Thermal Vacuum Power

Solar Thermal

“Reducing Gas/Oil Separation Plant Running Costs & CO2 Footprint with TVP High Efficiency Mirrorless Solar Thermal Panels”

October 2017

TVP Solar SA: A Swiss Company

Develops, manufactures and markets innovative high‐vacuum flat solar thermal panels

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TVP uniquely combines high-vacuum insulation and planar layout in solar thermal offering high performance up to 200°C!

Suppression of convection losses via high-vacuum insulationallows to operate with high efficiency at high temperatures without concentrating mirrors

Glass Plate

HeatAbsorber

Fluid PipeGlassSupport Structure

High-VacuumInsulation

Breakthrough solar thermal technology built on 10 proprietary patents

TVP Technology: Thermal Vacuum Power Charged™

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TVP Panels: Certified Best Thermal Performance

Highest performance at any operating temperature, in any light condition, for every thermal app

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TVP beats flat plates, evacuated tubes and concentrators in efficiency and energy production, in any environment, due to best insulation and highest direct & diffuse light capturing

TVP Unique Features: Diffuse Light Capture & No Cleaning

The only solar product that consistently operates without cleaning in harsh/dusty environments

22171988 1957

79%

63% 55%

21%37%

45%

0

500

1000

1500

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2500

Riyadh Kuwait City Abu Dhabi

Total Irradiance Direct Diffuse

TVP captures both direct and diffuse light

kWh

/m2 /

year

Source: Meteonorm

No cleaning is required by TVP panelsDust accumulation only affects TVP efficiency up to 20%

Source: TVP, IEA SHC

Dust accumulation increases sunlight scattering (diffuse)

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Irradiance Energy output never-cleaned panel Dust Effect

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TVP Panels: High Performance Even Without Cleaning (I)

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Demonstrated performance in-field without cleaning over continuous years

TVP Panels: High Performance Even Without Cleaning (II)

May 12th 2015before cleaning

2,44kWhth with 5.95 kWhth (40% efficiency @175°C)Peak panel operating temperature 164°C

Peak ambient temperature 43,6°C

May 13th 2015after dry-brush cleaning

2,73kWhth with 5.71 kWhth (47% efficiency @175°C)Peak panel operating temperature 176°C

Peak ambient temperature 47,5°C

Dust-covered panel performance only affected by 14%!!!

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Dust accumulation was measured to have minimal effect on TVP performance

TVP in KSA: Proved Consistent Thermal Energy Output

Solar field average production: 2.13 kWhth/m2/day, between 140°C and 175°C (average ~150°C)

Average sun irradiance: 5.26 kWhth/m2/day sun irradiance (40% av. efficiency)

Rainfall or dry cleaning sufficient to bring back to nominal efficiency

Maximum dust accumulation effect during the period: max 19%

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Overall Daily Irradiance on Solar Field [kWh/m2] Solar Field Cumulated Energy Output [kWh/m2]

Operating up to 175°C continuously in all weather conditions (since November 2014)

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Operating up to 175°C continuously in all weather conditions (since January 2012)

TVP in UAE: Proved Consistent Thermal Energy Output

Operating Year:

2014

Input Energy on the

collector plane

(kWh/m2/day)

Average daily energy

produced by solar

field (kWh/m2/day)

Solar Field

System

Efficiency

Average daily energy

produced by solar

field (kWh/day)

January 4.89 2.09 43% 87.88

February 5.45 2.24 41% 94.02

March 5.52 2.28 41% 95.58

April 5.73 2.44 43% 102.34

May 4.74 1.74 37% 72.98

June 4.46 1.73 39% 72.58

July 4.68 1.84 39% 77.26

August 4.97 2.22 45% 93.19

September 5.52 2.48 45% 104.02

October 5.70 2.20 39% 92.59

November 4.87 2.07 42% 86.78

December 4.81 2.03 42% 85.29

Month Average 5.11 2.11 41% 88.71

Year Total 1,865.56 770.92 41% 32,378.63

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TVP in Kuwait: Proved Consistent Thermal Energy Output

Operating at 95°C continuously in all weather conditions (since June 2014)

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Solar field average production: 3.62 kWhth/m2/day, between 90°C and 100°C (average ~95°C)

Average sun irradiance: 5.33 kWhth/m2/day sun irradiance (68% av. efficiency)

Rainfall or dry cleaning sufficient to bring back to nominal efficiency

Maximum dust accumulation effect during the period: max 19%

Thermal energy savings proven in-field in GCC for applications up to 180°C

TVP Performance: Consistent and Predictable Energetics

Notes

• Energy production & thermal efficiency are dependent on irradiance and operating temperature

• Several field tests allowed TVP to refine software tools, providing realistic predictions under any climate condition

• Capturing both direct & diffuse light leads to consistent and predictable performance

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60 95 110 120 130 140 150 165 180

kWh/m2/year 1727 1528 1427 1355 1279 1200 1118 1034 861

kWh/m2/day av. 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.4

kWh/m2/year 1702 1502 1401 1330 1255 1179 1099 977 852

kWh/m2/day av. 4.7 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.3

kWh/m2/year 1557 1363 1266 1297 1125 1050 974 857 738

kWh/m2/day av. 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.0

kWh/m2/year 1528 1333 1234 1163 1090 1013 935 814 691

kWh/m2/day av. 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.2 1.9

kWh/m2/year 1391 1200 1104 1034 966 895 822 712 602

kWh/m2/day av. 3.8 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.7

Abu Dhabi, Muscat,

Manama, Dammam

Doha

2217

2117

2003

1957

1839

GCC Cities

Riyadh

Jeddah

Dubai,

Kuwait City

GHI

kWh/m2/yearMT-Power

Tout (°C)

Thermal Vacuum Power Charged TM panels are designed to operate at high temperature MT-Power panels deliver (up to 200°C) without concentrators or mirrors

Ideally suited for high ambient temperature environments The higher the ambient T°, the higher the panel efficiency

Captures diffuse light making panels ideal for dusty & hazy environments Uses up to 40% more light in Gulf region than other technologies!

Totally off-grid thermal supply (removes power demand from the electrical grid) Peak performance highly correlated with peak demand

Minimal or no cleaning and maintenance Thanks to diffuse light capturing, cleaning is not necessary and can be done at customer option

Runs automatically and independently, has a web-based remote control system

Efficiently utilizes available space Requires minimal footprint

Easy architectural integration: can be deployed on any walkable rooftop (50kg bearable load)

Game changing technology perfectly suited for Gulf region:

TVP Solar Thermal Collector: Key Advantages

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New Applications for Solar Thermal via TVP Panels

Targeting high energy-demanding applications requiring > 100⁰C

Solarair-conditioning

Solar high-puritydesalination

Solarprocess steam

Solarprocess heating

Absorption chillers2E @ 180⁰C1E @ 95⁰C

MED/TVC, MED & MSF

80⁰C to 180⁰C

Indirect SteamGenerator up to 14bar

Industrial boilersup to 180⁰C

Note: TVP recommends hybrid solutions, with solar energy to serve the daylight needs, and complementarycombustible to extend hours of operations and provide smooth output to the application machine at requiredtemperature, in order to maximize solar use and application machine performance.

Solarchilled water

Absorption chillers2E @ 180⁰C1E @ 95⁰C

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TVP Applied to GOSPs (II)

Solar thermal integrates with HTF loops delivering up to 180°C and steam up to 90 psig

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Proven performance in GCC: reliable energy output and no need for cleaning Installed and operational in GCC since February 2012

Save thermal energy: fuel gas, diesel or even crude oil Cost-competitive renewable energy source vs combustibles

Stabilize cost of energy over 20 years and industrial cost of the products GCC have a highly volatile energy market in terms of prices, significant further increases expected

Minimize dependence from fuel gas and diesel supply, in particular in remote areas Fuel gas and diesel supply in GCC is uncertain in quantity and timing of supply

Avoid consuming oil in crude oil refining in non-normal operations

Viable solar thermal storage up to 200°C allows load coverage up to 24/7

Contribute to corporate social responsibility plan and save on CO2 emissions Apply international standards to industrial processes in terms of emissions

Achieving carbon emission targets for the oil industry with TVP panels:

TVP Applied to GOSPs: Value Proposition

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Thermal Vacuum Power

2012 AWARD

INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE

info@tvpsolar.com

TVP in Kuwait: SAC up to 165°C in Sulaibiya

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MT-Power panels & 2E absorption chiller for solar hybrid 24/7 air-conditioning (2016/11)

TVP in KSA: SAC up to 175°C in Dhahran

MT-Power panels & 2E absorption chiller for peak relief solar air-conditioning (2014/11)

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TVP in UAE: SAC up to 175°C in Masdar City

MT-Power panels & 2E absorption chiller for solar-only air-conditioning (2012/1)

Outclassing in performance, in a three-year side-by-side test, both Fresnel and Parabolic Trough concentrators

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TVP in Italy: SAC up to 175°C in Avellino

MT-Power panels & 2E absorption chiller for solar hybrid air-conditioning (2015/6)

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TVP in Kuwait: Testing Dust Accumulation at 95°C

Side-by-side test of a never cleaned vs a trimesterly brush-cleaned MT-Power panel (2014/06)

Mini TestBench results corroborate the measurements published at the International Energy Agency Task 49

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TVP in Kuwait: 2014-5 Dust Test Result Summary

Irradiance: 5.33 kWh/m2 yearly average

Trimester-cleaned panel: 3.62 kWh/m2 yearly average with maximum 5.08 kWh/m2

Never-cleaned panel: 3.41 kWh/m2 yearly average with maximum 5.01 kWh/m2

Dust effect on nominal efficiency: -11% yearly average with maximum loss at -19%

Dust effect with sporadically cleaned: -4% yearly average with maximum loss at -9%

Note: 5 rainfalls occurred during the testing period

Test demonstrated over a one-year period that MT-Power works well even when never cleaned

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Irradiance Energy output never-cleaned panel Dust Effect

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Ambient Temperature (°C)

Efficiency (PV) Efficiency (Thermal @180°C)

Solar Keymark Certificate 5251028

Siddiqui et al., Solar Energy volume 86, Issue 9, September 2012, Pages 2620–2631

PV panels face a number of challenges when deployed in high ambient temperature environments:• Under perform especially at temperatures over 40ºC • Require frequent, systematic cleaning (dust, sand, pollution)

TVP panels operate at high temperature with high efficiency and minimal cleaning required

TVP – Best Solar for Hot Climates

Suited for hot climate operations (as opposite to PV): higher the ambient T°, higher the efficiency

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