The Reformation Continues

Chapter 17 Section 4

Pg. 433

Who started the Reformation? Martin Luther What was Martin Luther upset about? The selling of indulgences What are indulgences? Free pass for sins Why did Henry VIII leave the church? Wanted a divorce (a son) What is a protestant? A Christian who doesn’t recognize the pope as the head of the

church

Calvin Begins another Protestant Church

John Calvin just 12 years old the year Martin Luther stood trial at Worms

Born in France, Calvin grew up to have as much influence as Martin did

1536 published book, Institutes of Christian Religion -Expressed ideas about God, salvation, human nature-Created a system of Protestant theology

John Calvin

Calvin thought people were sinful by nature and couldn’t earn Salvation

Believed in Predestination- God knows from the beginning of time who will be saved, those people are called the “elect”

Religion based on Calvin’s teachings called Calvinism

Calvinism

Believed ideal government was a theocracy (a government controlled by religious leaders)

Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland asked Calvin to lead their city- he did so with strict rules

Everyone attended religious class, couldn’t wear bright clothing or play cards

Authorities imprison or excommunicate anyone breaking rules

John Knox

People were burned at the stake, if preached differently

To many protestants, Geneva was an ideal city

John Knox, preacher from Scotland put the same ideas into Scottish towns after visiting Geneva

Calvinism Spreads

Protestant nobles, led by Knox succeeded in making Calvinism Scotland’s official religion

Followers of Knox became known as Presbyterians

Swiss, Dutch and French reformers adopted Calvinist form of church organization

Although many protestant churches trace roots to Calvin, they have softened Calvin’s strict teachings

http://pages.uoregon.edu/dluebke/Reformations441/EuropeanReligions1560.jpg

Huguenots

In France, Calvin's followers were called Huguenots

Hatred between Catholics and Huguenots led to violence

On one occasion, mobs of Catholics began hunting for Protestants and brutally murdered them after a Catholic feast known as St. Bartholomew’s Day

Other Reformers

Protestants taught that people should read the bible, as it was the source for truth

Christians start interpreting the bible for themselves=new Protestant groups form based on those beliefs

Anabaptists

Believed in baptizing only adults who choose to be Christian

Believed church and state should be separate

Refused to fight in wars Viewed by Catholics and Protestants as

radicals who threaten society The forerunners of the Amish and

Mennonites, influencing the quakers

Mostly live in

northeastern

part of US

Women of Reformation

Marguerite Navarre, sister of King Francis I, protected John Calvin for being executed while in France

Martin Luther’s wife, Katherina, managed family finances and argued with her husband about women’s equal role in marriage

The Catholic Reformation

While Protestant churches had many followers, millions were true to the Catholic church

Helping Catholics stay loyal was a movement within the church called the Catholic Reformation

Ignatius of Loyola

Grew up in fathers castle in Loyola, Spain Turning point in his life came while

recovering from an injury during war Thought about his sins and life of Jesus Wrote book called Spiritual Exercises,

laying out a day to day plan of prayer, study and meditation

For next 18 years, Ignatius gathered followers

1540, the pope made his followers a religious order called the Society of Jesus

Members were called Jesuits Concentrated on 3 activities:

1)found superb schools throughout Europe 2)convert non-Christians to Catholicism

3) stop Protestantism from spreading

Reforming Popes

2 popes took the lead in reforming the Catholic Church

Pope Paul III called a council of church leaders to meet in Trent, Italy

Known as Council of Trent

Pope Paul III

Council of Trent

Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines:

-church’s interpretation of the bible is final, anyone interpreting different was a heretic

-Christians need faith and good works for salvation- not just faith as Luther suggested

-Bible and church tradition equal authorities for guiding Christian life

-indulgences valid expressions of faith

Paul IV, another reforming pope carried out councils decrees

Made a list of books considered to be dangerous to Catholic faith- Index of Forbidden Books

Bishops ordered to burn them (along with Protestant Bibles)

In 1 day, 10,000 books burned in Venice

Pope Paul IV

Index of Forbidden Books

Legacy of the Reformation

Reformation had lasting effects:– Protestant churches flourish– Religion no longer unites Europe– Church power declines– Individual monarchs and states gain power– Help set the stage for the modern world

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xMWCEMBBVc&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL29BE9742B998319D “weather” Tudor Times

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qq2LNi6yRuQ Axe Factor http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=fbyBtiwAXX0&feature=related Tudor Diet Plan http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=j0Qv9uSNWCk&feature=related Tudor $ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QekjU1j1RB8 Tudor Football http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=t2hg27CVmoY&feature=autoplay&list=PL29BE9742B998319D&lf=results_main&playnext=2 Anne Boleyn

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=nVMj_bwQQ3Q Tudor Laws