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ENLARGEMENT DG

EU ENLARGEMENT

DG EnlargementInformation Unit

From Six to Fifteen and Beyond

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Treaty of Rome

25 March, 1957His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the President of the FederalRepublic of Germany, the President of the French Republic, the President of the Italian Republic, Her Royal Highness the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands,

resolved by pooling their resources to preserve and strengthen peace and liberty and calling upon the other peoples of Europe who share their ideal to join in their efforts,

have decided to create a European Community.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

From Six To Fifteen

1957

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ENLARGEMENT DG

From Six To Fifteen

1973

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ENLARGEMENT DG

From Six To Fifteen

1981

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ENLARGEMENT DG

From Six To Fifteen

1986

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ENLARGEMENT DG

From Six To Fifteen

1995

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ENLARGEMENT DG

From Six to Fifteen… and Beyond

2002

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Tomorrow's Europe

13 December 2002

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Treaty of the European Union (TEU)

Article 49 of the TEU: Any European State which respects the principles set out in Article 6(1) may apply to become a member of the Union.

Article 6 of the TEU: The Union is founded on the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law, principles which are common to the Member States.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Europe & Association Agreements

Country Europe Europe OfficialAgreement signed Agreement came application for

into force EU Membership

Bulgaria March 1993 February 1995 December 1995

Czech Rep. October 1993 February 1995 January 1996

Estonia June 1995 February 1998 November 1995

Hungary December 1991 February 1994 March 1994

Latvia June 1995 February 1998 October 1995

Lithuania June 1995 February 1998 December 1995

Poland December 1991 February 1994 April 1994

Romania February 1993 February 1995 June 1995

Slovakia October 1993 February 1995 June 1995

Slovenia June 1996 February 1999 June 1996

Country Association Association OfficialAgreement signed Agreement came application for

into force EU Membership

Turkey September 1963 December 1964 14 April 1987

Malta December 1970 April 1971 16 July 1990

Cyprus December 1972 June 1973 3 July 1990

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Copenhagen Criteria

• Political criteriaThe applicant country must have achieved stability of its institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities.

• Economic criteriaIt must have a functioning market economy, as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the EU.

• Criteria of the adoption of the acquisIt must have the ability to take on the obligations related to of membership, including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Opinions

• An assessment against the Copenhagen criteria: a detailed description and analysis of the political and economic situation in each applicant country.

• An evaluation of its capacity to adopt and implement the acquis (that is, the rights and obligations deriving from the EU treaties and laws) in all areas of the Union’s activity.

• An indication of possible problems in taking on the acquis.

• A recommendation concerning the opening of negotiations.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Recommendations of the Commission

Based on the following conclusions:

• None of the candidates fully satisfy all the criteria at the present time;

• Nine countries satisfy the political conditions;

• Certain countries have made sufficient progress towards satisfying the economic conditions;

• The Commission considers that Hungary, Poland, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Cyprus could be in a position to satisfy all the conditions of membership in the medium-term.

The Commission recommends the Council to open negotiations with these countries.

15 July 1997

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The New Europe: Architecture

Europe and AssociationAgreements

EEATreaty

CandidateCountries

EFTACountries

The European Union

4 liberties:Free

movement of

persons

goods

services

captial

Trade

Environment

Culture

Politicalconsultation

Futuremembership

Single Market

Single Currency

Political Union

Economic &Social Cohesion

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The New Europe: Integration

EU

EFTA

EU Applicants

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The New Europe: Security

Member of EUand NATO

Member of EUbut not NATO

NATO partnersnot in the EU

Future EU Memberalso in NATO

Future EU Member& partner of NATO

NATO Membersnot in the EU

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The New Europe: Schengen

Countries in the Schengen area, not EU Member States and not Candidate Countries

EU Member States not in the Schengen area

Candidate Countries

EU Member States in the Schengen area

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Luxembourg European Council

12-13 December 1997

1. European Conference (12 March 1998):

Subjects for discussion: fight against drugs and organised crime, CFSP issues, environmental protection, promoting competitive and regional cooperation

• 10 Central and Eastern European Candidates, • Cyprus • (and Turkey)

2. Opening of accession negotiations in six individual conferences on 31 March 1998

The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Cyprus

3. Strategy for Turkey: Full use of the 1963 Association Agreement, consolidation and deepening of the customs union, implementation of financial cooperation, approximation of laws and participation in certain community programmes and agencies. Regularly reviewed by the Association Council. Invitation to participate in the European Conference.

Launch of the Enlargement process

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The European Conference

• The only forum where the candidate countries can meet with Member States to discuss issues with a cross-border dimension such as justice and home affairs – notably crime and drugs – environment, regional cooperation and Common Foreign and Security Policy.

• Since the aim of the Conference is to provide the overarching framework for the enlargement process, it is necessary to reserve participation in the Conference for Member States and candidate countries only.

• First meeting: London, 12 March 1998

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Berlin European Council

The Presidency Conclusions declared that:

In light of the outcome on Agenda 2000, the European Council wishes to send a message of reassurance to the countries negotiating for accession. Enlargement remains an historic priority for the European Union. The accession negotiations will continue each in accordance with its own rhythm and as rapidly as possible. It calls upon the Council and the Commission to ensure that the pace of the negotiations is maintained accordingly.

24-25 March 1999

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Main elements of Agenda 2000

In a single framework, the Commission outlines:

• The broad perspectives for the development of the European Union and its policies beyond the turn of the century(e.g. CAP and regional policies);

• The impact of enlargement on the Union as a whole;

• The future financial framework beyond 2000, taking account of the prospect of an enlarged Union.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Reinforced Pre-accession Strategy

• Accession Partnership

• Increase pre-accession aid (2000-2006):

- Phare (€ 1.500 million per year);

- Structural Funds (ISPA) (€ 1.000 million per year);

- Agricultural support (SAPARD) (€ 500 million per year).

• Opening of Community programmes and agencies for the applicant countries.

• Review mechanism

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession Partnerships

• Provides an assessment of the priority areas in which the candidate country needs to make progress in order to prepare for accession;

• Outlines the ways in which the Phare Programme will support such accession preparations;

• Mobilises all forms of EU support within a single framework for each country;

• Contains precise commitments on the part of the candidate countries relating in particular to democracy, macroeconomic stabilisation, industrial restructuring, nuclear safety and the adoption of the acquis.

• Is complemented by National Programmes for the Adoption of the Acquis (NPAA).

An Accession Partnership has been drawn up for each candidate country. This:

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Berlin European Council

• Expenditure for the three pre-accession instruments(Phare, the structural instrument and the agricultural instrument).

• The annual ceiling for the three sub-headings should remain at a constant level throughout the period and should not exceed:

24-25 March 1999

Pre-accession instruments (€ million 1999 prices)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006

Pre-accession instruments 3,120 3,120 3,120 3,120 3,120 3,120

Phare 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560

Structural 1,040 1,040 1,040 1,040 1,040 1,040

Agricultural 520 520 520 520 520 520

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Helsinki European Council

The European Council, meeting in Helsinki, decided in particular to:

1. Launch official negotiations in February 2000 with Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Romania and Slovakia;

2. Consider each applicant on its own merits during the negotiations. This principle will apply both to the opening and the conduct of negotiations;

3. Allow applicant countries that have just started the negotiating process to catch up with the countries already in negotiations within a reasonable time, provided they have made sufficient progress with their preparations;

4. Ensure that progress in negotiations goes hand in hand with progress in incorporating the acquis into legislation and implementing it in practice.

Impact on accession10-11 December 1999

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Nice European Council

The European Council, meeting in Nice, focused on:

• Fresh impetus to the process;

• Institutional Reform for a Europe with 27 or more members;

• Concluding of a roadmap as main tool for enlargement;

• Maintaining principle of differentiation;

• Welcoming progress in implementing pre-accession strategy for Turkey.

7-9 December 2000

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Gothenburg European Council

• The enlargement process is irreversible;

• The roadmap is the framework for the successful completion of the enlargement negotiations;

• Completing negotiations by the end of 2002 for those candidate countries that are ready should be possible. The objective is that they should participate in the European Parliament elections of 2004 as members;

• Good progress has been made in implementing the pre-accession strategy for Turkey, including an enhanced political dialogue. However, in a number of areas such as human rights, further progress is needed.

15-16 June 2001

The European Council, meeting in Gothenburg, reached the following conclusion, confirming the breakthroughs in the negotiations on enlargement:

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ENLARGEMENT DG

“The historic process launched in Copenhagen in 1993 to overcome the divisions throughout our continent is about to bear fruit ….

… the biggest ever enlargement of the Union is now within reach”.

Brussels European Council

24-25 October 2002

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Copenhagen European Council

“For the first time in history Europe will become one because unification is the free will of its people.

… The deal that we have reached here in Copenhagen represents EU at its best: leadership, solidarity and determination”.

R. Prodi

12-13 December 2002

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Launch

• The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Cyprus (first group of countries, formerly known as ‘Luxembourg Group’): 31 March 1998.

• Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Romania and the Slovak Republic (second group of countries, formerly known as ‘Helsinki Group’): 15 February 2000.

• Turkey: The Helsinki European Council (December 1999) confirmed that Turkey is a candidate destined to join the Union on the basis of the same criteria as those applied to the other candidate countries.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Regular Reports

• Regular reports are adopted by the European Commission on progress by the candidate countries in meeting the EU’s membership criteria.

• Regular reports are produced on a yearly basis since 1998.

• Regular reports follow the same methodology as the Opinions.

• Regular reports use the same objective criteria as used in 1997 (the Copenhagen criteria).

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Screening

• A multilateral exercise: the commission identifies and explains to all candidates the acquis applicable at the date of opening the negotiations with the candidates.

• A bilateral exercise: the commission assesses the state of implementation of the acquis by each candidate country and identifies gaps to be filled.

• A basis for the negotiation: the Commission establishes a "screening report" on each chapter and for each country, which will serve as a basis to launch the actual, technical negotiation process.

• An ongoing mechanism: it is used now to identify and explain elements of NEW legislation, that also need to be adopted by the candidates before they join.

Screening = analytical examination of the Union's acquis, which precedes the negotiations

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Chapters

1. Free movement of goods

2. Freedom of movement for persons

3. Freedom to provide services

4. Free movement of capital

5. Company law

6. Competition policy

7. Agriculture

8. Fisheries

9. Transport policy

10. Taxation

11. Economic and monetary union

12. Statistics

13. Social policy and employment

14. Energy

15. Industrial policy

16. Small and medium-sized

enterprises

17. Science and research

18. Education and training

19. Telecommunications and IT

20. Culture and audiovisual policy

21. Regional policy and structural instruments

22. Environment

23. Consumers and health protection

24. Justice and home affairs

25. Customs union

26. External relations

27. Common foreign and security policy

28. Financial control

29. Financial and budgetary provisions

30. Institutions

31. Other

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Chapters

Luxembourg group (first group of candidate countries)

• Between March 1998 and December 1999: twenty-three out of thirty-one chapters were opened with eight to eleven chapters provisionally closed (depending on the country).

• End 1999: chapters closed for all six countries: statistics, Economic and Monetary Union, industrial policy, small and medium-sized enterprises, science and research, consumers and health protection, education and training, telecommunication and IT.

• Spring 2000: further chapters opened: agriculture, regional policy, freedom of movement of persons, justice and home affairs, financial control, and financial and budgetary provisions.

• Mid 2000: final chapter opened – agriculture – (remaining questions) with a view to reaching a preliminary overview by the end of 2000 on the situation for these six countries (including problematic areas and transitional periods requested).

• June 2001: all chapters opened for negotiations: transitional arrangements concerning the free movement of persons for Hungary.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Chapters

Helsinki group (second group of candidate countries)

• Joined the negotiations in February 2000.

• 28 March 2000: EU opened an initial list of negotiating chapters, with a common core of five chapters for all countries: small and medium-sized enterprises, science and research, education and training, external relations, and common foreign and security policy – and with one, two or three more for some countries.

• The number and nature of the chapters differed according to each country’s level of preparedness: measured by the applicant country’s progress in meeting the Copenhagen criteria, including transposition of the acquis and establishment of administrative bodies necessary to apply the acquis.

• 25 May 2000: EU provisionally closed some of these first chapters with each of these countries.

• Negotiations continue, with further chapters to be opened on the basis of differentiation and preparedness.

• June 2001: all chapters opened for Slovakia, Latvia and Lithuania.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Procedure

• Submission of negotiating positions by candidate country, chapter by chapter, following screening.

• The Commission (DG Enlargement in consultation with relevant "sectoral" DGs) prepares a draft common position (for each chapter), and submits it to the Council (meeting as an intergovernmental conference).

• The Council unanimously adopts a common position and unanimously decides to open the negotiations on the chapter.

• Common positions may be altered in the course of negotiations if the applicants submit fresh information or agree to withdraw a request for a transitional period.

• Chapter provisionally closed following unanimous decision by the intergovernmental conference. Chapters definitively closed only when all negotiations with the candidate country are concluded.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Roadmap

• First half of 2001: opening of first chapters: internal market related matters, social matters and environment.

• Second half of 2001: provisional closure for chapters needing a longer preparation period in the second semester: competition, transport, energy, taxation, customs union, agriculture, justice and home affairs, financial control, Schengen.

• First half of 2002: provisional closure of remaining chapters and agreement on transitional measures: agriculture (remaining questions), regional policy and structural instruments, financial and budgetary provisions, institutions, other matters.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession negotiations: Monitoring

• All chapters opened and those provisionally closed will have an up-date screening to incorporate new acquis adopted since 1999.

• The up-date screening will also allow the Commission to verify whether the applicants have fulfilled the commitments entered into during the negotiations (so-called monitoring exercise).

• Negotiation chapters that have been provisionally closed may be reopened if an applicant has not fulfilled its commitments.

• This procedure is to be triggered only in exceptional cases, i.e. when there is a significant gap between the commitments and the actual progress being made by the applicant country in transposing and applying the relevant acquis.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Towards an Enlarged Europe

9 October 2002 - Regular Reports:

• The Commission recommends conclusion of negotiations with ten candidate countries: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia.

• These countries will be ready for membership at the beginning of 2004.

• 2007: indicative date for accession chosen by Bulgaria and Romania.

• Strengthening support for Turkey’s pre-accession preparations.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Future Member States

Next steps for the candidate countries:

• Preparations for membership will continue and be monitored by the Commission.

• Special effort required in the following sectors: customs, agriculture, regional policy, financial control.

• A monitoring report will be issued by the Commission 6 months before envisaged date of accession.

• Spring 2003: signing of the Accession Treaty.

• A specific safeguard clause shoud be introduced in the Accession Treaty to allow the Commission to take measures in case of problems.

• 380 million euros Institution Building Facility to support judicial reform and administrative improvements in the new Member States.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Ensuring a smooth transition

Regular monitoring

Commission to report 6 months before accession on:

• Further progress as to adoption, implementation, enforcement of the acquis,

• In line with the Countries’ commitments.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Safeguard clauses

Safeguards may be invoked at any time:

• General economic clause (2 years) – any Member State

• Specific safeguard clauses: "Operation of internal market, including all sectoral policies which concern economic activities with a cross-border effect, and the area of justice and home affairs" - only new Member States, re. commitments undertaken in negotiations, re. acquis in criminal law as well as civil law.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey

Next steps for Bulgaria and Romania:• 2007: target date to conclude negotiations.

• Detailed roadmaps to complete preparations.

• Judicial and administrative reform.

Next steps for Turkey:• to fully meet the political criterion.

• Enhanced support from the EU

• Increased financial assistance from 2004.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

After Copenhagen…

2002

December 12th, 13th - Copenhagen European Council

2003

Enhanced pre-accession assistance for Romania and Bulgaria.

9th April - European Parliament assent

16th April - Signature of the Treaty in Athens with Laeken 10

Ratification - Parliamentary / referenda

1st May 2004

EU has 25 members

End of 2004 - Commission report and recommendation on Turkey's progress

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Conclusions of the Copenhagen European Council

The Overall Financial Agreement:• €41 billion in commitments agreed for 2004-2006;• New Member States will benefit from the EU funds for the

whole of 2004;• Reduction by one-third of new Member States' contributions to

EC budget in 2004.

Structural actions:• €22 billion agreed for 2004-2006, of which one third for the

Cohesion Fund and two thirds for structural Funds.

Agriculture:• Progressive introduction of direct payment to new Member

States farmers;• €5 billion for rural development in 2004-2006.

Financial issues (1)

12-13 December 2002

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Financial issues (2)

Conclusions of the Copenhagen European Council

Internal policies:• €2.6 billion extra funds available to new Member States to

participate in the EC internal policies programmes;• Creation of a new Schengen facility (€850 million);• €380 million for a transitional facility to support institution

building in new Member States;• €105 million to support nuclear safety in Lithuania and Slovakia.

Lump-sum payment to new Member States:• €2.4 billion as cash-flow lump sum, to prevent cash-flow

difficulties in the first years of accession;• Budgetary compensation payments available to ensure no new

Member States would be worse off on accession compared to 2003 (Czech Republic, Slovenia, Malta and Cyprus).

12-13 December 2002

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Accession: Financial Framework

Maximum enlargement-related appropriations for commitments (Million €) for 10 new Member States

2004 2005 2006

Agriculture 1 897 3 747 4 147

Structural actions after capping 6 095 6 940 8 812

Internal policies and additional transitional expenditure

1 421 1 376 1 351

Administration 503 558 612

Total maximum commitment appropriations

9 952 12 657 14 958

Total commitment appropriation (Berlin 1999 scenario)

11 610 14 200 16 780

Payment appropriations (Enlargement) 5 696 10 493 11 840

Payment appropriations (Berlin 1999 scenario)

8 890 11 440 14 220

Financial framework for Enlargement 2004-2006:

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Phare Programme

• Main pre-accession instrument to assist the 10 applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe in their preparation for joining the European Union.

• Set up in 1989 to support economic and political transition, Phare had by 1996 extended to include 13 partner countries from the region.

• Originally allocated € 4.2 billion for 1990-1994, the Phare budget was increased to € 6.693 billion for 1995-1999.

• Agenda 2000: Annual Phare budget is € 1.62 billion for 2000-2006, i.e. some € 11 billion.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Phare Programme

• At the Essen European Council of December 1994, Phare has become the financial instrument for the ten associated CEECs, supporting them in their preparation for accession to the EU.

• Cyprus, Malta, Turkey have their own pre-accession funding.

• NOTICE: for the Western Balkan states, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Phare provided support in their transition to democracy and a market economy. As of 2001, CARDS is the assistance programme for the Western Balkans, including the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Croatia.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Phare and Accession Partnership

Accession-Led Programming

• Phare shifted in 1997 from 'demand-driven' to 'accession-driven', concentrating on the priority needs of the 10 candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe, in light of the accession criteria.

• Accession Partnerships, accompanied by a National Programme for the Adoption of the Acquis Communautaires (NPAA), Regular Reports and the results of accession negotiations together identify priority areas for support in each country.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Phare Programme

Priorities for Action

• Institution buildingThe candidate countries will be helped to strengthen their democratic institutions and their public administration in order to facilitate their introduction of the acquis and to ensure that they have the administrative and judicial structures to apply the acquis effectively (30% of the budget).

• Financing of investmentPhare co-finances investment in (i) the regulatory infrastructure needed to ensure compliance with the acquis and (ii) in economic and social cohesion through measures similar to those supported in Member States through EU structural funds (70% of the budget).

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Phare Programme

Institution Building: Twinning

• Twinning involves the secondment of Member State officials who will be known as Pre-Accession Advisors for a minimum of one year.

• In addition, Twinning can involve Member States' officials on short term missions, training and other relevant elements. All of these are combined in a twinning package.

• Twinning will not only provide technical and administrative assistance to the candidate countries but also help to build long-term relationships between existing and future Member States.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Institution Building: Twinning

Twinning focused initially, in 1998-1999, on four key areas of the acquis in each candidate country:

• Agriculture;

• Environment;

• Finance;

• Justice and home affairs.

Now Twinning covers the whole of the acquis, e.g.: preparation to EU fundings, public finance, human resources development, etc.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Institution Building: Twinning

• A network of National Contact Points has been established to work with the Commission in the twinning process.

• Each Member State and each candidate country has appointed a representative to liaise with their own administration and to ensure the flow of information through the network.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

Institution Building: Twinning

Twinning projects will operate on the basis of two documents:

• A framework agreement between the Commission and each Member State which defines the terms and conditions under which Member States will make pre-accession advisors available to the candidate countries;

• A twinning covenant between the candidate country and the Member State which defines the result to be delivered by the project, the responsibilities of each party, the means to be used to achieve the agreed result and a detailed budget.

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ENLARGEMENT DGThe Phare Programme:Investment Support (I)

Investment in Regulatory Infrastructure

• Support for investment to equip key institutions whose capacity to monitor and enforce the acquis needs to be strengthened.

• For example, putting the food safety structure in place, making borders secure, providing testing and measuring equipment for laboratories or control equipment in the field of consumer protection.

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ENLARGEMENT DGThe Phare Programme:Investment Support (II)

Investment in Economic and Social Cohesion

• In 2000 Phare has started to support measures similar to those co-financed from the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund:

• Human resource development;

• SME development;

• Business-Related Infrastructure.

• Programming according to National Development Plans.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

The Phare Programme

Programme Types

• National Programmes: 80% of the budget, tailor-made for a specific candidate country.

• Cross-Border Co-operation Programmes: 10% of the budget, aimed at stimulating the cooperation between countries and regions along the borders between Member States and candidate countries and between candidate countries.

• Multi-Beneficiary Programmes: 10% of the budget, if joint structure or regional cooperation is indispensable.

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ENLARGEMENT DGEuropean Union: the biggestinvestor in candidate countries

• Strategic investors originating in the Member States of the European Union play a major role in upgrading the CEEC economies, accounting for at least 67% in 1999 of the total foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows.

• In 1999, the major part of FDI, in percentage, went to Estonia, Slovenia and Poland.

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ENLARGEMENT DG

European Union: the biggest tradingpartner with candidate countries in 2001

24203384

24592959

37703023

7852

1221510249

2363527335

20032

35444

19542612

1155

92533903005

8117

6918

9282

24117

24958

20098

26468

4667731304

3801670

19-264

5297

967

-481

2376

-67

8976

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Poland Turkey Czech. Rep. Hungary Romania Slovenia Slovakia Estonia Bulgaria Cyprus Malta Lithuania Latvia

Export

Import

Balance

EU 15 Trade with candidate countries in 2001 (million €)

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ENLARGEMENT DG

EU 15 Exports towards candidatecountries in 2001 (per country)

EU 15 Exports towards candidate countries(Share by Country) in 2001

Cyprus2%

Bulgaria3%

Estonia2%

Slovakia5%

Malta2%

Lithuania2%

Slovenia6%

Romania7%

Hungary16%

Czech Republic17%

Turkey13%

Poland23%

Latvia2%

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ENLARGEMENT DG

EU 15 Exports towards candidatecountries in 2001 (per sector)

EU 15 Exports towards candidate countries(Share by Sector) in 2001

Mineral products2%

Paper, pulp3%

Agriculture, incl. Processed

4%

Optical, musical inst., clocks

3%

Other sectors11%

Plastic products6%

Base metals & articles8%

Chemical products10%

Textile8%

Transport equipment13%

Machinery & electrical32%

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ENLARGEMENT DG

EU 15 Imports from candidatecountries in 2001 (per country)

EU 15 Imports from candidate countries(Share by Country) in 2001

Estonia2,3%

Slovenia4,9%

Slovakia6,1%

Romania7,0%

Turkey15,2%

Czech Republic18,8%

Poland20,0%

Cyprus0,7%

Malta0,9%

Hungary18,2%

Bulgaria2,6%

Lituania2,0%

Latvia1,5%

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ENLARGEMENT DG

EU 15 Imports from candidatecountries in 2001 (per sector)

EU 15 Imports from candidate countries(Share by Sector) in 2001

Transport equipement

13%

Base metals & articles10%

Agriculture incl. Processed

5%

Miscellaneous manufactures

5%

Plastic products4%

Mineral products4%

Wood3%

Chemical products

3%

Other sectors9%

Textile16%

Machinery & electrical

28%

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ENLARGEMENT DGCandidate countries GDPin 1999 & 2000

Source: Eurostat PPP: Purchase Power Parity

GDP at PPP

GDP in €(bn) 1999

GDP in €(bn) 2000

GDP/Pers in PPS € 1999

GDP/Pers2000

% EUAverage 1999

% EUAverage 2000

Bulgaria 40.6 44.3 4 900 5 400 24 24

Cyprus 11.6 12.4 17 500 18 500 82 82

Czech Rep 127.2 135.1 12 400 13 200 58 58

Estonia 11.0 12.1 7 700 8 400 36 37

Hungary 108.0 117.0 10 700 11 700 51 52

Latvia 14.2 15.6 5 900 6 600 28 29

Lithuania 22.8 24.3 6 200 6 600 29 29

Malta 4.3 4.6 11 100 11 900 52 53

Poland 317.4 340.2 8 200 8 800 39 39

Romania 129.4 135.4 5 800 6 000 27 27

Slovak Rep 55.4 58.3 10 300 10 800 48 48

Slovenia 29.7 32.1 15 000 16 100 71 72

Turkey 392.6 433.3 6 100 6 400 29 29

CC-13 1 284.3 1 364.6 7 400 7 900 35 35

EU-15 8 003.8 8 510.2 21 200 22 500 100 100

In % EUEU average

15.8% 16% 35% 35%

67

ENLARGEMENT DGCommunication Strategyfor Enlargement: Objectives

Adopted by the Commission in May 2000, the objectives of the Communication Strategy are:

• In Member States• Communicating the reasons for enlargement;• Promoting dialogue and debate in society;• Information about candidate countries.

• In Candidate Countries• Improving of public knowledge and understanding;• Explaining of implications of accession;• Explaining of preparation for membership.

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ENLARGEMENT DGCommunication Strategyfor Enlargement: Implementation

• Decentralised approach:

• Through the Representations of the Commission and the Parliament in Member States;

• Through the Delegations in candidate countries.

• Priorities to inform multipliers in:

• Political institutions (EP and other European Institutions, governments, parliaments and regional assemblies);

• Business & Industry (business leaders, trade unions, professional associations);

• Civil Society (NGOs, religious and intellectual bodies, universities, teachers in secondary and higher education).

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ENLARGEMENT DGCommunication Strategyfor Enlargement: Budget

Budget per country and for the Central Services (in € million)

*: Member States**: Central services

Country 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total

CEECs:Turkey:Malta:Cyprus:Sub-total:

4.50.5--5.0

8.50.60.20.29.50

8.90.70.20.210.0

9.810.30.411.50

9.310.30.411.0

5.310.30.47.0

3.7510.20.25.15

50.055.81.51.859.15

MS*: 0.5 5.4 9.75 13.0 13.5 9.75 6.0 57.9

CS**: 2.5 3.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 29.7

TOTAL 8 18.6 24.45 29.20 29.20 21.45 15.85 146.75

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ENLARGEMENT DG

• The Enlargement Address Book:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/pas/phare/abook.htm

• Delegations of the European Commission in the Candidate Countries:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/links/index.htm

• Enlargement Information Centre:

Rue Montoyer, 19, B-1000 Brussels

Tel: +32 (0)2 545 90 10

Fax: +32 (0)2 545 90 11

E-mail: enlargement@cec.eu.int

How to obtain information?

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ENLARGEMENT DG

What information is available?

The Enlargement website:- The Enlargement Weekly: http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/docs/newsletter/latest_weekly.htm

- The Enlargement Research Bulletin:http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/docs/research/current_issue.htm

Subscribe via Mailing list: http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/formmailing.htm

- Key documents: Strategy Paper Regular Reports «An Historic opportunity » The Basic Arguments Frequently Asked Questions State-of-Play Press Releases Speeches, etc.

72

ENLARGEMENT DG

Addresses

• Internet: http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/

• DG Enlargement:• 200 rue de la Loi, B-1049 Brussels• Tel: +32(0)2 299 51 76• Fax: +32(0)2 299 17 77

• Enlargement Information Centre:• Rue Montoyer, 19, B-1000 Brussels• Tel: +32(0)2 545 90 10• Fax: +32(0)2 545 90 11• E-mail: enlargement@cec.eu.int