EARTHS MATERIALS
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Transcript of EARTHS MATERIALS
EARTHS MATERIALS
ROCKS AND MINERALS
MINERALS VS ROCKS• MINERAL is a naturally occurring inorganic solid
with a crystal structure and a characteristic chemical composition.
• These are the building blocks of rocks. • Granite is an example you can see the individual
crystals
Properties of Minerals• Crystal structure: The arrangement of the
atoms.• The difference in the crystal structuresbetween these two minerals
offers anidea of thediversity ofcrystalline forms.
Color
• Color: Some can be deceptive like quartz.
Streak
• Streak: Scrape the mineral on an unglazed porcelain plate and observe the color.
http://faculty.chemeketa.edu/afrank1/rocks/minerals/streak.htm
Luster• Metallic/Nonmetallic Luster The
luster of a mineral is the way its surface reflects light. Most terms used to describe luster are self-explanatory: metallic, earthy, waxy, greasy, vitreous (glassy), adamantine (or brilliant, as in a faceted diamond). It will be necessary, at least at first, only to distinguish between minerals with a metallic luster and those with one of the non-metallic lusters.
http://faculty.chemeketa.edu/afrank1/rocks/minerals/luster.htm
Density
Mass / volume
Please see chart on page 667
Hardness
• Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to scratching.
• Diamond is the hardest mineral with a rating of 10.
Fracture and Cleavage• Fracture: how a mineral breaks• Cleavage: a type of fracture where the mineral splits along regular well defined planes.
• Do Data analysis pg 667• Section assessment pg. 669
Rocks and the Rock cycle
• Three major groups of rocks• Igneous• Sedimentary• Metamorphic• This is based on how they are formed
http://sharksrulescienceiscool.weebly.com/rocks--minerals.html
Igneous rock
• This rock forms from magma• This forms when molten material cools and
solidifies either inside the earth or on the surface.
• Intrusive is under the earth, like granite• Extrusive is on the surface of the earth., like
basalt
Volcanic neck
• A volcanic neck is a cylindrical-shaped landform standing above the surface created by magma solidifying in the vent of a volcano. Erosion of the sides of the volcano exposes the neck.
• This is a volcanic intrusion that is exposed as the surrounding soil erodes
Sedimentary
• A rock that forms over time as sediment is squeezed and cemented together.
• Three types:• Clastic• Chemical• Organic
Clastic Rocks
• Made from the broken fragments of other rocks.
Chemical Rock
• Minerals precipitate out of a solution
Iron Ore is a chemical sedimentary rock that forms when iron and oxygen (and sometimes other substances) combine in solution and deposit as a sediment. Hematite (shown above) is the most common sedimentary iron ore mineral. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.
http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml
Organic Rock
Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment.
http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml
Metamorphic
• Rock change by temperature, pressure or chemical reaction with hot water.
• The original rock can be any type. The results is a new type of rock.
• It can also have a new mineral content. • A new texture
Rock Cycle
Rock lab
• http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html#granite
• To help Identify rocks you brought from home.
The End