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Transcript of Thermal Hydraulic Studies for PFBR using PHOENICS U. PARTHA SARATHY Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic...
Thermal Hydraulic Studies for PFBR using PHOENICS
U. PARTHA SARATHY
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchKalpakkam
May 3-5 th 2004
2 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
PROTOTYPE FAST BREEDER REACTOR(PFBR)
Power - 500 MWe, 1250 MWth
Fuel – Mixture of UO2 (79 %) and PuO2 (21 %)
Coolant – Sodium (liquid metal) in Pry and Secy Circuits
– Water in Tertiary Circuit
High Temperatures
High Velocities
Problems –
High temperatures leading to creep, fatigue damage
Flow induced vibrations
Thermal striping
Gas entrainment
3 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
PFBR Primary Circuit
IHXPUMP
CORE
Nuclear heat
Hot Pool
Cold Pool Grid Plate
Inner Vessel
4 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Schematic PFBR Flow Sheet
•Primary Circuit •Secondary Circuit •Steam/Water circuit
HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OFGRID PLATE- e Page
6 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF GRID PLATE
• Consists of 1758 sleeves
• Receives flow from four pipes
• Distributes flow to various
subassemblies
Objectives
Flow and pressure distribution
Pressure drop in GP
Velocity over sleeves
7 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
SECTION A - A
PLAN
Modelling
2-D model in cylindrical co-ordinates (r- θ)
Sleeves modeled through porosity in radial and circumferential directions (Porous body formulation)
Inlet as Velocity BC
Outlets as mass sinks
Pressure drop due to sleeves modeled through Zukauskas correlation
Addition of resistance terms in the momentum equation using ‘ground’ subroutine.
K-E Turbulence model
HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF GRID PLATE
Schematic of Grid Plate
8 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Results of Grid Plate Analysis
Results
Predicted ΔP is 4.6 m of sodium
Similar to that extrapolated from 1:3 scale air experiments.
Pressure contours are concentric – uniform flow through fuel SA
Maximum cross flow velocity is 8.5 m/s
Flow Distribution in Grid Plate
Thermal Analysis of Hot and Cold Pools- Title Page
10 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Thermal Analysis of Hot and Cold Pools
Objectives
Inner Vessel temperature distribution
Stratification In sodium pools
Hot pool free surface velocity & temperature
CORE
11 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
CFD Model and Boundary Conditions
Modelling 2-D model in cylindrical co-
ordinates (r-z)
Core is modeled as a block
Porous body approximation for immersed components – IHX, Pump
Mass sink at IHX & PUMP inlets
Velocity BC at IHX and Core outlets
Conjugate thermal hydraulic analysis of hot & cold pools including IV
K-E Turbulence model
12 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Flow Distribution in Hot and Cold Pools
Good mixing in hot and cold pools
13 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Results
Tmax in IV is 534 OC
ΔT across thickness is 64 K
Max hot pool free surface temperature is 572 OC
Temperature Distribution in Inner Vessel
Hot Pool Free Surface Temperature Distribution
Flow Distribution in SG Inlet Plenum- Title Page
15 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Objective:To identify flow distribution devices and reduce maximum radial velocity over tubes from FIV considerations.
Schematic of PFBR SG
R
= 0°
= 180°
1200
OUTER SHELL
800
EXIT
ID 520
OD 356 NOZZLE
INLET
SHROUD
TUBE BUNDLE
TOP PLATE
460
3/5 scale model of SG Inlet Plenum
16 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Modelling
3/5 scale model
3-D cylindrical coordinates
180 O symmetric model
K-E turbulence model
Inlet as velocity BC
R
= 0°
= 180°
1200
OUTER SHELL
800
EXIT
ID 520
OD 356 NOZZLE
INLET
SHROUD
TUBE BUNDLE
TOP PLATE
460
3/5 scale model of SG Inlet Plenum
17 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
7.88 E + 00
Max. : 5.19 E + 00
Min. : 1.87 E - 01
INLET
SHELLINNER
Flow distribution in SG Inlet Plenum – Basic Configuration
Flow distribution in Inlet window region at 1430 mm from inlet
=0
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Velocity, m/s
Hei
gh
t fro
m In
let,
mm
Theta = 15 Theta = 45 Theta = 60Theta = 75 Theta = 90
Fig. 5 Radial Velocity Profile Along the Window with Basic ConfigurationRadial Velocity Profile along the Window with Basic Configuration
18 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Axial Velocity in the Annulus at 575 mm – Basic Configuration
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180Angle, degrees
Ax
ial V
elo
cit
y, m
/s
Basic Configuration
Axial Velocity in the Annulus at a height of 575 mm from inlet with various Porous Plates
19 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Porous plate used as a Flow distribution devices
30° 15
°
Porosity = 58%
Plate thickness = 10 mm
Material = Carbon steel
Radial pitch = 26 mm
Porosity = 55%d6 (Ø22.5)
d5 (Ø24)
Porosity = 63%
(Typ
) Porosity = 95%
R = 193
R = 178
Por
osity
= 6
5%
d3 (
Ø25
)
d4 (Ø25)
Porosity = 60%
d2 (Ø25)
48
58
34 34
4
2
45
55
5
R = 245
R = 260
R = 219
( = 0°)( = 180°)
3/5 scale model of SG Inlet plenum with Flow distribution devices
= 180°
R
TOP PLATE
60 % porosity
20 % porosity
TUBE BUNDLE
SHROUD
OUTER SHELL
120
0
460
800
EXIT
450
ID 520
OD 356NOZZLE
INLET
230
230
= 0°
Porous body formulation for porous plate and porous shell
Porous plate
20 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Axial Velocity in the Annulus at 575 mm from Inlet with Different Porous Plates
21 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3Velocity, m/s
He
igh
t fr
om
Inle
t, m
m
Theta = 15 deg Theta = 75 deg Theta = 135 deg
Fig. 9 Radial Velocity Profile Along the Window with Porous Plate (80 % to 55 %)
22 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Flow distribution in SG Inlet plenum with Flow distribution devices
6.42 E + 00
Max. : 4.44 E + 00Min. : 4.61 E - 02
Inlet
Porus plate
Inner shell
(= 0)
Flow distribution in Inlet window region at 1430 mm from inlet
3/5 scale model of SG Inlet plenum with Flow distribution devices
= 180°
TOP PLATE
60 % porosity
20 % porosity
TUBE BUNDLE
SHROUD
OUTER SHELL
1200
460
800
EXIT
450
ID 520
OD 356NOZZLE
INLET
230
230
= 0°
23 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Velocity Profile Along the Window at 135 deg
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Velocity, m/s
He
igh
t fr
om
In
let,
mm
Basic configuration With Porous Plate With Porous Plate and Shell
24 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
RESULTS Combination of graded porous plate and porous shell render as
uniform flow both axially and circumferentially.
The distributions of porosity in the plate and shell have been identified.
Maximum radial velocity is 0.75 m/s (average is 0.45 m/s) whereas the same is 3 m/s in basic configuration
Inter-Wrapper flow Studies-Title Page
26 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Inter-Wrapper flow Studies - Steady State
Inter Wrapper flow
Sub-Assembly Steel hexagonal Wrapper
Objectives
•Effect of IWF on SA clad hotspot
•Flow distribution in IWS
•To develop a model for studying various design basis events which will give detailed temperature distribution in hot and cold pools
27 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Sodium Flow in Primary Circuit
CORE
DHX
28 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Modeling
2-D cylindrical coordinates (r-z)
Inlets as velocity BC
Outlets as mass sink
Porous body formulation for core and other immersed structures
Coupling with 1-D model for neutronics, heat transfer calculations in core, IHX, DHX etc.CFD model for IWS and Hot and
Cold Pools
29 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Schematic of Fuel SASchematic of the SA Computational
Model
Sub Assembly Bottom
1010SA INLET REGION
-IWS
-
SSA -
BOTTOM AXIAL BLANKET
ACTIVE CORE
TOP AXIAL BLANKET
SA OUTLET REGION
300
1000
FU
EL
1
300
FU
EL
2
CLA
D
1290
Sub Assembly Top
calculated temperature
Inter-wrapper space
Storage subassembly
Hea
t tra
nsfe
r to
IWS
SA
SO
DIU
M
30 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
CORE FLOW
SA OUTLET TEMP.
HEAT TRANSFERRED
TO IWS
PRIMARY PUMP FLOW
IHX PRIMARY FLOW
IHX and DHX PRIMARY
OUTLET TEMPERATURES
DHX PRIMARY INLET TEMP
IHX PRIMARY INLET TEMP
IWS TEMPERATURE
PRIMARY PUMP INLET TEMP
1 D CODE
PRIMARY HYDRAULICS
CORE
IHX
DECAY HEAT
REMOVAL SYSTEMIV and MV
INCLUDING IWS,
AND COLD POOLS
MODEL OF HOT
PHOENICS
TWO DIMENSIONAL
Exchange of Results between 1-D and 2-D PHOENICS Models for
Boundary Conditions
31 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Flow Chart for Coupled 1D Code – PHOENICS code Calculations
START
ID code
steady state
Heat transfer to IWS
Flow and temperatures
of SA, IHX and DHX
2D
PHOENICS
Inlet temperatures of
IHX, Pump and DHX
IWS temperature
convergence
Check for
STOP
BC
NO
YES
BC
iter = 0
of Pump inlet, IWS
Guess the temperatures
iter = iter +1
Hot and Cold pools
1-D
2-D
32 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Flow Distribution in Hot and Cold pools
Temperature Contours in Hot and Cold pools
m/s
m/s
33 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Temperature and Velocity Distribution in Inter-Wrapper Space
m/s
m/s
395 OC
415
405555
425
34 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Temperature Distribution in IV
Temperature Distribution in MV
Results
•SSA outlet temperature increases by about 2 K
•Total heat transferred to IWS is 370 kW
•Axial temperature gradient of hot/cold interface is 150 K/m
35 U. Partha Sarathy, IGCAR 05/05/2004
Inter-Wrapper flow Studies - Transient Analysis (under progress)
Station blackout incident
All pumps trip
Primary circuit flow coasts down
Secondary circuits not available
Reactor trips only at 2.5 s
Temperature inside SA goes up
Good amount of heat is taken away by the IWF
Results
Transient Evolution of Temperatures in Ho
t and Cold Pools