Reformation Ideas Spread Section 13.4 pp. 428-433 Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Henry VIII of...
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Transcript of Reformation Ideas Spread Section 13.4 pp. 428-433 Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Henry VIII of...
Reformation Ideas Spread
Section 13.4pp. 428-433
Catherine of Aragon Anne BoleynHenry VIII of England
An Explosion of Protestant Sects
• Anabaptists – Protestant sect that rejected baptizing infants– Some were radical and violent– Some supported religious toleration and
separation of church and state
The English Reformation
• Henry VIII Wants an Annulment– Married Catherine of Aragon and
produced one child, Mary Tudor.
– Asked Pope Clement VII to annul his marriage• Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn and
produce a male heir• Pope stalled for 7 years and finally
denied annulment
Pope Clement VII
Holy Roman EmperorCharles VI
The English Reformation
• Breaking With the Church – Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534• Declared the king was the head of the Church in
England
– Thomas Cranmer appointed leader of the C.O.E. and granted Henry’s divorce
– Henry married Anne Boleyn and had another daughter, Elizabeth.
The English Reformation
• Strengthening the Church of England – Many Catholics who opposed the Act of
Supremacy were tried for treason and executed– The English government seized wealth and land
owned by Catholic churches and monasteries – Still, the Church of England resembled the Catholic
Church in its religious beliefs and practices
The English Reformation
• Religious Turmoil – After he died in 1547, Henry
was succeeded by his son Edward VI, a Protestant
– Protestant advisors to Edward take steps to make England more Protestant
– After Edward died, Mary Tudor, a Catholic became Queen. She executed many Protestants and became known as “Bloody Mary” Queen Mary I
The English Reformation
• The Elizabethan Settlement– Elizabeth, a moderate
Protestant, became Queen in 1558 after Mary’s death
– She made compromised between Catholicism and radical Protestants in the Church of England
– Under her reign, England was unified and powerful
Queen Elizabeth I
The Catholic Reformation
• The Council of Trent (1545) – Reaffirmed Catholic teachings• Salvation comes from faith and good works• The Bible isn’t the sole source of truth
– Took steps to end abuses in the Church• Stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption • Better educated clergy who could defend faith• Forbid sale of indulgences
The Catholic Reformation
• The Inquisition – Church court
established to investigate heresy
– Used secret testimony and torture
The Catholic Reformation
• Ignatius of Loyola– Founded Jesuit Order• Combated Heresy • Spread Catholic Faith • Disciplined, Well- Trained, and
Obedient
– Jesuits Fought the Reformation• Became Advisors to Monarchs• Created Religious Schools • Became Missionaries
Ignatius of Loyola