The Negative Side of Enlargement: Anti-Immigration Feelings and Right-Wing Politics.
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Transcript of The Negative Side of Enlargement: Anti-Immigration Feelings and Right-Wing Politics.
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The Negative Side of Enlargement:
Anti-Immigration Feelings and Right-Wing Politics
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The Enlargement Towards the East
• 2007: Bulgaria and Romania
• 2004: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia.
• 1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden
• 1980s: Greece, Portugal, Spain.
• 1973: Denmark, Ireland, U.K.
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European Union 2007
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The Emergence of Enlargement Fatigue: Some Empirical Facts
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Why the Negative attitude?
• The new members are at much lower levels of economic development
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GDP per capita in the new member states in PPP (2005)
EU Average (27) 22600
Bulgaria (BG) 7900
Czech Republic (CZ) 17300
Estonia (EE) 14000
Latvia (LV) 11400
Lithuania (LT) 12200
Hungary (HU) 14700
Poland (PL) 11700
Romania (RO) 8000
Slovenia (SI) 19200
Slovakia (SK) 13400
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Why the Negative attitude?
• Magnitude of enlargement: population growth from 380 million to 494 million.
• Different nature of the EU/EC:• Regional Development Fund• Freedom of movement across countries since
1992
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The European Regional Development Fund: Eligibility 1994-1999
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The European Regional Development Fund: Eligibility 2000-2006
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Italy’s Backlash against Romanians
• November 2007 a Romanian raped and killed an Italian woman
• Violence against the Rroma camps in the main cities
• It helped Berlusconi come back to power• Thousands of Romanians were rounded and
sent back.
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Enlargement and the Right-Wing Parties
• The negative aspects of the Enlargement are brought to the electorate by the new right wing parties.
• What do the right wing parties stand for? Anti- Immigration and anti EU Nationalism and xenophobia Traditional values of the society
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A list of right-wing parties in Western Europe
• Austria: Freedom Party• Belgium: National Front, Flemish Block• Denmark: Progress Party• France: National Front• Germany: German People’s Union• Italy: Lega Nord, Tricolor Flame• Netherlands: Pim Fortuyn List• Spain: National Alliance, National Union• UK: UK Independence Party
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Right-Wing Parties and Immigration
Front National: ‘At the origin of most of most of the problems of our country for the last thirty years there has been a menacing immigration policy that has been perpetuated by successive governments.’ EP elections: 2004: 10%; 1999: 5.7
UKIP: We will freeze immigration for five years, speed up deportation of up to a million illegal immigrants by tripling the numbers engaged in deportations, and have ‘no home no visa’ work permits to ease the housing crisis.’EP elections: 2009: 16%; 2004: 16%; 1999: 7%