The IPPC and Risk Analysis

Ana Maria Peralta

IPPC Senior Capacity Development Officer

WTO-SPS Thematic Workshop on Risk Analysis

2014

ISPM No.1. PHYTOSANITARY PRINCIPLES FOR THE PROTECTION OF PLANTS AND THE APPLICATION OF PHYTOSANITARY

MEASURES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE (2006)

Basic principle 1. 8 Technical justification. Contracting parties shall technically justify phytosanitary measures “on the basis of conclusions reached by using an appropriate pest risk analysis or, where applicable, another comparable examination and evaluation of available scientific information.” (IPPC Article II.1) Operational principle 2.1 Pest risk analysis. NPPOs should, when performing pest risk analysis, base it on biological or other scientific and economic evidence, following the relevant ISPMs. In doing this, threats to biodiversity resulting from effects on plants should also be taken into account. Relevant Articles in the IPPC: Preamble, Articles II, IV.2(f) and VII.2(g). Relevant ISPMs: ISPM 2, ISPM 5 (including Supplement No 2), ISPM 11 and ISPM 21. PRA involved in other key principles as: setting emergency measures, modifying current phytosanitary measures, avoidance of undue delays and provision of information for performing PRA.

Final message in 2011 The system is robust, involves all contracting

parties and stakeholders, is based on science

and striving for continual improvement, the

weakness are linked to the strengths and the key

issue is to get adequate balance .

The system is different from the ones implemented

by the other ISSBs by the nature of the

organizations, the availability of resources and

the scope (2/3 of the agricultural trade and a

substantive number of different commodities

and pests)

KEY IPPC STANDARDS INVOLVED WITH PRA

ISPM No. 2. FRAMEWORK FOR PEST RISK ANALYSIS (2007) Provides a framework that describes the pest risk analysis (PRA) process within the scope

of the IPPC. It introduces the three stages of pest risk analysis – initiation, pest risk assessment and pest risk management.

All IPPC adopted standards available at: https://www.ippc.int/core-activities/standards-setting/ispms

KEY IPPC STANDARDS INVOLVED WITH PRA

EVOLUTION OF ISPM No. 11. PEST RISK ANALYSIS FOR

QUARANTINE PESTS (2013) 1) 2001-04 ICPM-3 adopted standard

ISPM 11. 2001. Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests. Rome, IPPC, FAO.

2) 2003-04 ICPM-5 adopted Supplement 1(S1): Analysis of environmental risks (with Annex 1) to ISPM 11 and revised the title

ISPM 11. 2003. Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks. Rome, IPPC, FAO.

3) 2004-04 ICPM-6 adopted Supplement 2 (S2): Pest risk analysis for living modified organisms (with Annexes 2, 3) to ISPM 11

ISPM 11. 2004. Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms. Rome, IPPC, FAO.

4) 2013-04 CPM-8 adopted Annex 4: Pest risk analysis for plants as quarantine pests and consequential changes to core text

ISPM 11. 2013. Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests. Rome, IPPC, FAO.

KEY IPPC STANDARDS INVOLVED WITH PRA

ISPM No. 21. PEST RISK ANALYSIS FOR REGULATED NON-QUARANTINE PESTS (2004)

Provides guidelines for conducting pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests. It describes the integrated processes to be used for risk assessment and the selection of risk management options to achieve a pest tolerance level.

Many other standards related to establishing phytosanitary measures as a result of PRA

And then what???

- Standards gaps analysis : Framework for standards focus group.

- Implementation Review and Support System of the IPPC : General survey of the IPPC and its standards.

- Capacity Development Committee : collection of information, prioritization and works.

IRSS results

- 24 % reported low PRA implementation

- 43% reported full implementation.

- Reasons: inadequate quarantine facilities, inadequate

funding given that this is a particularly high-cost activity, a lack of cooperation from other contracting parties who fail to provide required information necessary to process a PRA, and a lack of well-trained specialists.

CDC results

- Lack of managerial and/or political will to support the development of PRA areas in the NPPOs.

- PRA as a challenge to discretional decisions.

- Negative perception on the complexity and level of resources needed.

- Lack of awareness of its importance and obligations assumed by countries.

• Information platform for technical resources (e.g. PRA

materials) to support implementation of the IPPC and ISPMs

• The published resources are not endorsed/adopted/agreed by the CPM unless otherwise indicated

http://www.phytosanitary.info

Phytosanitary Resources page

PRA Training materials

•IPPC PRA Training Course

•IPPC E-learning Course on PRA

•Risk analysis reports on specific pests (Drosophila suzukii,

Halyomorpha halys, Dickeya solani )

•Import risk analysis reports (Seed potatoes from Canada & NZ to Jamaica, Brachiaria hybrid seeds to Jamaica)

http://www.phytosanitary.info/training

IPPC PRA Training Course http://www.phytosanitary.info/information/ippc-pest-risk-analysis-training-course

IPPC E-learning Course on PRA http://elearning.phytosanitary.info/

PRA awareness raising materials (1) http://www.phytosanitary.info/pra

PRA awareness raising materials (2) http://www.phytosanitary.info/pra