The Muscular System

Week 6 Seminar

Presented by

Dr. Carlene Graham

SKELETAL MUSCLE GROUPS

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Muscles of the Head and Neck

Provide facial expressions• Raising the eyebrows

• Closing an eye

• Puckering the lips

Assisting with chewing movement

Flex, extend, and rotate head and shoulders

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Facial MusclesSee page 169

Muscle groups upper bodyAnterior

Pectoralis major

Deltoid

Bicep brachii

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Muscle groups upper bodyPosterior

Latissimus brachii

Triceps brachii

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Muscles of the trunk

External oblique Rectus abdominis Internal oblique Serratus Transverse abdominis

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Muscles of the lower extremitiesAnterior Posterior Vastus lateralis Fibularus longus & brevis Vastus medialis Pectineus Rectus femoris Tibialis anterior Lliopsoas Adductor longus Sartorius

Gluteus maximus Semimembranosus Gracillis Semitendinous Adductor magnus Gastrocnemius Bicep femoris Soleus

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Muscle Names - Size

Vastus — means huge (vast) Maximus – means large

(maximum) Minimus – means small (minimum

Can you name any muscle group with these names?

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Vastus,Maximus & Minimus

The Vastus lateralis is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. (page 166)

Gluteus maximus larges tof the gluteal muscles

The gluteus minimus, the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius.

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VASTUS MUSCLES

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Muscle Names – Shape

Deltoid – means Triangular (see page 167, shoulder muscle)

Latissimus – means wide (see page 167)

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Muscle Name–Direction of fibers

Rectus – means straight (rectus abdominis, “6-pack” in the abdomen – page 166).

Transverse – means across – (sternocleidomastoid – page 169)

Oblique – means diagonal (external abdominal oblique, page 167).

Circularis – means circular (orbicularis occuli and orbicularis oris, page 169).

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Muscle name - Location

Pectoralis – means chestPectoralis major

Gluteus – means buttockGluteus maximus

Brachii – means armBiceps brachii & Triceps brachii

See pages 166 & 167

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Muscle name – Number of origin

Biceps (bi means 2) anchored to 2 sites.

Tricep (tri means 3) anchored to 3 sites.

Quadriceps (quad means 4) anchored to 4 sites

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Muscle name - Action

Abductor – moves away from the midline

The abductor pollicis

brevis is a muscle in

the hand that functions

as an abductor of

the thumb.

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Muscle name - Action

Adductor – moves toward midline

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Muscle name - Action

Flexor –means muscle

flexes a limb.

Example:

Opening and closing

the fist.

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Muscle name - Action

Extensor –means muscle extends a limb.

Example: Extending your arms over your head.

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Muscle name - Action

Elevator – means muscle lifts a limb.

For example:The Mandibular elevator muscle of the jaw that facilitates chewing.

ACTIVITY: Pinch your upper lip (just below your nose) and pull upward.

That was another elevator muscle!

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FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

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MOVEMENT

Skeletal movement is produced by muscular contraction and is voluntary, involving:

The prime mover that is responsible for producing a particular movement.

In synergy (combination with) with the prime mover to produce movement.

As an antagonist working in opposition with the prime mover and synergist.

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POSTURE/MUSCLE TONE

It is normal for the muscles to retain a partial state of contraction.

This enables the body part to remain in the position that favors proper function.

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Maintenance of body Temperature

Most of the heat necessary to maintain the body temperature comes from the heat produced when the muscle fiber contracts.

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