The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold successfully embraced SOA
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Transcript of The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold successfully embraced SOA
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 1
The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully
Embraced SOA
AMIS ODTUG Preview15th June 2009Lucas JellemaSOA
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 2
Overview• What is an Oracle stronghold?• Triggers to start moving towards Services• Levels of embracing Services and SOA
– Objectives, benefits, costs & challenges– Demonstration
• Pitfalls, Lessons Learned & Best Practices• Summary
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 3
What is an Oracle stronghold?• The typical Oracle stronghold
– Using Oracle RDBMS & Oracle Development tools• Lot of SQL and PL/SQL• Probably Oracle Forms and maybe APEX as well• Possibly Oracle Designer, tools for BI & Reporting
– Several databases with many years of essential corporate data
– IT staff has Oracle veterans – 5-15 years or more– Internet development may have taken place largely
separate from the Oracle technology stack
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 4
Then wat happened…• Job Agency offered Oracle Forms application
for entering timesheets– Business partners requested a programmatic
interface to load multiple timesheets– Marketing wants to expose job details from the
back office through an internet website
• Oracle Forms application for assigning homes offered SaaS-style– SaaS Customers want the details on houses and
their availability published on a website
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 5
Then wat happened… (2)• Car Lease company has various custom
applications and databases per department– Business requires IT to support processes that go
across those applications and databases• through a single, unified User Interface• involving a legacy database and a 3rd party ERP system• with eventually some self service web modules
• Insurance company sells policies through agents using a Forms application– New direct channel: On-line policy selling
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 6
Then wat happened… (3)• Agricultural company supports ‘cow
insemination’ process with Forms application– Farmers and inspectors need to be able to record
data anytime and anywhere through PDAs (that run a .Net application)
• Mid-sized chemical pharmaceutical company uses BoB stand-alone systems and databases– To allow for faster (near real-time) responses to
customer demands and logistical challenges, tighter integration between the systems is needed
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 7
Common Characteristics
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 8
Objectives• Business Agility
– (Faster) responses to changing demands– Creating new business from existing resources
• Lower costs– Through reuse, better integration, decoupling
• Higher Quality and Faster Process execution– Automated data exchange cross boundaries– Workflow and task orientation– Business Event driven interaction
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 9
SOA = BAD
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 10
SOA =BusinessAgility through
Decoupling
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 11
Decoupling≈
Managing Dependencies
minimize impact of change while maximizing reusability
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 12
Types of decoupling• Functional
– Interface - Encapsulation of implementation• Design by Contract, Implement by Design
• Technical– No proprietary technology, protocol, message format– Standards based (XML, HTTP, RSS, WSDL…)
• Temporal– Asynchronous communication (separate response)
• Development– Separate teams working in parallel based on mutually
agreed interface definitions
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 13
Decoupling Applications & Data
Data
Application(User Interface)
Application(User Interface)
Data
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 14
Decoupling Applications & Data
Application(User Interface)
Data
Application(User Interface)
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 15
Decoupling Applications & Data
(User Interface)
Data
Application
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 16
Decoupling Applications & Data(User Interface) Application
WorkflowEngine
EmailIM
Fax
CMS
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 17
Data Ownership• Data no longer exclusively owned by a single
application• Data (query and manipulation) available via APIs,
(web)services and open standards– For example based on XML, XSD, WSDL, SOAP, HTTP
• Data Hubs are formalized, structured approach where data is completely separated from applications– All access is through services– No data duplication at all in the enterprise– Data ownership is separate process
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 18
Decoupling from Table to ESB+
http
WEBDAVFTP
http
WS/SOAP
WS*
WS*
WS*
WSRP
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 19
Tables in Database• SQL for retrieval and manipulation• Data Model in plain “view”• Decoupling between DML and Retrieval• select e.empno, e.ename
, d.dname from emp join dept using (deptno)
• Insert into dept;insert into emp;
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 20
View in Database• Hide (encapsulate) Data Model
– Manage access privileges
• SQL for retrieval and manipulation• Instead Of trigger decouples DML operations• select id, name, department from emp_vw• Insert into emp_vw• Use case: new UI on top of ‘legacy’ data
model
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 21
Package in Database• Hide (encapsulate) SQL• Procedure calls for retrieval and manipulation
– Potentially complex data structures using Object Types and (nested) Cursors
• HRM_MGR.get_emp( id) return emp_t• HRM_MGR.create_emp( emp_t);• Use case: tailor made business services to
support (Java) client
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 22
Package in Database (2)• Hide (encapsulate) SQL and Oracle
and user defined Types • Procedure calls for retrieval and manipulation
– Input and output parameters standard types only (string and number)
– Complex datastructures: XML passed as string• HRM_MGR.get_emp( id) return string• HRM_MGR.create_emp( string);• Use case: packaged business services to
support any client (that can access the DB)
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 23
Handling XML• Structured, multi-level data in a string: XML• Oracle Database has XMLType
– Can be created from a String, will parse XML• Can validate against a schema definition (the XML data
design)
– Support XPath operations to retrieve specific bits and pieces from the XML document
– Can do XSLT transformations of the incoming or outgoing XML
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 24
AQ for Asynchronous• Decouple consumer and provider
in time – asynchronuous processing• Consumer is registered on the AQ
– Usually a package that processes User Defined Type that is sent as payload in the AQ message
• Use case: asynchronously processed one-way (fire-n-forget) requests– Potentially lenghty requests– High volume of requests
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 25
Hiding the database
http
WEBDAVFTP
http
WS/SOAP
WS*
WS*
WS*
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 26
Publish package as http-based API using dbms_epg
• Hide database protocol– Not its physical location nor the schema, and user
authentication
• HTTP communication is truly cross technology– Browser, Java, .Net, JavaScript & RIA clients, …– Approximation of RESTful services (very du jour)
• Can publish in various formats– Text, HTML, CSV, JSON, XML, RSS
• Use case:cross-technology, internal no WS*/ESB
http
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 27
Publish static resources on various protocols with XMLDB
• Hide database protocol– support FTP, WEBDAV, HTTP(S)
• Run scheduled batch jobs (PL/SQL) to periodically create & expose resources– Can also consume and process resources
• Use case: cross technology need for retrieving slowly changing resources (CSV, XML)– Possibly uploading resources for batch processing
• Use case:
WEBDAV
FTP
http
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 28
SOAP based WebServices
http
WEBDAVFTP
http
WS/SOAP
WS*
WS*
WS*
WSRP
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 29
SOAP WebServices• All messages (input and output) are XML• The message consists of two parts inside an
envelope (a SOAP XML wrapper)– The header with meta-data– The body with the contents to be handled by or
returned by the service• The WebService Definition Language (WSDL)
document describes the service• An XML Schema Document (XSD) describes
the structure of the XML messages– XSD is like an ERD or Table Design
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 30
Oracle RDBMS 11g - Native Database WebServices
• Schema can be published throughnative database web services– Each package corresponds with a WSDL– Every program unit with an operation– WSDL and XSD are dynamically generated
WS/SOAP
– http and https is supported– Limited control over WSDL & XSD
– Use case: internal, cross technology, WS enabled client, no ESB or Application Server available
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 31
WebService in App Server based on PL/SQL package
• Hide database– Protocol, location, authentication:
everything handled by the application server• Use JPublisher (embedded in JDeveloper) to
publish a PL/SQL package as WebService– JPublisher creates JAX-WS-annotated class, utility
classes and possibly helper types in the database• Alternatively: create ADF BC Application
Module & publish it as a WebService (Bulldog)– With support for SDO (Service Data Objects)
• Use case: WS (SDO!) enabled client, no ESB
WS*
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 32
Enterprise Service Bus
Data
Service Service Service
App 2
Data
Service
External Partner
Service
App 1
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 33
The Enterprise Service Bus• Virtualizes services – hides the real service
from consumers– Deals with the physical location of the services
• Allows callers to use a generic, canonical message structure that it will transform to the service contract– It may even allow callers to use their own “lingo”
• Adapts synchronous to a-synchronous and vv.• Can use multiple real services to offer one
virtual (composite) service
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 34
The Enterprise Service Bus (2)• Handles various QoS & SLA aspects
– sometimes in concert with tools like OWSM– Encryption, signing, authentication– Retry and fallback– “Throttle” (prevent peak loads)
• Does monitoring, tracking & auditing, reporting, notification and escalation
• Works with Adapters to access technologies– like RDBMS (SQL, PL/SQL), AQ and JMS, File
System, FTP, Java, E-Business Suite
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 35
Publish PL/SQL Package through ESB
• Use Database Adapter to createService, combine with ESB Routing Service
• Use case: – external access to services– virtualize location of service –
• route to service based on content of the request
– virtualize part of contract of service• Package-derived XSD not suitable for consumers
– handle peak loads– monitor service levels and trace service access
WS*
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 36
Introducing BPEL for Service• BPEL adds to service
– Long running (stateful) ‘service instances’– Composite services that include
• Multiple service calls (including asynchronous)• Exception handling including retry and compensation• Human Task for manual steps & Integration Rule Engine• Process flow logic
• Use case: – data request must be fulfilled by various services;– dml impacts several systems and/or requires
human approval
WS*
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 37
Publish Business Events• Extreme Decoupled Architecture• Any system – including database – reports
events that may be interesting to other parties• The Event backbone (could be the ESB)
– Defines Event Types (name, structure of payload)– Registers Event Listeners (“please call me when the
event occurs and send the details”)– Receives events – instances of the predefined event
type with payload and timestamp• Propagate events to all registered listeners• Without blocking the event producer
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 38
Event Driven Architecture (EDA)
Data
Service Service Service
App 2
Data
Service
External Partner
Service
App 1
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 39
Database publishing events• Table Trigger intercepts DML
– Checks for Business Events such as new employee– Sends them to package EVENT_PRODUCER
• Package EVENT_PRODUCER sends events– Via UTL_HTTP to a WebService– Via AQ to a listener (ESB AQ Adapter)
WS*
EventProducerEMP
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 40
Publishing Service with UI• Instead of only publishing a
programmatic service interface– A service can be published with a User Interface;
the service-with-UI is called: Portlet
• The standard approach:– Portlet Container in Application Server exposes
WSRP services for the portlets– The Portlet produces (X)HTML and handles HTTP
requests– A Portal consumes the WSRP Portlets in a web page
WSRP
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 41
Decoupling from Table to ESB+
http
WEBDAVFTP
http
WS/SOAP
WS*
WS*
WS*
WSRP
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 42
Increasingly decoupled• More hiding of the implementation• More Formal Interface Contract• Less (proprietary) technology & more standards
for interacting• Less exposure of (legacy) data model• More support for asynchronous interaction• More reuse potential• Pervasive throughout enterprise• More suitable for external consumption
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 43
Comes at a cost…• More run time overhead
– Additional tiers– XML serialization and deserialization
• More infrastructure– Burden of Administration– License Costs– Hardware
• Broader skills palette – more stuff to master• Harder to get started
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 44
Pitfalls• Inconsistent, illegible, unstructured
namespaces and (XML) data model– Having the database (table and column names)
shine through in the canonical data model
• Introducing new unmanaged dependencies– Hard coded endpoints (service URLs)– Calling external services without proper SLA or
fallback option– Using complex technology without proper skills
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 45
Pitfalls• Lack of Balance between reusability and
usefulness (Fine grained vs. coarse grained)• The greedy clutches of enterprise architects
– Think, talk, (high level) design, draw & write, present, think, talk, …. (no real action)
• Inappropriate use of the SOA infrastructure– Web applications retrieving each indivual record (or
even field) through a separate service call• Running Forms on top of the ESB!
– Sending debug and trace messages via the ESB– Package calls other package via ESB
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 46
Pay close attention to…• Handling errors, exceptions, time out etc.
– Early detection of service unavailability
• SOA and Services Governance– Involve business in managing services and
canonical data model– Implement process of life cycle management– Ensure services are well known, findable & trusted
• Involving DBAs/Administrators early on• Implementing DTAP process & environment
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 47
Useful • Publish actual XSDs very visibly• Use Mock Service implementations during
development and test• Automated Functional and Performance Test
of individual Services• Automatic Service ‘ping’ utility• Quality of Service – SLAs and Monitoring• Canonical Model also includes Domains,
Dictionary and “Identity Repository”
16th June 2009 The Story of How an Oracle Classic Stronghold Successfully Embraced SOA 48
Summary• Objective: agility through decoupling
– Managing dependencies– Crossing boundaries – functional, technology, time
• Just do it!– Get started – at the right level for your situation
• Do not go off and buy BPEL just like that
– Even though it won’t be perfect the first time round – you will learn (only) through experience
• Do it explicitly, visibly and with all involved
SOA