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Earths Systems and

ResourcesPopulation Land and

Water UseEnergy

PollutionThe Living World

The smallest particle of soil is known as

a. Clay

b. Sand

c. Silt

d. Gravel

e. Humus

A 100

Clay

A 100

The horizon of soil also known as the topsoil layer, that contains humus, minerals, and roots, and that is rich in living organisms is known as the

a. A layer

b. B layer

c. C layer

d. D layer

e. O layer

A 200

A layer

A 200

The surface with the lowest albedo

a. Snow

b. Ocean water

c. Forest

d. Desert

e. Black topsoil

A 300

Black topsoil

A 300

Which of the following conditions may indicate an El Nino?

a. Sea surface warms, trade winds strengthen

b. Sea surface warms, trade winds weaken

c. Sea surface cools, trade winds strengthen

d. Seas surface cools, trade winds weaken

e. None of the above

A 400

Sea surface warms, trade winds weaken

A 400

Of the freshwater on Earth that is not trapped in snow packs or glaciers, most of it (95%) is trapped in

a. Lakes

b. Rivers

c. Aquifers

d. Dams

e. Estuaries, marshes, bogs

A 500

Aquifers

A 500

Warm year-round, prolonged dry seasons, scattered trees is this biome

a. Tropical rain forest

b. Temperate deciduous forest

c. Savanna

d. Taiga

e. Tundra

B 100

Savanna

B 100

All of the following are factors that increase population size EXCEPT

a. Ability to adapt

b. Specialized niche

c. Few competitors

d. Generalized niche

e. High birthrate

B 200

Specialized niche

B 200

The two ways in which humans have most interfered with the carbon cycle are

a. Burning of fossil fuels and removal of trees and brush

b. Aerobic respiration and burning fossil fuels

c. Removal of forests and aerobic respiration

d. Combustion and causing volcanic eruptions

e. Combustion and aerobic respiration

B 300

Burning of fossil fuels and removal of trees and brush

B 300

Species that serve as early warnings of environmental damage are called

a. Keystone species

b. Native species

c. Specialist species

d. Indicator species

e. Generalist species

B 400

Indicator species

B 400

B 500

Energy

a. Recycles through an ecosystem

b. Is used over and over again

c. Flows in only one direction through an ecosystem

d. Tends to be concentrated in living organisms

e. None of the above

Flows in only one direction through an ecosystem

B 500

If a population doubles in about 70 years, it is showing a ___% growth rate.

a. 1

b. 5

c. 35

d. 140

e. 200

C 100

1%

C 100

A density independent factor would include all of the following EXCEPT

a. Drought

b. Fires

c. Predation

d. Flooding

e. All of the above are indensity dependent

C 200

Predation

C 200

All of the following are characteristics of K-strategists EXCEPT

a. Mature slowly

b. Low juvenile mortality rate

c. Niche generalists

d. Type I or Type II survivorship curve

e. Intraspecific competition due to density dependent limiting factors

C 300

Niche generalists

C 300

DAILY DOUBLE

C 400

DAILY DOUBLE

Place A Wager

All of the following factors tend to cause women to have fewer children EXCEPT

A. Higher education

B.High infant mortality

C.Better prenatal care

D.Birth control education

E. Human rights are protectedC 400

High infant mortality

C 400

If a city with a population of 100,000 experiences 4000 births, 3000 deaths, 500 immigrants, and 200 emigrants, within the course of one year, what is the net annual percentage growth rate?

a. 0.3%

b. 1.3%

c. 13%

d. 101.3%

e. 130%

C 500

1.3%

C 500

The greatest threat to the success of a species is

a. Environmental pollution

b. Loss of habitat

c. Poaching

d. Hunting

e. Introduction of new predators into the natural habitat

D 100

Loss of habitat

D 100

Most grain that is grown in the US is used

a. For export to countries that need grain

b. For cereals and baked goods

c. To feed cattle

d. For trade with other countries

e. To create fuel

D 200

To feed cattle

D 200

The second law of thermodynamics would tend to support

a. People eating more meat than grain

b. People eating more grain than meat

c. People eating about the same amount of grain as meat

d. People being undernourished

e. People eating a balanced diet from all food groups

D 300

People eating more grain then meat

D 300

A predicament where the cost of applying pesticide increases while their effectiveness decreases is called:

a. Resistance managementb. Bioaccumulationc. Persistenced. Endocrine disruptorse. Pesticide treadmill

D 400

Pesticide treadmill

D 400

The process least likely to conserve soil nutrients is

a. Crop rotation

b. Fertilizing with compost

c. Irrigation

d. Fertilizing with inorganic fertilizers

e. Both B and C

D 500

irrigation

D 500

Which of the following nonrenewable energy source has the least environmental impact?

a. Gasoline

b. Coal

c. Oil shale

d. Tar sands

e. Natural gas

E 100

Natural Gas

E 100

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of building a hydroelectric power plant?

a. Low pollution

b. High construction cost

c. Relatively low operating costs

d. Control flooding

e. Moderate to high net useful energy

E 200

High construction costs

E 200

Today, most of the world’s energy comes from

a. Natural gas, coal, and oil

b. Oil, wood, and hydroelectric

c. Hydroelectric, solar and biomass

d. Coal, oil, nuclear

e. Natural gas, hydroelectric and oil

E 300

Natural gas, coal, and oil

E 300

Nuclear power plant accident that released 30 to 40 times the radiation of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

a. Bhopal, India

b. Chernobyl, Ukraine

c. Love Canal, New York

d. Minamata Bay, Japan

e. Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania

E 400

Chernobyl, Ukraine

E 400

The lowest average generating cost (cents per kWh) comes from what energy source?

a. Large hydroelectric facilities

b. Geothermal

c. Nuclear

d. Solar photovoltaic

e. Coal

E 500

Large hydroelectric facilities

E 500

What is the largest type of domestic solid waste in the US?

a. Yard wastes

b. Paper

c. Plastic

d. Glass

e. Metal

F 100

Paper

F 100

F 200

The frequency and severity of smog in an area depends least upon the

a. Amount of industryb. Size of the ozone hole over the Arcticc. Fuels used in industry, transportation, and heatingd. Local climate and topographye. None of the above

F 200

Size of the ozone hole over the Arctic

Which of the following would be classified as a point source for pollution?

a. Sulfur oxides released from an electrical generating plant

b. Oil, grease, and toxic chemicals from urban runoff and energy production

c. Sediments from improperly managed construction sites, crops, forestlands, and eroding stream banks

d. Salt irrigation practices and acid drainage from abandoned mines

e. Bacteria and nutrients from livestock, pet waste, and faulty septic systems

F 300

F 300

Sulfur oxides released from an electrical generating plant

In developing countries, the most likely cause of respiratory disease would be

a. Photochemical smog

b. Industrial smog

c. Smoking

d. Particulate matter

e. asbestos

F 400

Particulate matter

F 400

You have been studying a large lake ecosystem. You learn that PCBs have been dumped into the water. You predict that the most effected population would be the

A. AlgaeB. Predatory birdsC. PhytoplanktonD. ZooplanktonE. Small fish

F 500

Predatory Birds

F 500

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