The Classification of The Classification of Living OrganismsLiving Organisms

The Five KingdomsThe Five Kingdoms

The Five Kingdom Classification

of Living OrganismsIt is generally agreed that all organisms

belong to one of five Kingdoms.

All the members of any one Kingdom

may look extremely different from one another

but all share certain significant features in common

which set them apart from the members of any other Kingdom

Prokaryotae

Bacteria and blue-green bacteria (or cyanobacteria)

e.g. Spirillum, Staphylococcus•Cells are prokaryotic (no nucleus, no organelles) and very small (< 10 m)

•Autotrophic (chemosynthesis or photosynthesis)

and heterotrophic

•Cells have cell wall made of peptidoglycans/murein

Protoctista

e.g. seaweeds

Plasmodium (the cause of malaria),

Foraminiferans, Paramecium

Diatoms

Amoeba

Spirogyra alga Euglena

Trypanosoma

(the cause of sleeping sickness)

•Eukaryotic; unicellular and multicellular

•Autotrophic (e.g. seaweeds)

and heterotrophic (e.g. Plasmodium)

•Cells of some have cellulose walls (e.g. seaweeds)

whilst cells of other do not (e.g. Plasmodium)•Organisms are classed here if they

•do not fit into any other Kingdom

Fungi

Moulds, yeasts, mushrooms

•Eukaryotic

•Heterotrophic

•Cells have walls made of chitin

(a type of glucose-based polymer with attached amino acids, so different to cellulose)

•Some unicellular (e.g. yeasts) but usually body is a multicellular (but often no separate cells, so more accurately multinucleate)) mass (mycelium) of thread-like filaments (hyphae)

•Reproduce by forming resistant spores

Plantae

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

•Eukaryotic

•Multicellular

•Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs

•Autotrophic (photosynthesis)

•Cells have wall made of cellulose

•Have a complex life cycle with a sexually reproducing adult stage and an asexually reproducing adult stage

Sea anemones, earthworms, insects, snails, fish, humans

Animalia

•Eukaryotic

•Multicellular

•Complex body structures; specialised cells, tissues, organs

•Heterotrophic; most have a gut (digestive system)

•Cells lack cell walls

•Most are motile.

•Have a nervous system

•Embryo has a stage at which it is a hollow ball of cells (the blastula)

Five KingdomsProkaryotae

Protoctista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

All necessary information is in Fig 5.15 on All necessary information is in Fig 5.15 on page 13.page 13.

Or Fig 5.15 can be accessed and printed from Or Fig 5.15 can be accessed and printed from the SNAB website (mediabank)the SNAB website (mediabank)

It’s down to you!It’s down to you!

Taxonomic groups: the 5 Kingdoms

Taxonomic groups: Major phyla and classes of the Animal Kingdom

[There are actually 33 phyla!]

Phyla

Classes

All the animal phylaAll the animal phyla

http://www.glaucus.org.uk/other.htmhttp://www.glaucus.org.uk/other.htm