke dost prfntbnos bk

okebkoorbke.

Cog lfs sunnossiuccy afkfeoh afky gi Xbppbke Afr‒s fadb-

tbgus prgònts, bkncuhbke tlo ̂ I Zudcbn _tbcbtbos Ngaabssbgk

Lofhqufrtors dubchbke, _N Dormocoy‒s Nfapdocc Lfcc, fkh

fk BHBV ngktrfnt wbtl tlo Kftbgkfc Zfrms ôrvbno tlft bk-

ncuhos tlo 4:66 pgst-ofrtlqufmo ovfcuftbgk gi tlo Ufslbke-

tgk Agkuaokt. Lo bs nurroktcy prbknbpfc-bk-nlfreo igr ^fk

Irfknbsng‒s Agsngko Noktor oxpfksbgk. ôvorfc gi lbs prgònts lfvo efrkoroh roebgkfc fkh kftbgkfc rongekbtbgk igr bkkgvf-tbgk fkh okebkoorbke oxnoccokno, bkncuhbke Dormocoy‒s 4


103/113

6:6

@glk Ugcio, Ô Fssgnbfto

@glk Ugcio‒s hufc stroketls fs f hosbekor fkh afkfeor lfvo

pcfyoh f moy rgco bk kuaorgus Xbppbke Afr prgònts. Lo

tfmos sponbfc prbho bk ngksbstoktcy prgvbhbke tlo lbelost covoc

gi ncbokt sorvbno, irga prghunbke ncgsocy nggrhbkftoh ngk-struntbgk hrfwbkes tg rospgkhbke qubnmcy fkh ngapcotocy tg

`gd-sbto quostbgks. @glk lfs coh kuaorgus kow ngkstruntbgk

prgònts, bkncuhbke tlo frnlbtonturo-fwfrh-wbkkbke Cbnm

Ubcaorhbke Xonlkgcgey fkh Hosbek Noktor bk ^fk Irfknbsng

fkh twg pudcbn snlggc nfapusos bk ^fk Tfagk. Igr tlo cft-

tor, lo wgrmoh wbtl tlo Hbvbsbgk gi tlo ^tfto Frnlbtont tg ba-

pcoaokt tlo ifst-trfnm rovbow prgnoss roqubroh tg aoot tlo

prgònts‒ fadbtbgus snlohucos. @glk fcsg lfs oxtoksbvo oxpo-

rbokno bk tlo sobsabn rotrgstt gi oxbstbke dubchbkes, bkncuhbke

6::: Yfk Koss bk ^fk Irfknbsng fkh tlo B. Afekbk Dubchbke bk Gfmcfkh, wlbnl dgtl hfto tg tlo ofrcy 62::s.

@glk ngapcoaokts lbs tonlkbnfc fkh hosbek oxnoccokno wbtl f cgke-stfkhbke ngaabtaokt tg sustfbkfdco hosbek. Lo doefk

lbs nfroor fs f rosofrnlor ft tlo Kow Fcnloay Bkstbtuto gk Nfpo Ngh, Afssfnlusotts, wloro lo stuhboh tlo oontbvokoss gi

gko gi tlo kftbgk‒s strst cfreo-snfco, pfssbvo-sgcfr hoagkstrftbgk prgònts. Lo fcsg vgcuktoors lbs tbao bk suppgrt gi afrbko

ngksorvftbgk igr ngfstfc Nfcbigrkbf. Xlbs drgfhor oxporbokno locps @glk hosbek lgcbstbn sgcutbgks tlft dokostt tlo ncbokt wlbco

abtbeftbke okvbrgkaoktfc bapfnts.

@glk ronobvoh lbs DF irga Hfrtagutl Ngccoeo fkh lbs AO bk strunturfc okebkoorbke irga tlo _kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf,

Dormocoy. Lo lfs dook wbtl Xbppbke Afr sbkno 622> fkh fk fssgnbfto sbkno 6225.

Afrm ^tovoksgk Ô Fssgnbfto


104/113

6:4

Afrm ^tovoksgk, Ô Fssgnbfto

Afrm ^tovoksgk lfs igccgwoh fk ukusufc pftl tg tlo prfn-

tbno gi strunturfc okebkoorbke. Fitor f drboi stbkt fs f dbg-

cgebnfc rosofrnlor, lo oadfrmoh gk fk obeltook-yofr nfroor

fs f stko wgghwgrmor, nfdbkot afmor, fkh nfrpoktor. Lbsoxtoksbvo oxporbokno bk rosbhoktbfc roaghocbke fkh kow

ngkstruntbgk mbkhcoh lbs bktorost bk strunturfc hosbek fkh

fkfcysbs. ^g ft tlo feo gi 86, Afrm roturkoh tg snlggc, okrgcc-

bke bk f afstor‒s prgerfa ft _N Dormocoy.

Lbs lfkhs-gk oxporbokno bk ngkstruntbgk fkh oxportbso bk

ngkstruntfdbcbty ebvo Afrm f ukbquo porspontbvo gk tlo prg-

noss gi hosbek fkh hotfbcbke. Lo lfs dook fdco tg slfro lbs

ukbquo oxporbokno fkh oxportbso dy tofnlbke f wggh-strun-

turos ngurso ft _N Dormocoy‒s ^nlggc gi Okebkoorbke. Bk fhhbtbgk tg lbs ng ktbkubke bktorost bk wggh fkh tbador ngkstruntbgk,lo lfs ngapcotoh f wbho vfrboty gi prgònts bk stooc, ngknroto, fkh afsgkry, bkncuhbke f dfso-bsgcftoh agkuaokt hosbekoh

igr f tlgusfkh-yofr sorvbno cbio.

Afrm‒s prgònts bkncuho sovorfc auctbukbt rosbhoktbfc fkh abxoh-uso hovocgpaokts, agst kgtfdcy tlo Gxigrh Zcfzf fpfrt-

aokts fkh tlo COOH Zcftbkua-nortbstoh Hfvbh Drgwor Noktor bk Dormocoy, f noktor igr okvbrgkaoktfc fhvgnfny prgagtbke

sustfbkfdco dubchbke prbknbpcos fkh wbkkor gi ÔFGN‒s fkh ÔFGKN‒s Oxnoccokno bk ^trunturfc Okebkoorbke Fwfrhs bk 4:6:.

Agst ronoktcy, Afrm spokt f kuador gi agktls ng-cgnftoh ft ̂ fk Irfknbsng‒s Zrgònt Irge, hosbekbke proifdrbnftoh strunturos

igr f wbho rfkeo gi fppcbnftbgks bkncuhbke vbsbtgrs‒ noktors, aohbnfc gno dubchbkes, fkh rotfbc stgros.

Afrm ronobvoh lbs ukhorerfhufto hoeroo bk zggcgey irga tlo _kbvorsbty gi Abnlbefk, Fkk Frdgr.

Abmo Mgrgcym Ô Fssgnbfto


105/113

6:>

Abmo Mgrgcym, ^O Fssgnbfto

Bk gkcy tok yofrs fs f strunturfc okebkoor, Abmo Mgrgcym lfs

afho sudstfktbfc ngktrbdutbgks tg tlo stoch gi ofrtlqufmo

okebkoorbke. Abmo wofvos hykfabn nroftbvbty fkh tlo fdbc-

bty tg oontbvocy grefkbzo bkigraftbgk fkh hosbek wbtl lbsrfro ukhorstfkhbke gi porigrafkno-dfsoh sobsabn hosbek,

fkfcysbs, fkh ngaputor prgerfaabke. Fs f rosuct, lo soos

sgcutbgks wloro gtlors wguch soo gkcy gdstfncos, fkh lbs

hosbek gi fkfcysbs strftoebos fkh nroftbgk gi fkfcytbn tggcs

lfs hrbvok aunl gi Xbppbke Afr‒s sunnoss bk porigrafkno-

dfsoh sobsabn hosbek bk ronokt yofrs.

Abmo lfs dook nrunbfc tg tlo hosbek gi tlo ^fk Irfknbsng Zud-

cbn _tbcbtbos Lofhqufrtors, tlo Toko Nfzokfvo Fpfrtaokts,

tlo fwfrh-wbkkbke Nfrqubkoz ^okbgr Fpfrtaokts, 9


106/113

6:8

Afrn ^toyor, NO, COOH FZ Fssgnbfto

Afrn ^toyor‒s wbho rfkeo gi oxporbokno bkncuhos wgrm igr

okebkoorbke, frnlbtonturo, fkh ngkstruntbgk stras. ^bkno

`gbkbke Xbppbke Afr bk 4::?, Afrn lfs ngadbkoh lbs ok-

ebkoorbke fkh afkfeoaokt oxportbso gk prgònts bkvgcv-bke dgtl kow fkh oxbstbke strunturos, wbtl fk oaplfsbs gk

sustfbkfdco hosbek fkh sobsabn sfioty. Lo stfrtoh ft Xbppbke

Afr fs prgònt okebkoor doigro dongabke prgònt afkfeor

bk 4:66= bk 4:64 Afrn wfs prgagtoh tg fssgnbfto.

Fs tlo cofh okebkoor igr sovorfc prgònts, Afrn wfs fdco tg

oontbvocy bkngrpgrfto Xbppbke Afr‒s bkkgvftbvo, ngst oi-

iontbvo uso gi vortbnfccy pgst-toksbgkoh ngknroto wfccs igr

sobsabn rosbstfkno fkh lfs ng-futlgroh frtbncos bk Ngknroto

Bktorkftbgkfc fkh tlo Zgst-Xoksbgkbke Bkstbtuto @gurkfc gk tloso drofmtlrguels. Gko gi Afrn‒s strst prgònts ft Xbppbke Afrwfs tlo fwfrh-wbkkbke sobsabn rotrgstt gi 4


107/113

6:?

Ebkf Nfrcsgk, Ô Fssgnbfto

Ubtl f ngro prgstnbokny bk frnlbtonturfc okebkoorbke, Ebkf

Nfrcsgk stfrtoh ft Xbppbke Afr bk 622? fs stf okebkoor sggk

fitor ngapcotbke lor ohunftbgk ft Nfcbigrkbf Zgcytonlkbn

^tfto _kbvorsbty= slo wfs qubnmcy prgagtoh tg prgònt okeb-koor, tlok prgònt afkfeor. Irga tlo doebkkbke gi lor nf-

roor, lor fdbcbty tg sofacosscy bktoerfto frnlbtonturo wbtl

strunturo, fcgke wbtl fk oxportbso bk sobsabn rotrgstt okeb-

koorbke fkh f hoop fkbty igr wgrmbke ngccfdgrftbvocy, lfs

ebvok Ebkf afky gppgrtukbtbos tg ngktrbduto tg auctbpco ifn-

ots gi prgònt sunnoss irga ngknopt tlrguel tg ngapcotbgk.

Xlo sobsabn uperfho fkh af`gr rongkstruntbgk gi tlo

4?:,::: si Zfnbstn Zcfno bk ^fk Irfknbsng bs f nfso bk pgbkt.

Igr tlbs ngapcbnftoh fkh dgch ukhortfmbke, dosbhos gvorsoobke ngkstruntbgk fhabkbstrftbgk, Ebkf wfs rospgksbdco igr tlongkstruntbgk gi f covoc gi stooc trfksior trussos tlft fccgwoh igr tlo hbsngktbkuftbgk gi lfci gi tlo oxbstbke ngknroto suppgrt

ngcuaks wbtlbk tlo cgwor lfci gi tlo dubchbke.

Igr agro tlfk f honfho stfrtbke bk 4::6, Ebkf wfs sokbgr fssgnbfto ft @gk Drghy ^trunturfc Okebkoorbke, wloro slo sorvoh

fs sokbgr prgònt afkfeor fkh gvorsfw tlo stra‒s hfy-tg-hfy okebkoorbke fntbvbtbos. ^lo roturkoh tg Xbppbke Afr bk 4:66 fs

prgònt afkfeor fkh wfs fhvfknoh tg fssgnbfto tlo koxt yofr.

Afky gi Ebkf‒s prgònts lfvo efrkoroh fwfrhs igr tlo hosbek gi kow dubchbkes fkh tlo sobsabn rolfdbcbtftbgk gi oxbstbke strun-

turos bk f wbho rfkeo gi aftorbfcs. Xloso bkncuho tlo Ngrt- Egchafk Tosbhokno bk Kfpf, NF= tlo Afrbk Lgrbzgk ̂ nlggc= Xrbkbty

^nlggc Okrbnlaokt Noktor= Zfnbstn Zcfno, fkh ̂ tfkigrh _kbvorsbty‒s Osngkhbhg Ybccfeo.

Kbnm Dunnb, Ô Fssgnbfto


108/113

6:9

Kbnm Dunnb, Ô Fssgnbfto

Kbnm Dunnb ̀ gbkoh Xbppbke Afr bk tlo sprbke gi 4::5 fkh wfs

ocovftoh tg tlo pgsbtbgk gi fssgnbfto bk 4:68. Lo lfs tlbrtook

yofrs gi okebkoorbke oxporbokno bk f wbho vfrboty gi prg`-

ont typos fkh sorvoh fs prgònt afkfeor igr sovorfc yofrs. Fs sunl, Kbnm wfs bkstruaoktfc bk tlo ngapcotbgk gi tlo

fwfrh-wbkkbke ^fk Irfknbsng Zudcbn _tbcbtbos Ngaabssbgk

Lofhqufrtors dubchbke. Gko gi Xbppbke Afr‒s agst fadb-

tbgus prgònts, tlo ÎZ_N lofhqufrtors bs f tlbrtook-stgry

ngknroto strunturo wbtl soci-noktorbke, vortbnfccy pgst-tok-

sbgkoh ngknroto ngro wfccs fkh baaohbfto-rognnupfkny

sobsabn porigrafkno. ^babcfrcy, Kbnm lfh lfkhs-gk rospgk-

sbdbcbty igr tlo Fccok Lguso bk Zfcg Fctg, f dfso-bsgcftoh prb-

vfto rosbhokno hosbekoh dy @oksok Frnlbtonts.

Kbnm wfs tlo cofh okebkoor gk tlo COOH-Zcftbkua Cfknfstor Cgits, f kot-zorg-okorey prgònt gi POXF Ngaaukbtbos tlft

wgk tlo 4::2 Erook Dubchor gi tlo Rofr fwfrh. Lo lfs oxtoksbvo oxporbokno wbtl bkstbtutbgkfc ncbokts bkncuhbke tlo Kftbgkfc

Zfrm ̂ orvbno (KZ^), Eokorfc ̂ orvbnos Fhabkbstrftbgk (E^F), _kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, fkh Mfbsor Lgspbtfc.

Gutsbho gi Xbppbke Afr, Kbnm lfs dook bkvgcvoh sbkno 4::? wbtl tlo Okebkoors Fccbfkno igr tlo Frts (OFF), f cgnfc grefkbzf-

tbgk hohbnftoh tg tofnlbke strunturfc okebkoorbke fkh frt tg lbel snlggc stuhokts= lo bs nurroktcy gk tlo dgfrh gi hbrontgrs.

Kbnm wfs fwfrhoh tlo ÔFGKN Ngaaukbty Bkvgcvoaokt Fwfrh bk 4::2 igr lbs wgrm wbtl OFF.

Kbnm lgchs f D. .̂ bk nbvbc okebkoorbke irga _NCF fkh fk A.^. bk nbvbc okebkoorbke irga _N Dormocoy.

Ebkf Xossor Zlocfk Fssgnbfto


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6:5

Ebkf Xossor Zlocfk Fssgnbfto

Ebkf Zlocfk oktlusbfstbnfccy eubhos Xbppbke Afr‒s gvorfcc

strftoebn hbrontbgk, ignusbke gk cofhorslbp, grefkbzftbgk,

fkh oapcgyoo hovocgpaokt, fs wocc fs drfkhbke, afrmotbke,

fkh dusbkoss hovocgpaokt. ^lo iurtlor gvorsoos tlo stra‒skgktonlkbnfc stf bk tlobr gno afkfeoaokt, luafk ro-

sgurnos, fnnguktbke, fkh fhabkbstrftbvo iukntbgks. Ebkf bs

ngaabttoh tg ifnbcbtftbke tlo ngktbkuoh ergwtl gi Xbppbke

Afr fs f dusbkoss fkh fs f stra gi truo bkkgvftbgk, wloro

kow fkh oxpfksbvo pfttorks gi tlbkmbke fro kurturoh fkh

wloro pogpco fro okngurfeoh tgwfrh eokorftbvo cofrkbke

fkh lbelor covocs gi okefeoaokt.

Ebkf hovocgpoh lor cofhorslbp, hosbek, fkh afrmotbke ox-

portbso bk tlo wgrch gi afefzbko fkh dggm pudcbslbke. Fk fwfrh-wbkkbke nroftbvo, lor oxporbokno bkncuhos twocvo yofrs gierfplbn hosbek fkh afkfeoaokt pgsbtbgks ft Nflkors Zudcbslbke fkh tlo AnErfw-Lbcc Ngapfkbos‒ ̂ nlggc Hbvbsbgk= sbxtook

yofrs fs ng-gwkor gi f hosbek stuhbg sorvbke dggm pudcbslors= fkh obelt yofrs hbrontbke fkh afkfebke tlo pudcbslbke fra gi f

kgkprgstt grefkbzftbgk. Lor afrmotbke oxporbokno bkncuhos afkfebke fkh hbrontbke tlo prgagtbgkfc strftoey fkh fntbvbtbos

gi f ergup gi aohbf prgportbos, bkncuhbke sbx afefzbkos, twg nfdco XY slgws, fkh twg sfapcbke-fkh-ngupgkbke volbncos.

Ebkf sorvoh f tora fs ng-nlfbr gi FBF ̂ fk Irfknbsng‒s Ngaabttoo gk tlo Okvbrgkaokt, bs fntbvo wbtl tlo ̂ gnboty igr Afrmotbke

Zrgiossbgkfcs (^AZ^), fkh bs f aoador gi tlo ^gnboty igr Grefkbzftbgkfc Cofrkbke. ^lo bs nurroktcy okrgccoh bk tlo yofrcgke

Zrgiossbgkfc Ngfnlbke Ngurso ft Kow Yokturos Uost bk ^fk Irfknbsng, wgrmbke tg nortbiy fs fk Bktoerfc Ngfnl bk ^optoador

4:68, wbtl f ignus gk cofhorslbp fkh oxonutbvo ngfnlbke.

Ubtl f D.F. bk Ngaaukbnftbgks irga Igrhlfa _kbvorsbty bk Kow Rgrm Nbty, slo `gbkoh Xbppbke Afr bk 4::2 fs afrmotbke

hbrontgr fkh wfs prgagtoh tg fssgnbfto bk 4:68.


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6:<

Uo lfvo socontoh Xbppbke Afr igr prg`onts bk wlbnl wo woro

cggmbke igr bkkgvftbgk, ngapotokno , fkh f spfrm‘strunturfccyspofmbke. Xloy ngao up wbtl ukoxpontoh, strbmbke, fkh sunnossiuc

strunturfc ngknopts.... Xloy fro kgt gkcy pornoptbvo, dut fcsg vory

bafebkftbvo.. .. Iurtloragro, B fa stbnmcor igr eggh hrfwbkes, fkh B

tlbkm tlobr hrfwbkes fro agro tlfk ngapotokt‘tloy fro oxnoccokt‘

fkh wlok B soo ovory dfr bk tlo igukhftbgks hrfwk, ay oyos spfrmco.

B wguch rongaaokh Xbppbke Afr tg fkygko soombke f ngapotokt

fkh bkkgvftbvo okebkoorbke stra.

NLFTCO^ HFYB^ , IFBF | Z TBK NBZ FC | OLHH FTNLBX ONX _TO

^GAO GI G_T NCBOKX^


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6:2

^GAO GI G_T NCBOKX^F

Fgrhfdco Lgusbke Fssgnbftos

Fmgc fkh Rgslbb, Frnlbtonts

Fkslok fkh Fccok | ^tfkton Frnlbtonturo

D

Dfccbstbn Xonlkgcgey Bkngrpgrftoh

Dfkm gi Faorbnf

DFT Frnlbtonts

Dfrkoys KR

Dfy Frof Hbsngvory Ausoua

Dfyor Zlfrafnoutbnfc Hbvbsbgk

Doktcoy ^nlggc

Dorof Ngccoeo

DKBA

Dglcbk Nywbksmb @fnmsgk

Dggrf Frnlbtonts

Dguchor Fssgnbftos FrnlbtontsDrfkh fkh Fccok Frnlbtonts

DTBHEO Lgusbke

N

Nflbcc Ngktrfntgrs

Nlfrcos Zfkmgw Dubchors

Nghy Fkhorsgk Ufskoy Frnlbtonts

Xlo Ngaagkwofctl Ncud

Ngrkorstgko Zrgportbos

Nusnlborb Lgrtgk Frnlbtonts

H

Hfk ^abtl fkh Fssgnbftos

Hfkboc ^gcgagk Hosbek Zfrtkors

Hfvbh Dfmor fkh Zfrtkors

Hbskoy BAHHEF Frnlbtonts

HCT Ergup

Hgabkbnfk _kbvorsbty

O

OLHH Frnlbtonturo

Oaoryvbcco Noktor igr tlo Frts

Oqubty Ngaaukbty Dubchors

I

Iorkfu fkh Lfrtafk Frnlbtonts

Iboch Zfgcb

E

Eokscor

Ebnmclgrk Cfzzfrgttg Zfrtkors

Eguch Ovfks

L

Lfdbtft igr Luafkbty

Lfrcoy Occbs Hovorofux

Lgccbhfy Hovocgpaokt

Luktsafk Frnlbtonturfc Ergup

B

BHoFs, Bkn.

Bktorbgr Frnlbtonts (BF)

@@faostgwk Zrgportbos

@oksok Frnlbtonts

@gkos Cfke Cf^fcco

M

m4m hovocgpaokt

Mfkkor Frnlbtonts

Mfvf Afssbl Frnlbtonts

MAH Frnlbtonts

MXER Ergup, Bkn.

Mwfk Lokab Frnlbtonturo Zcfkkbke, Bkn.

C

Cohhy Afytua ̂ tfny Frnlbtonts

Cbnm-Ubcaorhbke Lbel ^nlggc

Cgbsgs + _ddocglho Fssgnbftos

A

Afrm Nfvfekorg Fssgnbftos Frnlbtonts

Afrm E. Fkhorsgk Ngksuctfkts

AnNfrtly Dubchbke Ngapfkbos, Bkn.

Aorny Lgusbke Nfcbigrkbf

Abnlfoc Ubccbs Frnlbtonts

Abh-Zokbksucf Lgusbke Ngfcbtbgk

Abtlŭk


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66:

K

Kftbgkfc Zfrm ̂ orvbno

KDD@

Koxt Ugrch Nfpbtfc

Kbddb DrgtlorsKbnlgcs Dggtl Frnlbtonts

Kgcc fkh Xfa Frnlbtonts

G

Gdsnurf Hbebtfc

Z

Zfeo fkh Xurkducc

Zfkgrfabn Bktorosts

Zfrfhbea Eokorfc Ngktrfntgrs

Zfucott Xfeefrt Frnlbtonts

Zormbks+Ubcc | ̂ AUA

Zormbks OfstafkZifu Cgke Frnlbtonturo

Zbxfr

Zcfkt Ngkstruntbgk Ngapfky

Zghocc Yokturos

Zgccfnm Frnlbtonturo

Zrfhg Ergup

Xlo Zrosbhbg Xrust

Zrgònt Irge

Zrgspont ̂ borrf ̂ nlggc

Zucto Lgaos

Zyftgm Frnlbtonts

T

Tftncb Frnlbtonts

Tosgurnos igr Ngaaukbty Hovocgpaokt

@T Gdfyfslb Ngrpgrftbgk

^

^fbhf fkh ûccbvfk Frnlbtonts

^fcvftbgk Fray

^fk Irfknbsng Hopfrtaokt gi Zudcbn Ugrms

^fk @gfqubk Ergup, CCN

^fros Toebs

^nlggcs gi tlo ^fnroh Lofrt, ^fk Irfknbsng

ôfefto Zrgportbos, Bkn.

^boeoc fkh ̂ trfbk Frnlbtonts

^mbhagro, Gwbkes fkh Aorrbcc CCZ

^M^ Bkvostaokts

^mbcciuc Aofks, Bkn.

âbtlErgupÂUA (kgw Zormbks+Ubcc)

^qufro, Bkn.

^TA Fssgnbftos

^tfrmwoftlor Dgkhy

^tgnmdrbheo Nfpbtfc Zfrtkors

^X_HBG^ Frnlbtonturo

ûk Cbelt fkh Zgwor

ûkwftor ̂ gcfr

^wbkortgk Dubchors

X

XLF Frnlbtonturo

XAE Zfrtkors

Xgcc Drgtlors

_

_kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, Dormocoy

_kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, Hfvbs

_kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, Brvbko

_kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, Aornoh_kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, Tbvorsbho

_kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, ^fktf Dfrdfrf

_kbvorsbty gi Nfcbigrkbf, ^fktf Nruz

_kbvorsbty gi Frbzgkf

_rdfk Gutstttors

Y

YDK Frnlbtonts

^ba Yfk hor Tyk

U

Ufrolfa Hovocgpaokt

Ufslbketgk _kbvorsbty, ̂ t. CgubsUodngr Dubchors

Uost Dfy Dubchors

Ubccbfa AnHgkguel fkh Zfrtkors

Ubcsgk Aofky ûccbvfk Zfrtkors

UTK^ ^tuhbg

P

Pop ^gcfr

POXF Lgaos

Pykef


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I G _ K H O H 6 2 < > • ^ X F I I G I > 8 • > 8 O \ N O C C O K N O B K ^ X T _ N X _ T F C O K E B K O O T B K E F UF T H ^ •

6 N O T X B I B O H C B Y B K E D _ B C H B K E • 6 8 C O O H Z C FX B K _ A , 6 : C O O H E G CH D _ B C H B K E ^ • 9 K O X - P OT G - O K O T E R

D _ B C H B K E ^ • ? F B F /N G X O Z T G @ O N X ^

© 4 : 6 4 DR XB Z Z B K E A FT | FCC T B E L X^ T O^ O T Y O H | I G_T XL O H B XB GK | XL B T H Z T B K XB KE

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