THE REFORMATION THAT FAILEDlaging magiging bahagi ng pag-inog ng mundo, sa ating pagkabuhay man o...

1

The

SUN

The Unitarian Church in NSW

PO Box 355 Darlinghurst NSW 1300

15 Francis Street East Sydney

(near Museum Station)

Tel (02) 9360 2038

wwwsydneyunitarianchurchorg

Sydney Unitarian News Editor MR McPhee

December 2017January 2018

THE REFORMATION THAT FAILED This year and 2018 mark 450 years since the second phase of the French Wars of Religion (also known as the Huguenot Wars) a protracted struggle between Catholics and Protestants that lasted from 1562 to 1598 There was a total of eight periods of warfare separated by truces of varying duration and nearly every part of the country was affected While the wars were mainly between rival ruling houses other countries became in-volved at times and the fighting spilled across Francersquos borders It is estimated that three million people died from violence disease and famine during that time Religious and political tensions had been growing since Protestant ideas and publications appeared in France in 1519 (only two years after Martin Luther wrote his lsquo95 Thesesrsquo) The first French Protestant leader of any significance was Jean Calvin (see the JuneJuly 2014 issue) who converted in 1533 and developed his own distinctive theology King Francis I had tolerated the Protestants at first despite opposition from the Catholic Church but the actions of some extremists in 1534 prompted a crackdown in which some of the perpetrators were burned at the stake Calvin had no involvement in those events but he fled to Geneva and the church he established there eventually controlled the whole city Francis I was succeeded by his son Henry II whose Edict of Chacircteaubriant in 1551 severely curtailed the rights of Protestants to worship assemble or even discuss religious matters However the Calvinist influence from Geneva galvanised the movement to the point that in the 1560s over 1200 Protestant churches existed and even half of the French nobility had converted ndash most notably the Condeacute branch of the House of Bourbon When Henry II died in 1559 he left a political vacuum with his eldest son Francis II aged 15 and his widow Catherine dersquo Medici (pictured at left) as regent The Catholic Guise branch of the House of Lorraine sought to dominate the new king who died in 1560 and his brother Charles IX but Catherine convened a national council of clergy to give the Protestants a fair hearing Known as the Colloquy of Poissy after its location near Paris this led to the Edict of Saint-Germain in 1562 which permitted Protestants to worship publicly outside of cities and towns However only two months later the Duke of Guisersquos retainers attacked a Calvinist service at Wassy-sur-Blaise in the northeast massacring the worshippers and most of the townrsquos inhabitants The forces of Louis Prince of Condeacute (pictured

at centre) and his allies then seized control of Orleacuteans Tours Lyon and other strategic towns Battles and sieges followed and English troops occupied the port of Le Havre until Catherine mediated a truce in 1563

2

This lsquoArmed Peacersquo held until 1567 when the Huguenots became concerned that the Catholics were mobilis-ing this time with the support of Spain They attempted to capture Charles IX and his family at the Chacircteau de Montceaux near Paris ostensibly to protect them from an Italian plot but this was a failure A number of cities then declared themselves for the Protestant cause and a massacre of Catholics took place at Nicircmes in the south This led to the second phase of the wars and to the Battle of Saint-Denis near Paris in which 3500 Huguenot troops held off a force of 16000 Royalists before retreating to their eastern stronghold Another truce the Peace of Longjumeau was negotiated in 1568 but it lasted only a few months The third phase was a truly international affair but this time the Catholics started it Prince William of Orange brought an army of Dutch Protestants into France but it was under-resourced and the French government paid him to withdraw With financial help from England the Huguenots gathered a formidable army which includ-ed German mercenaries and the Catholics were reinforced by troops from Spain and Italy After some gains in the southwest the Prince of Condeacute was captured in the Battle of Jarmac in 1569 and subsequently killed The Catholic forces got the upper hand in two later battles but then the Huguenots launched a massive campaign up the Rhone Valley into the heart of the country Another truce the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was negoti-ated in 1570 which made concessions to the Protestants For a while it looked like the peace would hold ndash Charles IX treated the Huguenot leaders favourably to the point of marrying his sister Marguerite to the Protestant Prince Henry of Navarre (pictured at right) in 1572 However this only antagonised the Guise faction and they murdered the Huguenot military leader Admiral Gaspard de Coligny when he came to Paris for the wedding That precipitated the Saint Bartholomewrsquos Day Massacre on 24 August in which Catholic mobs killed an estimate 2000 Protestant civilians and a series of riots in a dozen other cities followed as the news spread The total death toll was at least 10000 Forces led by Henry Duke of Anjou (Charlesrsquo younger brother) then besieged three Huguenot cities only one of which was captured The fighting ceased in 1573 when Henry was elected King of Poland but the subse-quent Edict of Boulogne banned Protestant worship almost entirely In his absence the Huguenot leaders found Francis Duke of Alenccedilon (Charlesrsquo youngest brother) sympathetic to their cause In 1574 they attempted to free Henry of Navarre and the new Prince of Condeacute who had been held at the royal court since the formerrsquos wedding That failed but uprisings elsewhere were more successful precipitating another phase of the wars

Charles IX died in 1574 and his brother returned from Poland to become King Henry III Faced with a deteri-

orating situation in the south the defection of his brother Henry of Navarrersquos escape and an invasion from the Palatinate in Germany he was obliged to negotiate the Edict of Beaulieu in 1576 That gave the Hugue-

nots freedom of worship everywhere except in Paris and some of their leaders received land and titles Promising as this was Henry Duke of Guise and five dukes related to him formed the Catholic League in

fierce opposition to it Henry III capitulated to them and less equitable terms were enacted in 1577

(Continued on p 12)

SERVICE DIARY

Meetings every Sunday from 1030 ndash 1130 am

(followed by coffee tea and food)

These will be video presentations

[Please check the church website (wwwsydneyunitarianchurchorg) for updates The program for March will

be available from the beginning of February]

Date Presenter Topic

3rd December Peter Crawford Jonathon Swift

10th December Kelvin Auld Saving the Northern Beaches (Part 2)

17th December Peter Crawford Christmas in a Secular Age

NO SERVICES FOR SIX WEEKS

4th February Peter Crawford Perverse Reason Erewhon

11th February Michael Spicer Secrets of Kangaroo Island

18th February Peter Crawford The New Left

25th February Mike McPhee The Edict of Torda

3

Naam indha deepathai yetrumbodhu naam

anbin ikeeyathodu enaikappatulladhai

unarvomnam manam udal aanmaavilirundhu

irul agandrupovadhaga Indha thozhugaiyil

panguperum naam nammai undaakiyavar

namakku koduthhulla anbaiyum belanaiyum

ninaivukooruvomaaga Namakullaana manidha-

thanmai namakku puthiya nambikkaiyai

kodukattum unmaiyudanum muzhu sindhaiyu-

danum Devanai thozhuddhukollum naam

anbaiyum nanmaigalaiyum pirarukku kodukum-

padi anbinaal kattappaduvomaaga

As we light the Chalice an expression of

joining ourselves in the warmth of our

community and fellowship in oneness to

dispel the darkness from our mind and body

and soul We rejuvenate and rekindle the

assurance of Godrsquos love and the strengthening

of ourselves with Divine grace and participate

in this hour of worship and adoration

humbling our humanness and bringing New

Hope along with the illuminating Chalice

Submitted by the Unitarian Christian Church of Chennai Tamil and English words written by its minister Rev Harrison Kingsley

Minsan Isang Sandali

Kung minsan may kaseguruhan kung minsan may

pagtataka kung minsan may pagbabadya kung

minsan may pagkabigo kung minsan may simula

kung minsan may katapusan kung minsan may

pahinga at walang kailangang gawin ngunit tayorsquoy

laging magiging bahagi ng pag-inog ng mundo sa

ating pagkabuhay man o pagkamatay maging alik-

abok man tayo na lumulutang sa tubig o maging

hininga o maging abong nasa hangin matapos kain-

in ng apoy Ang mahalaga ay ang minutong ito ang

sandaling itong magkakasama kung saan tayo ay

mamamalagi na mistulang walang hanggan

Sometimes A Moment

Sometimes there is certainty sometimes wonder

sometimes somethingrsquos looming and sometimes

there is loss

Sometimes there is a start sometimes an end

sometimes there is rest and nothing needs doing

But we will always be part of the world going

around even in life or death should we be dust

floating on the water or breath or ash in the wind

after itrsquos been eaten by flames What is important

is this minute this moment together where we

shall remain as if it wouldnrsquot end Submitted by the Unitarian Universalist Church of the Philippines English and Tagalog words written by Rev Tet Gallarado minister of the Bicutan UU Congregation in Manila [These are the Chalice Lightings from the International Council of Unitarians and Universalists for the months of October and November] The Unitarian Christian Church of Chennai (Madras) was founded in 1813 by William Roberts (1768ndash1838)

a Tamil whose original name was Thiruvengatam As a teenager he was recruited to work on a British East

India Company ship only to find that the lsquoagentrsquo had sold him as a slave Freed in London three years later he

became a servant in the captainrsquos household where he learned to read in English and was introduced to

Christianity In 1789 he was baptised as an Anglican and took an English name

Roberts always had trouble with the doctrine of the Trinity however which was resolved when he discovered

Unitarianism in 1793 After studying the works of Joseph Priestley and Theophilus Lindsey he returned to

Madras and began instructing others about Unitarianism Meetings of ten families commenced before a small

chapel was built in 1813 using Tamil liturgy modelled on Lindseyrsquos Reformed Prayer Book Roberts wrote to

the London Unitarian Society asking for books and other help and that body paid for the printing of his

Tamil-language material

The chapel was used by the congregation for almost 200 years before it was replaced by a new building on

the same site 2009 Roberts died in 1838 and was succeeded by his son William jr whose ministry lasted

until 1885 Later ministers were Revs Moses Benjamin N A Samuel and Merlin Gabriel whose son Rev

Harrison Kingsley Gabriel has led the church since 1995 The UCCC is a member of the Indian Council of

Unitarian Churches along with the Khasi Hills Unitarians in the northeast of the country

4

THE MEIJI RESTORATION

By Peter Crawford

I can state unequivocally that my favourite country is Japan Its crime-rate is so low that the police have to

invent crime and other problems to keep themselves busy The cities and towns avoid the preposterous shoe-

box dystopia high-rise that seems to afflict other nationsrsquo cities Of course precaution against earthquakes is

a major reason for keeping the cities towns and villages reasonably low-rise something like a compact

version our workerrsquos towns in the Hunter Valley The countryside is an artists dream A place like Hokkaido

is like a mini-Canada ndash a snowbound paradise with high hills rushing streams and big black bears and

monkeys haunting the pristine forests Meanwhile Okinawa is a mini-Hawaii with coral coasts a subtropical

climate palm trees and local bananas as sweet as honey

An historic town like Kamakura the centre of a medieval Buddhist empire and now a tourist destination

may seem like a town en fecircte I once wandered to the railway station there one chilly afternoon and there

were rows of lanterns everywhere ndash reds golds and enchanting colours ndash and little stalls where you could

purchase a range of small foods I met two Mormon missionaries there that evening who told me they had

worked the area for two years but had not recruited so much as one Japanese ldquoEveryone is politerdquo they told

me ldquobut they all simply say we are Buddhistrdquo

Meanwhile around cities like Osaka there are mighty medieval castles terrifying and forbidding places that

now provide family weekend outings It was not always so ndash they resonate with a fierce Shogunate tradition

of bloodshed and mayhem and local power in times gone by And for the education of the people they pre-

sent all the fine steel and armaments those times This paraphernalia of medieval re-enactment and warfare

impresses the visitor as much as its terrifying European equivalents

The coastal and fertile areas are massively populated and the great industrial spine of Nippon Incorporated

probably festoons Honshu for a thousand kilometres or more The so-called rural areas seem as densely

populated as our quarter-acre block suburbs Some rural areas with their miniature rice farms seemed to me

as restricted as a suburb like Redfern in Sydney Yet once you get away to the eighty percent of Japan that is

not Nippon Incorporated you come to the aesthetic of the Honshu countryside where of course the ultimate

showpiece is Mt Fuji

Below Fuji is a lake where you can stay at beguiling inns near a spacious and very beautiful lake To the fit

walker who speaks Japanese or who can travel with a Japanese-speaking companion the hiking and touring

in the hills and to the inns for a warm reception is a great experience to be had The Japanese are scrupulous-

ly clean people When first intruded upon in the 16th Century by Portuguese and Dutch traders they were

utterly appalled by the unwashed stinking adventurers who had dared enter their sacred land At that time

Europeans literally didnt wash while Japanese maintained a ritual cleanliness every day

Now for those unaware of the fact Christianity is a subversive religion that teaches a militant ethic of

universalism and church control The Japanese became aware of the fact that Catholics were as loyal to the

Pope as they were to the Shogun (the power before the revival of imperial power in the 19th Century) Their

own Shinto religion revered national heroes nature and the emperor The Japanese elites soon had no time

for the Western religion ndash Buddhism was contemplative and deeply embedded and thus secure In the early

17th Century the feudal lords drove the Christians out with great cruelty often employing crucifixion as a

means of eliminating and terrorising Catholics The Calvinist Dutch traders were allowed to keep trading in

small outposts but the Catholic Portuguese were not

In 1854 the strident new nation of the United States decided to challenge Japanrsquos 250-year isolation

President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Perry to insist that Japan open its ports to international trade

Perryrsquos sailors marched to a local commander whom they believed (quite wrongly) held the real power The

landed sailors marched in full colours of red white and blue with bands playing lsquoWhen Johnny Comes

Marching Home They were stunned by the fairy tale beauty of the villages and the petite civilised qualities

of everything around The locals were entranced by the colourful new arrivals The sailors were courteously

received and conned but not at first allowed to really understand what was going on Commodore Perry told

his beguiling hosts that he would give them a year or two to think about opening up or face the full weight

of American imperial aggression On his return the Japanese came to some compromise

5

Shortly after in 1860 America became involved in its own civil war over slavery and the preservation of the

Union Meanwhile between 1855 and 1868 a whole new power structure emerged in Japan with the old

Tokugawa Shogunate displaced and an empowered imperial Meiji restoration The process of proceeding

from medieval localisms to a modern centralised state took all of fourteen years The process was not easy

Local revolts were common and assassinations and a civil war of sorts were all part of the picture as Japan

rose from its feudal slumbers But in 1868 the young Meiji then aged fourteen was placed on the newly em-

powered Chrysanthemum Throne and performed as a sober and resolute ruler until his death aged 67 in

1911 He was capably steered and advised by the bureaucratic warriors who supervised his ascension

An underlying theme of the new Meiji rulers was lsquofokuku kyōheirsquo (rich nation strong military) The first aim

of the wily and highly prescient leaders of the new Japan was to avoid the fate of the rest of the world which

was rapidly falling under Western domination The Japanese rulers witnessed the fall of Vietnam to France

the conquest of India and the repeated humiliation of China by British French and Russian intrusions

Although it hurt somewhat they sidestepped an anti-Western narrative lsquoRepel the barbariansrsquo was replaced

by lsquoKnowledge shall be sought throughout the world to invigorate the foundations of imperial rulersquo

As Arnold Toynbee argues societies confronted by enemies with more powerful weapons and technology

must either adapt or perish The Japanese quickly decided to adapt As a proud and superior people with a

rational and committed set of bureaucrats at the top this was possible in Japan more than elsewhere Military

threats from within were also put down The samurai lost their feudal rights and were pensioned off and sent

to Hokkaido Local power elites had their powers removed The readers of Japanese history of the period are

amazed at the systematic progress of Japan from feudalism to some sort of parliamentary government ndash

parliamentary but by no means democratic That did not come until after World War II

The Meiji hired hundreds of Western advisers with expertise in such fields as education mining banking

law military affairs and transportation to remodel Japans institutions Conversely thousands of Japanese

students were sent to universities in the West even as a system of Imperial Universities was established in

the major cities in Japan A Constitution promulgated in 1889 established an elected House of Represent-

atives and an appointed House of Peers However only 2 of the population were eligible to vote any bills

passed by the lower house had to be approved by the upper house and the Cabinet was directly responsible

to the Emperor

The projects to build up the new economic system were costly Powerful feudal families were chosen to

fulfill this destiny ndash the present-day Mitsui and Mitsubishi conglomerates among others had their origins in

Japanese fiefdoms and merchant houses They took over production and manufacturing heavily favoured by

government subsidies and official protectionism Others who supported the Meiji faction in their rise to

power found themselves richly rewarded with government largesse and favours

Despite all the vicissitudes of altered business circumstances and war they were mighty then and remain

mighty today The Japanese government will not allow them to fall despite any setbacks This of course

gives the lie to modern free market advocates who claim as did our PM Tony Abbot lsquono country ever

became great through subsidiesrsquo Well what about Japan

Of course there was a lot more than subsidies that made Japan great A land tax instituted in 1873 was the

main source of government revenue and it fell heavily on the peasants At times the price of rice dropped

and the peasants suffered However the people worked long and hard with all the vitality of an East Asian

people ndash diligent dutiful traditional and loyal to emperor and native land No culture of arrogance religious

triumphalism and foreign exploitation rules the hearts and minds of the Japanese people as it does for

example throughout the Middle East in countries like Saudi Arabia No culture of immigration like that of

the US or Australia was tolerated nor is it tolerated today Multiculturalism has absolutely no place in the

Japanese paradigm

What the Japanese cannot do themselves they generally wonrsquot do They will import resources from all over

the world but they will do the value-added processes themselves They were like this in the early years of the

Meiji Restoration and they are like this today Generally as Japan rose in the late 19th Century the people

worked and often suffered in silence Women of course were particularly exploited Their conditions in the

textile factories could scarcely have been better than those in England at the same time Yet just as in

England the Industrial Revolution started around textiles and progressed to shipbuilding and heavy industries

In an amazingly short time Japan became the only major exporter of manufactured goods in Asia

6

Women however could work as factory fodder farm hands or if they were lucky enter the lowly-paid yet

congenial occupation of primary teaching One exception for women however was in the area of medicine

which they entered in force well before they did in the United States By the 1870s education was made

compulsory for all Japanese children although four years was seen as sufficient and the families of school-

age children were heavily taxed to pay for it The adage lsquono community with an illiterate family nor a

family with an illiterate personrsquo became a guiding principle Suddenly an illiterate people became literate

and educated in all areas Meanwhile the numbers of Japanese increased dramatically from 30 million at the

time of the Meiji Restoration to about 70 million by the time of his death in 1911

Mountainous Japan had never had a road system worthy of the name relying largely on marine transport for

both goods and passengers In conjunction with the steam-powered spinning mills for silk and cotton rail-

ways were also built ndash but in its typical fashion the government insisted that the engines and rolling stock

were built in Japan and that locals were trained by the Western contractors to build and operate them Proper

sealed roads were also built at a similarly impressive rate as the railways were

As the 19th Century came to an end Japanese industry became diversified and sophisticated In the 1870s

when the Japanese decided upon building a navy they relied on two ships imported from Europe in order to

begin By the 1905 they had made their own sophisticated set of ships which under the British-trained and

influenced Admiral Toga were able to sink the pride of the Russian fleet in one swift twenty-four hour battle

in the Strait of Tsushima In the same Russo-Japanese War tens of thousands of troops were able to storm

the great Russian fortress of Port Arthur in Manchuria and drive a sizeable Russian army back into Siberia

In this terrible battle Japan committed 357000 troops and lost 57000 dead The Russians lost 27000

retreating in disarray and disillusion

The Japanese had employed the best of modern armaments copied from American and European weaponry

but largely made by themselves Not bad for a people who just fifty years earlier had been fighting clan

battles with muskets and bows and arrows shielded only by medieval chainmail After this war Japan

effectively gained control over Manchuria Korea the Kurile Islands and the southern half of the large island

of Sakhalin north of Hokkaido The Russians were spared a much worse humiliation when the US President

Theodore Roosevelt mediated a peace treaty in Portsmouth New Hampshire in which Japan dropped its

demand for an indemnity (Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for that achievement)

Ten years before their victories over Russia the Japanese had used their new weapons and European military

practice to defeat China in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895 This gave them possession of Taiwan

which they ruled for the next 50 years in a liberal and benign fashion with an amazing respect for the indi-

genous peoples of the island The Chinese had not treated them at all well since the island was recovered

from the Dutch in the 18th Century The Japanese even established an Imperial University in Taipei

Ironically Japanrsquos very success in Taiwan was a major cause of its long-term imperial downfall If Taiwan

could be ruled so easily why not China itself After all had not the still extant non-Chinese Manchu dynasty

ruled China comparatively peacefully for a period of 250 years There were only ten million Manchu ruling

forty times as many Chinese Why couldnt the Japanese numbering 60 million enjoy the same imperial

experience The Japanese began to dream big imperial dreams and for this they were to suffer very greatly as

a people fifty years later

So Japan aspired to be a mighty power and it became one The Japanese people were dragged unwillingly

onto the world stage when they had been happy to live in a stable homogenous and very beautiful society

They were forced by American capitalism to join the modern world and a terrible beauty was born

[This concludes Peterrsquos three-part series on Japan based on his trip there in January The earlier parts were

printed in the FebruaryMarch and JuneJuly issues which are archived on the church website

Emperor Meiji whose reign name was Mutsuhito was succeeded by his son Yosihito (1912ndash26) followed

by the latterrsquos son Hirohito (1926ndash89) It is claimed that the Emperors were all members of a single dynasty

that goes back to 660 BCE which makes it the longest-standing ruling family in the world That would still

be true if the first 14 Emperors who are considered legendary are excluded from the total of 125 rulers

Just for the record the Tokugawa Shoganate (1603ndash1868) was a period during which members of that family

acted as military dictators who ostensibly protected the various Emperors]

7

JAPANESE LANDMARKS

Senso-ji Temple Tokyo

Peace Bell Hiroshima

Nakanoshima Park Osaka

Great Buddha Kamakura

Temple City Nara

Botanical Garden Kyoto

[Nara was the capital of Japan in 710ndash794 after which the imperial court moved to nearby Kyoto until 1868

Tokyo (formerly called Edo) was the headquarters of the Tokugawas while Kamakura to the south was the

seat of an earlier Shogunate that ended in 1333 All of these cities are on the main island of Honshu]

8

YOU WENT THE WRONG WAY OLD KING LOUIE

Louis the Sixteenth was the King of France in 1789

He was worse than Louis the Fifteenth

He was worse than Louis the Fourteenth

He was worse than Louis the Thirteenth

He was the worst since Louis the First

King Louis was living like a king but the people were living rotten

So the people they started an uprising which they called the French Revolution

And of course you remember their battle cry which will never be forgotten

You went the wrong way Old King

Louie

You made the population cry

rsquoCause all you did was sit and pet

With Marie Antoinette

In your place at Versailles

And now the countryrsquos gone kablooie

So we are giving you the air

That oughta teach you not to

Spend all your time fooling rsquoround

At the Folies Bergegravere

If you had been a nicer king

We wouldnt do a thing

But you were bad you must admit

Wersquore gonna take you and the Queen

Down to the guillotine

And shorten you a little bit

You came the wrong way Old King

Louie

And now you ainrsquot got far to go

Too bad you wonrsquot be here to see

That great big Eiffel Tower

Or Brigitte Bardot

To you King Louie we say fooey

You disappointed all of France

But then what else could we expect

From a king in silk stockings

And pink satin pants

You filled your stomach with chop suey

And also crecircpe suzettes and steak

And when they told your wife Marie

That nobody had bread she said

ldquoLet rsquoem eat cakerdquo



Itrsquos somewhere in the heart of town

And when that fellarsquos through

With what hersquos gonna do

Yoursquoll have no place to hang your

crown


Louie

Now we must put you on the shelf

Thatrsquos why the people are revolting

rsquocause Louie

Yoursquore pretty revolting yourself

Allan Sherman (1963)

Understandably nothing funny was ever written about the French Wars of Religion so this will have to do

Allan Sherman (1924ndash73) was a famous Jewish-American writer of comic parodies based on existing songs

and even pieces of classical music This song begins with a riff of lsquoLa Marseillesrsquo but the verses are based on

lsquoYou Came a Long Way from St Louisrsquo composed in 1948 by Bob Russell and John Benson Brooks It was

recorded in Shermanrsquos third album My Son the Nut released in 1963

Born Allan Copelon in Chicago Sherman took his motherrsquos maiden name after his parents divorced He

attended the University of Illinois and wrote a humour column for the student newspaper He became a tele-

vision writer and producer of game shows in the 1950s before he turned his hobby of writing parodies to better

use in the 1960s His first album My Son the Folksinger came out in 1962 followed by My Son the

Celebrity but his best-known song was lsquoHello Muddah Hello Faddahrsquo released as a single in 1963

Sydney Keith lsquoBobrsquo Russell (1914ndash70) was a songwriter chiefly a lyricist who started with vaudeville songs

and later wrote musical scores for movies He co-wrote lsquoHe Ainrsquot Heavy Hersquos My Brotherrsquo with Bobby Scott

in 1960 John Benson Brooks (1917ndash99) was a pianist arranger and composer who worked with a number of

jazz and blues songwriters amongst others over his lengthy career

As always these songs need to be heard in order to be fully appreciated ndash just search wwwyoutubecom

9

I HEARD THE BELLS ON CHRISTMAS DAY

I heard the bells on Christmas Day

Their old familiar carols play

and wild and sweet

The words repeat

Of peace on earth good-will to men

And thought how as the day had come

The belfries of all Christendom

Had rolled along

The unbroken song


Till ringing singing on its way

The world revolved from night to day

A voice a chime

A chant sublime


Then from each black accursed mouth

The cannon thundered in the South

And with the sound

The carols drowned


It was as if an earthquake rent

The hearth-stones of a continent

And made forlorn

The households born


And in despair I bowed my head

ldquoThere is no peace on earthrdquo I said

ldquoFor hate is strong

And mocks the song

Of peace on earth good-will to menrdquo

Then pealed the bells more loud and deep

ldquoGod is not dead nor doth He sleep

The Wrong shall fail

The Right prevail

With peace on earth good-will to menrdquo

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1863)

This poem was written on Christmas Day 1863 at the height of the American Civil War Longfellowrsquos son

Charles had enlisted in the Unionist army without his fatherrsquos permission and was severely wounded in battle

in Virginia shortly before that time He eventually recovered but he did not return to military service

For reasons that are unclear the poem was first published in 1865 in a magazine called Our Young Folks It was

first set to music by the English organist John Baptiste Calkin in 1872 and that version has been recorded by

singers as various as Johnny Cash and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir (The verses relating to the Civil War are

usually left out however)

As everyone hopefully knows Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807ndash1882) was a Unitarian born into a family

of left-wing Congregationalists William Ellery Channing was a friend of the family having attend Harvard

with Longfellowrsquos father and he met Ralph Waldo Emerson in later life though his independent theology did

not fully embrace Transcendentalism (See the feature article in the AprilMay 2009 for the full story)

10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard

In 1966 the first post-scriptum to Alexanderrsquos story was written in a most unexpected place and circum-stances By the end of June of that year Mauricersquos existence had changed dramatically taking a new but not all that unpredictable course Due to a succession of events that may be told in detail later on he had hurled himself into a nomadic lifestyle trekking across Lapland and then having sailed leisurely from lake to lake on an old-fashioned steamer from the north to the south of Finland he ended up in Helsinki Possessed with the freewheeling spirit of those times he then decided without a second thought to hitchhike from the lsquoLand of the Midnight Sunrsquo with reindeer antlers precariously tied to his backpack all the way across Eastern Europe to Constantinople the sublime gate to the Orient Mildly disappointed when he arrived there he found Istanbul instead of Constantinople ndash but the splendour of Byzantium lingered on as the fragrance of mimosa does long after its bloom has faded Stunned and unsure as to whether he was in a dream or in Heaven he sat for hours admiring the Hagia Sophia1 the Byzantine Basilica completed in 537AD which for many centuries had proudly defied gravity with its dome reputedly the largest in the world The Ottomans would then meticulously and methodically vandalise the building a millennium later soon after they had conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453 To add insult to injury this great historical centre of Christianity was then literally nailed to the ground with four minarets

Cross-section drawing of the Hagia Sophia in 537AD

The Hagia Sophia today

1 Hagia Sophia from the Greek Holy Wisdom was a Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal basilica in Constantinople (now Istanbul)

11

While admiring this desecrated shrine Maurice met and befriended a young French poet called Philippe

who might have been appropriately dressed for an elegant cocktail party in Northern Europe but not for the

sweltering heat the stench and the dust of Istanbul He was one of those individuals who stubbornly adhere

to specific sartorial standards no matter how incongruous or uncomfortable like those sweaty European ex-

patriate civil servants one used to encounter in various colonial outposts of the tropics Maurice admired

Philippersquos defiant attire but he also found it slightly ridiculous and teased him about it for the next few days

Philippe did not mind as he was clearly accustomed to such jibes and he enjoyed play-acting the fop to a

receptive audience

The world being indeed a very small place this overdressed Alsatian bard was also the scion of a prominent

family of medical practitioners in his hometown of Strasbourg Having similar interests and sensitivities this

pair of drifters became travelling companions for a while although like most misfits they generally preferred

to be alone Philippe was short chubby and eloquent while Maurice was tall skinny and laconic They were a

mismatch but their obvious differences didnrsquot seem to matter to them This odd duo wandered the backstreets

and the bazaars of Istanbul visited the inevitable tourist sites absorbed the sounds and fragrances of the Orient

and ended up in a seedy bar drinking too much Raqi2 while philosophising on the collapse of Byzantium

In truth there were no alternative affordable locations for their libations as all bars in Istanbul appeared

seedy if not sleazy which made these shady dives all the more appealing to two middle class Western

adolescents seeking the frisson of exotic squalor Indeed no serious traveller wants to get sloshed in lsquonice

barsrsquo frequented by lsquonice peoplersquo and besides as we all know lsquonice peoplersquo have a tendency to be much

nastier than they appear For the audacious bourgeois adventurer seediness and sleaze are essential pre-

requisites of all urban explorations

It was in such a drinking hole more reminiscent of an odorous public toilet than a comfortable pub that one

evening in one of those intoxicated moments of youthful recklessness that cements long-lasting friendships

that Maurice and Philippe decided to emulate Lord Byron and swim across the Bosphorus Strait under the

cover of darkness to avoid police detection and certain arrest A couple of young German tourists called

Ursula and Thomas whom they had met in the flea-infested hotel near the Grand Bazaar where they all

stayed at offered to drive them in their Volkswagen minibus to their launching point take care of all their

belongings and wait for them at an agreed spot on the other side of the Bosphorus Strait the Asian side near

the Beylerbeyi Sarayi (Beylerbeyi Palace)

Maurice who had decided to trust them convinced a more circumspect Philippe that even if all their belong-

ings disappeared they could always go to the French Consulate and ask for assistance To use an expression

in vogue at the time one could say that for a generation that sincerely wanted to make the world a better

place ldquoit wouldnrsquot have been cool to rip each other offrdquo although later on many of those well-intended lsquoBaby

Boomersrsquo would get over their romantic idealism and returning to the fold they would prove to be as rapa-

cious as their forefathers To minimise risks and efforts they chose the narrowest section of the strait and

began their journey in front of the Ccedilirağan Surayi (Ccedilirağan Palace) which had been in ruins since 1909 but

would later be restored and converted into yet another ostentatious luxury hotel sometime around 1991

The Ccedilırağan Palace seen from the Bosphorus Strait

2 An alcoholic spirit drink distilled from grain grapes plums and flavoured with aniseed

12

This short aquatic trip from Europe to Asia was perilous if not downright stupid but it was also an adven-

ture neither would ever forget The water on the edge of the Bosphorus was a tepid odorous brew of

effluents and diesel fuel At first our swimmers had to paddle through floating islands of detritus and dead

creatures in various stages of decomposition but soon due to the salubrious effect of water currents things

got more pleasant Away from the shoreline the boys were at last able to pause to admire the stars and the

city lights flickering and sparkling over the dark flapping waves A mighty cruise ship went by with her pro-

pellers stomping and chopping the waters gliding by serenely with utter confidence in her great power

For a few long minutes Maurice and Philippe thought they were going to be drawn into a fatal whirlpool and

minced by this metallic behemoth but on this occasion fate if there is such a thing decided to spare them

Fishermen who spotted them in the glow of their kerosene lamps at first asked if they required some help

but as the boys kept swimming trying to explain that they were fine these Good Samaritans sailed on

joking among themselves puzzled and amused by the absurdity of these wayward Westerners whom they

ended up cursing for disturbing the fish

Being somewhat socially inept Maurice had since early childhood disliked all team sports As a matter of

fact he had disliked all sports in general considering such physical endeavours as complete wastes of time

either as a participant or particularly as a spectator In any case he considered competition to be one of the

most subversive of all human activities This being said he had periodically enjoyed some individual sports

such as tennis or running for any distance over a thousand metres As long as he was on his own being only

responsible to and for himself he found such exercise tolerable if not pleasurable He had for many years en-

joyed swimming long distances and had even hoped that one day he would swim across the English Channel

but that project would never eventuate

Although he had navigated in a sea of uncertainty for most of his young life and was chronically griped by

self-doubt he often wondered on the futility of all his endeavours but on that warm summer night of 1966

swimming between Europe and Asia across that fabled body of water which links the Mediterranean and the

Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea leading to his beloved Russia he had never felt more alive In any case this

was a feat worthy of Uncle Alexander to whom he always liked to compare himself Swimming calmly and

rambling on in one of his usual silent soliloquies he was brought back to more practical considerations by

Philippe who seemed to be paddling away with some difficulty bordering on panic

Maurice lightheartedly convinced his new friend that this was not a race ndash rather they had all the time in the

world to enjoy this wonderful night and he should therefore save his energy if he wanted to make it to the

other side Philippe asked ldquoDonrsquot you have any fearsrdquo Maurice answered between breaststrokes ldquoOf course

I dohellipJust like everyone elsehellipBut if I listened to all my fears I would never do anythingrdquo ldquoToo truerdquo

responded Philippe who was easily convinced by this line of thought

Having both conquered their fears their youthful enthusiasm and health triumphed and at three-thirty in the

morning they landed in Asia near the Beylerbeyi Palace which had been the last place of captivity of the de-

posed Sultan Abdulhamid II from 1912 until his death there in 1918 Unfortunately since 1973 this elegant

historical building has been dwarfed by the Bosphorus Bridge

The Beylerbeyi Sarayi (Beylerbeyi Palace) and the 1973 Bosphorus Bridge linking Europe to Asia

13

Punctual and dependable Ursula and Thomas were already on location walking up and down the embank-

ment genuinely concerned for these two foolhardy Frenchmen although they hardly knew them After all this

was the 1960s when trusting and caring for even complete strangers were highly fashionable sentiments But in

that balmy summer night of 1966 having anxiously feared for the worst Ursula and Thomas were greatly

relieved when the boys emerged from the black waters exhausted but ecstatic For anyone else this could be

considered to have been an insignificant event but for Maurice and Philippe it would remain one of those rare

defining moments in their lives It is the sum of such experiences not the accumulation of lsquostuffrsquo no matter

how splendid that lsquostuffrsquo might be which gives meaning if not purpose to our existence

The four new friends then followed the happy ending with jubilant celebrations in the overgrown gardens

surrounding the Beylerbeyi Palace As Maurice and Philippe dried up they sat all there surrounded by flat-

tened plastic bottles broken glass cigarette butts weeds and thorny bushes but for them on that particular

night this was the Garden of Eden They talked endlessly and drank too much cheap wine waiting for the sun

to arise from beyond the Far East The uninhibited impulse to reveal the secrets of our souls is one of the most

precious treasures of youth With age too many of us deteriorate into poor listeners and crushing mono-

logists Without even noticing it we become cynical guarded and judgmental with a dwindling ability to

enjoy the company of others How much more intoxicating it is to share dreams rather than memories Half a

century later Maurice often wonders ldquoWhere are they all now these ephemeral merry companions who ap-

peared and disappeared from my firmament like shooting starsrdquo

On the edge of a new continent which might as well have been a new planet Maurice and Philippe spent the

next couple of days retelling each other the saga of their swim across the Bosphorus Strait in constantly

evolving details every new version of their story slightly more embellished and heroic than the previous one

which in Philippersquos case truly was lsquopoetic licensersquo Eventually they continued their journey to the excava-

tion site of the Homeric city of Troy which had lain buried for 2500 years During this pilgrimage Philippe

took great pleasure in reading aloud relevant passages of The Iliad but he seemed profoundly fatigued and

felt that it was time for him to go home He farewelled Maurice with an open invitation to visit him in Stras-

bourg whenever he wished and they parted ways on the most amicable terms

Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3

3 In 1966 none of the high-rise buildings that appear in this photo existed and the two suspension bridges that cross the

Bosphorus had not yet been constructed either The Hagia Sophia appears in both photos

14

Freer than he would ever be again Maurice then ventured further and deeper into the Middle East which was a much safer and more welcoming region in those days Like so many adventurers poets and mystics before or since he willingly lost himself in that part of the world in order to lsquofind himselfrsquo Whether he did so or not is irrelevant - only the quest mattered The Middle East was an unparalleled feast for the senses The tumultuous multitudes the noise the music the fragrant foods the apparent vitality and even the still dormant hostility were all mesmerising charms he could not resist He dived into it and disappeared for the next several months as a submarine does beneath the waves much to his parentsrsquo chagrin To follow onersquos whims to live life to the fullest often demands a monstrous indifference to the suffering of those close to us He disappeared simply because one could easily do so in those blessed days before personal computers the internet mobile phones digital cameras and all that electronic gadgetry which has so impoverished our lives and withered our ability to exist in complete symbiosis with the world around us in complete anonymity if we so wish To paraphrase Milan Kundera lsquolife is now always elsewherersquo It is neither Dariusrsquo ghost nor the splendours of Persepolis nor the ruins of Babylon that Maurice remembers most from these peregrinations but a humble present he received from a gentle young woman in Isfahan in the heart of Iran when she farewelled him with three red roses she had carefully wrapped and placed in a small wooden box adorned with intricate Persian miniatures For the last fifty years this treasured gift with its three dried-up flowers has held pride and place in the successive homes he has temporarily occupied in his nomadic life In spite of the dark decades that followed in her turbulent country he often thinks about this young woman of Isfahan and hopes that life has been as kind to her as she was to him A few months later the Middle East exploded into a fire that has not been extinguished to this day4 ___________________________ 4 Ie the Six Day War of June 1967

A GOOD YEAR FOR MATHEMATICIANS In keeping with the article twelve months ago on British chemists born in 1766 this year we have three pro-minent mathematicians who were born in 1667 ndash two on the same day The first was a Frenchman Abraham de Moivre born into a Huguenot family on 26 May and educated at the Protestant Academy of Sedan until it was suppressed in 1682 He went on to study logic at Saumur and physics in Paris but the repression of his denomination by Louis XIV caused him to move to London in 1687 There he met Edmund Halley and Isaac Newton and he was admitted to the Royal Society in 1689 after writ-ing two papers that generalised the latterrsquos theorems Halley then encouraged him to study astronomy which led him to propose a prescient theory affecting elliptical orbits He proceeded to do further work in analytic geometry and wrote four books on probability followed by a fundamental theorem of what is now known as complex analysis (involving the lsquoimaginaryrsquo number i = radicminus1) It is said that he correctly calculated the date of his death on 27 November 1754 Also born on 26 May 1667 and of Huguenot descent was the Swiss mathematician Johann Bernoulli Educa-ted at Basel University with his older brother Jacob he became a professor at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands They both specialised in the new fields of calculus and differential equations which had important applications in physics Amazingly Johann developed a proof of de Moivrersquos proposal affecting elliptical orbits in 1710 amongst many other works The Bernoullis including a third brother were the first of three generations of prominent mathematicians and scientists Johann died in 1748 William Whiston was born in England on 09 December the son of a rector and studied at Cambridge He became a tutor there left to join the ministry and returned to become Sir Isaac Newtonrsquos understudy in 1701 He took the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics the next year when Newton retired but unlike his lsquocloset Unitarianrsquo predecessor he did not conceal his radical religious views Instead he gave lectures published books and even debated the doctrine of the Trinity with two archbishops after which he was expelled from Cambridge in 1710 He went on to a controversial career in both science and religion writing many books on both subjects Despite his unorthodoxy and never having been made a Member he often gave lectures to the Royal Society He co-authored a chart of the Solar System showing the paths of various comets and produced one of the first maps of the Earthrsquos magnetic field over southern England He died in 1752

15

(The Reformation That Failed contrsquod)

The final phase of the wars is known as lsquothe War of the Three Henrysrsquo because it involved King Henry III

Henry of Guise and Henry of Navarre It began when Prince Francis died in 1584 after spending four years

out of the country courting Queen Elizabeth I of England and taking part in William of Orangersquos revolt in the

Spanish Netherlands (present-day Holland and Belgium) As neither he nor Henry III had any children this

made their cousin Henry of Navarre the legal successor to the throne which the Catholic League could not

accept Under pressure from the Guises the king signed an edict in 1585 that suppressed Protestantism and

annulled Henry of Navarrersquos right to the succession in favour of Cardinal Charles de Bourbon

The Catholic League wanted total war against the Huguenots but the king who wanted a settlement insisted

that he had no funds for such a campaign When a Catholic uprising in Paris drove him from the city in 1588

Henry III concluded that the Guises meant to overthrow him His bodyguard assassinated Henry of Guise

and his brother Cardinal Louis de Guise at the Royal Chacircteau de Blois and the king joined forces with his

Protestant cousin However he in turn was assassinated by a Dominican monk in 1589 and Henry of Navarre

became King Henry IV of France

The Catholic League still controlled the north and east of the country but Henry attacked and defeated them in

two battles in Normandy He laid siege to Paris in 1590 until a Spanish army from the Netherlands forced him

back after which the two armies fought until the invaders withdrew at the end of 1592 Henry then realised that

he could never take Paris and rule the whole of France while he was a Protestant so he became a Catholic in

1593 and the Pope revoked his excommunication in exchange for the Churchrsquos supremacy in France

While Henry had committed to reserving all high positions to Catholics he wanted to assure the Huguenots

that he was not a puppet of Spain In 1595 he initiated the Franco-Spanish War in which he also sought to

subdue the few remnants of the Catholic League that refused to recognise his accession This led to another

invasion from the Spanish Netherlands which was stopped at Calais and driven back after which the Peace

of Vervins in 1598 deprived the French rebels of support from Spain Henry then pacified Brittany without

bloodshed and issued the Edict of Nantes which guaranteed the rights of Protestants and ended the wars

In 1599 Henryrsquos childless marriage was annulled and he married Marie dersquo Medici the next year She soon

gave birth to a son who became King Louis XIII when his father was assassinated by a fanatical Catholic in

1610 Marie became his regent until 1617 after which Louis used various means to erode the provisions of

the Edict of Nantes His son Louis XIV was even more hostile to the Huguenots and from 1661 he actively

pressured them to either convert or leave the country Finally his Edict of Fontainebleau in 1865 declared

Protestantism illegal and between 200000 and a million Huguenots emigrated

Some Protestants remained in the mountainous Ceacutevennes region in the southeast where they were largely left

alone In more settled areas many who claimed to have converted practiced their faith in secret suffering

severe penalties if they were detected Ironically religious freedom was restored by Louis XVI in his Edict of

Versailles of 1787 ndash two years before the Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

[This story has a number of interesting historical sidelines starting with the regent queens Catherine and

Marie dersquo Medici Both were scions of the ruling house of Florence which also produced three popes Leo X

who excommunicated Martin Luther Clement VII who granted King Henry VIII of Englandrsquos annulment

and Leo XI who was elected at 69 and died less than a month later

The short-lived King Francis II was married to Mary Stuart Queen of Scots whose mother was the sister of

Francis Duke of Guise She lived in France from the age of five until her husbandrsquos death after which she

returned to rule Scotland Her son James VI succeeded Queen Elizabeth I as King James I of England in

1603 (His great-grandmother Margaret Tudor was King Henry VIIIrsquos sister)

Henry III was the last ruler from the House of Valois whereas Henry IV founded the Bourbon Dynasty His

eldest daughter Elisabeth married King Philip IV of Spain while his youngest Henrietta Maria became the

wife of King Charles I of England Scotland and Ireland Louis XIII died when his elder son was four years

old giving Louis XIV the longest recorded reign (72 years) of any monarch of a sovereign European nation

Known as the lsquoSun Kingrsquo his time was a period of political centralisation economic advancement military

success and empire building in North America India and Africa]

16

MORE ICCU NEWS Just as we go to press the Chalice Lighting for December has arrived

Saat gelap kita terkungkung rasa takut maka nyalakanlah harapan dalam jiwa Saat gelap kita penuh kecurigaan dan prasangka buruk pada sesama maka nyalakanlah kasih dalam hati Saat gelap kita kehilangan sadar mana yang baik dan mana yang jahat maka nyalakanlah hikmat dalam nurani Saat gelap kita merasa bisa berbuat semau kita tanpa ingat Sang Maha Suci dan sesama maka nyalakanlah iman yang dipenuhi kebenaran Gelap ada saat kita abai menyalakan terang Gelap tak bisa diusir dengan marah dan geram sebab gelap akan sirna jika kita menyalakan terang Saat kita menyalakan lentera kita dalam ibadah ini Marilah tak hanya mengundang terang bagi mata jasmani tetapi selalu undang terang bagi mata rohani Yang akan memerdekakan hati serta membawa kebijaksanaan dan kebahagiaan sejati

When it is dark we are surrounded by fear so light hope in your soul When it is dark we are full of distrust and prejudice to the others so light love in your heart When it is dark we lose awareness of good and evil so light wisdom in your conscience When it is dark we feel that we can do whatever we want without remembering The Most Holy One and our neighbors so light faith that is fulfilled with truth Darkness exist when we forget to turn on the light Darkness cannot be expelled with our anger and wrath because darkness will be gone when we turn on the light When we light up our chalice in this worship Let us not only welcoming the light for our physical eyes but always invite the light for our spiritual eyes A light that will free our heart bringing wisdom and real happiness

Submitted by the Unitarian Christian Church of Indonesia Indonesian words (and presumably the English translation) written by its minister Rev Aryanto Nugroho Membership renewals for 2017 are due from 01 January so the best time to pay them will be at the

Christmas Party Those wishing to join our church can use this form by way of application but should

not send payment until their membership is accepted

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MEMBERSHIPRENEWAL FORM

I (name) ___________________________________________________ of (address) _________________________________________________ ________________________________ Postcode _________ Phone(s) (home) __________________ (other) ___________________ Email ______________________________________________________ I apply to joinrenew membership in (delete one) the Sydney Unitarian Church and agree to abide by the rules as set down by the Constitution and management of the church Signature ________________________________ Fee enclosed $_____ Cheques should be made payable to Treasurer Sydney Unitarian Church Membership will be valid for the calendar year 2016 Annual membership is $20 and includes the SUN journal subscription to the SUN only is $15

2

This lsquoArmed Peacersquo held until 1567 when the Huguenots became concerned that the Catholics were mobilis-ing this time with the support of Spain They attempted to capture Charles IX and his family at the Chacircteau de Montceaux near Paris ostensibly to protect them from an Italian plot but this was a failure A number of cities then declared themselves for the Protestant cause and a massacre of Catholics took place at Nicircmes in the south This led to the second phase of the wars and to the Battle of Saint-Denis near Paris in which 3500 Huguenot troops held off a force of 16000 Royalists before retreating to their eastern stronghold Another truce the Peace of Longjumeau was negotiated in 1568 but it lasted only a few months The third phase was a truly international affair but this time the Catholics started it Prince William of Orange brought an army of Dutch Protestants into France but it was under-resourced and the French government paid him to withdraw With financial help from England the Huguenots gathered a formidable army which includ-ed German mercenaries and the Catholics were reinforced by troops from Spain and Italy After some gains in the southwest the Prince of Condeacute was captured in the Battle of Jarmac in 1569 and subsequently killed The Catholic forces got the upper hand in two later battles but then the Huguenots launched a massive campaign up the Rhone Valley into the heart of the country Another truce the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was negoti-ated in 1570 which made concessions to the Protestants For a while it looked like the peace would hold ndash Charles IX treated the Huguenot leaders favourably to the point of marrying his sister Marguerite to the Protestant Prince Henry of Navarre (pictured at right) in 1572 However this only antagonised the Guise faction and they murdered the Huguenot military leader Admiral Gaspard de Coligny when he came to Paris for the wedding That precipitated the Saint Bartholomewrsquos Day Massacre on 24 August in which Catholic mobs killed an estimate 2000 Protestant civilians and a series of riots in a dozen other cities followed as the news spread The total death toll was at least 10000 Forces led by Henry Duke of Anjou (Charlesrsquo younger brother) then besieged three Huguenot cities only one of which was captured The fighting ceased in 1573 when Henry was elected King of Poland but the subse-quent Edict of Boulogne banned Protestant worship almost entirely In his absence the Huguenot leaders found Francis Duke of Alenccedilon (Charlesrsquo youngest brother) sympathetic to their cause In 1574 they attempted to free Henry of Navarre and the new Prince of Condeacute who had been held at the royal court since the formerrsquos wedding That failed but uprisings elsewhere were more successful precipitating another phase of the wars

Charles IX died in 1574 and his brother returned from Poland to become King Henry III Faced with a deteri-

orating situation in the south the defection of his brother Henry of Navarrersquos escape and an invasion from the Palatinate in Germany he was obliged to negotiate the Edict of Beaulieu in 1576 That gave the Hugue-

nots freedom of worship everywhere except in Paris and some of their leaders received land and titles Promising as this was Henry Duke of Guise and five dukes related to him formed the Catholic League in

fierce opposition to it Henry III capitulated to them and less equitable terms were enacted in 1577

(Continued on p 12)

SERVICE DIARY

Meetings every Sunday from 1030 ndash 1130 am

(followed by coffee tea and food)

These will be video presentations

[Please check the church website (wwwsydneyunitarianchurchorg) for updates The program for March will

be available from the beginning of February]

Date Presenter Topic

3rd December Peter Crawford Jonathon Swift

10th December Kelvin Auld Saving the Northern Beaches (Part 2)

17th December Peter Crawford Christmas in a Secular Age

NO SERVICES FOR SIX WEEKS

4th February Peter Crawford Perverse Reason Erewhon

11th February Michael Spicer Secrets of Kangaroo Island

18th February Peter Crawford The New Left

25th February Mike McPhee The Edict of Torda

3





































Sometimes A Moment



there is loss
























4


By Peter Crawford

















































5




























to the Emperor

















Japanese paradigm








6



















































7

JAPANESE LANDMARKS





Temple City Nara





8











Louie

















Louie




Or Brigitte Bardot

















crown


Louie



rsquocause Louie


















9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



3





































Sometimes A Moment



there is loss
























4


By Peter Crawford

















































5




























to the Emperor

















Japanese paradigm








6



















































7

JAPANESE LANDMARKS





Temple City Nara





8











Louie

















Louie




Or Brigitte Bardot

















crown


Louie



rsquocause Louie


















9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



4


By Peter Crawford

















































5




























to the Emperor

















Japanese paradigm








6



















































7

JAPANESE LANDMARKS





Temple City Nara





8











Louie

















Louie




Or Brigitte Bardot

















crown


Louie



rsquocause Louie


















9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



5




























to the Emperor

















Japanese paradigm








6



















































7

JAPANESE LANDMARKS





Temple City Nara





8











Louie

















Louie




Or Brigitte Bardot

















crown


Louie



rsquocause Louie


















9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



6



















































7

JAPANESE LANDMARKS





Temple City Nara





8











Louie

















Louie




Or Brigitte Bardot

















crown


Louie



rsquocause Louie


















9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



7

JAPANESE LANDMARKS





Temple City Nara





8











Louie

















Louie




Or Brigitte Bardot

















crown


Louie



rsquocause Louie


















9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



8











Louie

















Louie




Or Brigitte Bardot

















crown


Louie



rsquocause Louie


















9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



9




and wild and sweet

The words repeat




Had rolled along

The unbroken song




A voice a chime

A chant sublime




And with the sound

The carols drowned




And made forlorn

The households born





And mocks the song





The Right prevail














10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



10

ALEXANDER (Part 4)

By Patrick Bernard





11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



11








receptive audience
































12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



12







































13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



13



























Istanbul in 1966

Istanbul now 3



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



14



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



15


















































16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



16







----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



THE REFORMATION THAT FAILEDlaging magiging bahagi ng pag-inog ng mundo, sa ating pagkabuhay man o...

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